Import macOS userland

adv_cmds-176
basic_cmds-55
bootstrap_cmds-116.100.1
developer_cmds-66
diskdev_cmds-667.40.1
doc_cmds-53.60.1
file_cmds-321.40.3
mail_cmds-35
misc_cmds-34
network_cmds-606.40.1
patch_cmds-17
remote_cmds-63
shell_cmds-216.60.1
system_cmds-880.60.2
text_cmds-106

1 files changed, 171 insertions, 0 deletions

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+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1992, 1993, 1994
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software donated to Berkeley by
+.\" Jan-Simon Pendry.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)mount_fdesc.8	8.2 (Berkeley) 3/27/94
+.\"
+.\"
+.Dd March 27, 1994
+.Dt MOUNT_FDESC 8
+.Os BSD 4.4
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm mount_fdesc
+.Nd mount the file-descriptor file system
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm mount_fdesc
+.Op Fl o Ar options
+.Ar fdesc
+.Ar mount_point
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Nm mount_fdesc
+command attaches an instance of the per-process file descriptor
+namespace to the global filesystem namespace.
+The conventional mount point is
+.Pa /dev
+and the filesystem should be union mounted in order to augment,
+rather than replace, the existing entries in
+.Pa /dev .
+This command is normally executed by
+.Xr mount 8
+at boot time.
+.Pp
+The options are as follows:
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Fl o
+Options are specified with a
+.Fl o
+flag followed by a comma separated string of options.
+See the
+.Xr mount 8
+man page for possible options and their meanings.
+.El
+.Pp
+The contents of the mount point are
+.Pa fd ,
+.Pa stderr ,
+.Pa stdin ,
+.Pa stdout 
+and
+.Pa tty .
+.Pp
+.Pa fd
+is a directory whose contents
+appear as a list of numbered files
+which correspond to the open files of the process reading the
+directory.
+The files
+.Pa /dev/fd/0
+through
+.Pa /dev/fd/#
+refer to file descriptors which can be accessed through the file
+system.
+If the file descriptor is open and the mode the file is being opened
+with is a subset of the mode of the existing descriptor, the call:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+fd = open("/dev/fd/0", mode);
+.Ed
+.Pp
+and the call:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+fd = fcntl(0, F_DUPFD, 0);
+.Ed
+.Pp
+are equivalent.
+.Pp
+The files
+.Pa /dev/stdin ,
+.Pa /dev/stdout
+and
+.Pa /dev/stderr
+appear as symlinks to the relevant entry in the
+.Pa /dev/fd
+sub-directory.
+Opening them is equivalent to the following calls:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+fd = fcntl(STDIN_FILENO,  F_DUPFD, 0);
+fd = fcntl(STDOUT_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 0);
+fd = fcntl(STDERR_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 0);
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Flags to the
+.Xr open 2
+call other than
+.Dv O_RDONLY , 
+.Dv O_WRONLY
+and
+.Dv O_RDWR
+are ignored.
+.Pp
+The
+.Pa /dev/tty
+entry is an indirect reference to the current process's controlling terminal.
+It appears as a named pipe (FIFO) but behaves in exactly the same way as
+the real controlling terminal device.
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width /dev/stderr -compact
+.It Pa /dev/fd/#
+.It Pa /dev/stdin
+.It Pa /dev/stdout
+.It Pa /dev/stderr
+.It Pa /dev/tty
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr mount 2 ,
+.Xr unmount 2 ,
+.Xr tty 4 ,
+.Xr fstab 5 ,
+.Xr mount 8
+.Sh CAVEATS
+No
+.Pa .
+and
+.Pa ..
+entries appear when listing the contents of the
+.Pa /dev/fd
+directory.
+This makes sense in the context of this filesystem, but is inconsistent
+with usual filesystem conventions.
+However, it is still possible to refer to both
+.Pa .
+and 
+.Pa ..
+in a pathname.
+.Pp
+This filesystem may not be NFS-exported.
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Nm mount_fdesc
+utility first appeared in 4.4BSD.