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author | 2021-05-09 14:20:58 -0400 | |
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committer | 2021-05-09 14:20:58 -0400 | |
commit | 5fd83771641d15c418f747bd343ba6738d3875f7 (patch) | |
tree | 5abf0f78f680d9837dbd93d4d4c3933bb7509599 /shell_cmds/hexdump/hexdump.1 | |
download | apple_cmds-5fd83771641d15c418f747bd343ba6738d3875f7.tar.gz apple_cmds-5fd83771641d15c418f747bd343ba6738d3875f7.tar.zst apple_cmds-5fd83771641d15c418f747bd343ba6738d3875f7.zip |
Import macOS userland
adv_cmds-176
basic_cmds-55
bootstrap_cmds-116.100.1
developer_cmds-66
diskdev_cmds-667.40.1
doc_cmds-53.60.1
file_cmds-321.40.3
mail_cmds-35
misc_cmds-34
network_cmds-606.40.1
patch_cmds-17
remote_cmds-63
shell_cmds-216.60.1
system_cmds-880.60.2
text_cmds-106
Diffstat (limited to 'shell_cmds/hexdump/hexdump.1')
-rw-r--r-- | shell_cmds/hexdump/hexdump.1 | 342 |
1 files changed, 342 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/shell_cmds/hexdump/hexdump.1 b/shell_cmds/hexdump/hexdump.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5e49a64 --- /dev/null +++ b/shell_cmds/hexdump/hexdump.1 @@ -0,0 +1,342 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" @(#)hexdump.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/18/94 +.\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/hexdump/hexdump.1,v 1.21 2004/07/10 13:11:00 tjr Exp $ +.\" +.Dd July 10, 2004 +.Dt HEXDUMP 1 +.Os +.Sh NAME +.Nm hexdump +.Nd ASCII, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl bcCdovx +.Op Fl e Ar format_string +.Op Fl f Ar format_file +.Op Fl n Ar length +.Bk -words +.Op Fl s Ar skip +.Ek +.Ar +.Sh DESCRIPTION +The +.Nm +utility is a filter which displays the specified files, or +the standard input, if no files are specified, in a user specified +format. +.Pp +The options are as follows: +.Bl -tag -width indent +.It Fl b +.Em One-byte octal display . +Display the input offset in hexadecimal, followed by sixteen +space-separated, three column, zero-filled, bytes of input data, +in octal, per line. +.It Fl C +.Em Canonical hex+ASCII display . +Display the input offset in hexadecimal, followed by sixteen +space-separated, two column, hexadecimal bytes, followed by the +same sixteen bytes in %_p format enclosed in ``|'' characters. +.It Fl c +.Em One-byte character display . +Display the input offset in hexadecimal, followed by sixteen +space-separated, three column, space-filled, characters of input +data per line. +.It Fl d +.Em Two-byte decimal display . +Display the input offset in hexadecimal, followed by eight +space-separated, five column, zero-filled, two-byte units +of input data, in unsigned decimal, per line. +.It Fl e Ar format_string +Specify a format string to be used for displaying data. +.It Fl f Ar format_file +Specify a file that contains one or more newline separated format strings. +Empty lines and lines whose first non-blank character is a hash mark +.Pf ( Cm \&# ) +are ignored. +.It Fl n Ar length +Interpret only +.Ar length +bytes of input. +.It Fl o +.Em Two-byte octal display . +Display the input offset in hexadecimal, followed by eight +space-separated, six column, zero-filled, two byte quantities of +input data, in octal, per line. +.It Fl s Ar offset +Skip +.Ar offset +bytes from the beginning of the input. +By default, +.Ar offset +is interpreted as a decimal number. +With a leading +.Cm 0x +or +.Cm 0X , +.Ar offset +is interpreted as a hexadecimal number, +otherwise, with a leading +.Cm 0 , +.Ar offset +is interpreted as an octal number. +Appending the character +.Cm b , +.Cm k , +.Cm m , +or +.Cm g +to +.Ar offset +causes it to be interpreted as a multiple of +.Li 512 , +.Li 1024 , +.Li 1048576 , +or +.Li 1073741824 , +respectively. +.It Fl v +Cause +.Nm +to display all input data. +Without the +.Fl v +option, any number of groups of output lines, which would be +identical to the immediately preceding group of output lines (except +for the input offsets), are replaced with a line comprised of a +single asterisk. +.It Fl x +.Em Two-byte hexadecimal display . +Display the input offset in hexadecimal, followed by eight, space +separated, four column, zero-filled, two-byte quantities of input +data, in hexadecimal, per line. +.El +.Pp +For each input file, +.Nm +sequentially copies the input to standard output, transforming the +data according to the format strings specified by the +.Fl e +and +.Fl f +options, in the order that they were specified. +.Ss Formats +A format string contains any number of format units, separated by +whitespace. +A format unit contains up to three items: an iteration count, a byte +count, and a format. +.Pp +The iteration count is an optional positive integer, which defaults to +one. +Each format is applied iteration count times. +.Pp +The byte count is an optional positive integer. +If specified it defines the number of bytes to be interpreted by +each iteration of the format. +.Pp +If an iteration count and/or a byte count is specified, a single slash +must be placed after the iteration count and/or before the byte count +to disambiguate them. +Any whitespace before or after the slash is ignored. +.Pp +The format is required and must be surrounded by double quote +(" ") marks. +It is interpreted