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| -rw-r--r-- | mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail6.nr | 125 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail7.nr | 107 | ||||
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| -rw-r--r-- | mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail9.nr | 203 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/maila.nr | 33 |
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diff --git a/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/Makefile b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4c96c7e --- /dev/null +++ b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# $NetBSD: Makefile,v 1.3 1997/12/21 15:48:30 christos Exp $ +# from: @(#)Makefile 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93 + +DIR= usd/07.mail +SRCS= mail0.nr mail1.nr mail2.nr mail3.nr mail4.nr mail5.nr mail6.nr \ + mail7.nr mail8.nr mail9.nr maila.nr +MACROS= -me + +paper.ps: ${SRCS} + ${SOELIM} -I${.CURDIR} ${.ALLSRC} | ${TBL} | ${ROFF} > ${.TARGET} + +.include <bsd.doc.mk> diff --git a/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail0.nr b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail0.nr new file mode 100644 index 0000000..15955be --- /dev/null +++ b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail0.nr @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" @(#)mail0.nr 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93 +.\" +.eh 'USD:7-%''Mail Reference Manual' +.oh 'Mail Reference Manual''USD:7-%' +.if n \ +.nr fs .5v +.\".he 'Mail Reference Manual'\n(mo/\n(dy/\n(yr'%' +.tp +.sp 1.0i +.sz 12 +.rb +.(l C +MAIL REFERENCE MANUAL +.)l +.sz 10 +.sp 2 +.i +.(l C +Kurt Shoens +.)l +.r +.(l C +Revised by +.)l +.(l C +