as a fprintf-style format string (see +.Xr fprintf 3 ) , +with the +following exceptions: +.Bl -bullet -offset indent +.It +An asterisk (*) may not be used as a field width or precision. +.It +A byte count or field precision +.Em is +required for each ``s'' conversion +character (unlike the +.Xr fprintf 3 +default which prints the entire string if the precision is unspecified). +.It +The conversion characters ``h'', ``l'', ``n'', ``p'' and ``q'' are +not supported. +.It +The single character escape sequences +described in the C standard are supported: +.Bd -ragged -offset indent -compact +.Bl -column <alert_character> +.It "NUL \e0 +.It "<alert character> \ea +.It "<backspace> \eb +.It "<form-feed> \ef +.It "<newline> \en +.It "<carriage return> \er +.It "<tab> \et +.It "<vertical tab> \ev +.El +.Ed +.El +.Pp +The +.Nm +utility also supports the following additional conversion strings: +.Bl -tag -width Fl +.It Cm \&_a Ns Op Cm dox +Display the input offset, cumulative across input files, of the +next byte to be displayed. +The appended characters +.Cm d , +.Cm o , +and +.Cm x +specify the display base +as decimal, octal or hexadecimal respectively. +.It Cm \&_A Ns Op Cm dox +Identical to the +.Cm \&_a +conversion string except that it is only performed +once, when all of the input data has been processed. +.It Cm \&_c +Output characters in the default character set. +Nonprinting characters are displayed in three character, zero-padded +octal, except for those representable by standard escape notation +(see above), +which are displayed as two character strings. +.It Cm _p +Output characters in the ASCII character set. +Non-ASCII characters are displayed as a single +.Dq Cm \&. . +.It Cm _u +Output US +.Tn ASCII +characters, with the exception that control characters are +displayed using the following, lower-case, names. +Characters greater than 0xff, hexadecimal, are displayed as hexadecimal +strings. +.Bl -column \&000_nu \&001_so \&002_st \&003_et \&004_eo +.It "\&000\ NUL\t001\ SOH\t002\ STX\t003\ ETX\t004\ EOT\t005\ ENQ +.It "\&006\ ACK\t007\ BEL\t008\ BS\t009\ HT\t00A\ LF\t00B\ VT +.It "\&00C\ FF\t00D\ CR\t00E\ SO\t00F\ SI\t010\ DLE\t011\ DC1 +.It "\&012\ DC2\t013\ DC3\t014\ DC4\t015\ NAK\t016\ SYN\t017\ ETB +.It "\&018\ CAN\t019\ EM\t01A\ SUB\t01B\ ESC\t01C\ FS\t01D\ GS +.It "\&01E\ RS\t01F\ US\t0FF\ DEL +.El +.El +.Pp +The default and supported byte counts for the conversion characters +are as follows: +.Bl -tag -width "Xc,_Xc,_Xc,_Xc,_Xc,_Xc" -offset indent +.It Li \&%_c , \&%_p , \&%_u , \&%c +One byte counts only. +.It Xo +.Li \&%d , \&%i , \&%o , +.Li \&%u , \&%X , \&%x +.Xc +Four byte default, one, two and four byte counts supported. +.It Xo +.Li \&%E , \&%e , \&%f , +.Li \&%G , \&%g +.Xc +Eight byte default, four and twelve byte counts supported. +.El +.Pp +The amount of data interpreted by each format string is the sum of the +data required by each format unit, which is the iteration count times the +byte count, or the iteration count times the number of bytes required by +the format if the byte count is not specified. +.Pp +The input is manipulated in ``blocks'', where a block is defined as the +largest amount of data specified by any format string. +Format strings interpreting less than an input block's worth of data, +whose last format unit both interprets some number of bytes and does +not have a specified iteration count, have the iteration count +incremented until the entire input block has been processed or there +is not enough data remaining in the block to satisfy the format string. +.Pp +If, either as a result of user specification or +.Nm +modifying +the iteration count as described above, an iteration count is +greater than one, no trailing whitespace characters are output +during the last iteration. +.Pp +It is an error to specify a byte count as well as multiple conversion +characters or strings unless all but one of the conversion characters +or strings is +.Cm \&_a +or +.Cm \&_A . +.Pp +If, as a result of the specification of the +.Fl n +option or end-of-file being reached, input data only partially +satisfies a format string, the input block is zero-padded sufficiently +to display all available data (i.e., any format units overlapping the +end of data will display some number of the zero bytes). +.Pp +Further output by such format strings is replaced by an equivalent +number of spaces. +An equivalent number of spaces is defined as the number of spaces +output by an +.Cm s +conversion character with the same field width +and precision as the original conversion character or conversion +string but with any +.Dq Li \&+ , +.Dq \&\ \& , +.Dq Li \&# +conversion flag characters +removed, and referencing a NULL string. +.Pp +If no format strings are specified, the default display is a +one-byte hexadecimal display. +.Sh DIAGNOSTICS +.Ex -std +.Sh EXAMPLES +Note that the following format strings, used with +.Fl e , +must be enclosed in single quotes. +.Pp +Display the input in perusal format: +.Bd -literal -offset indent +"%06.6_ao " 12/1 "%3_u " +"\et\et" "%_p " +"\en" +.Ed +.Pp +Implement the \-x option: +.Bd -literal -offset indent +"%07.7_Ax\en" +"%07.7_ax " 8/2 "%04x " "\en" +.Ed +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr gdb 1 , +.Xr od 1 |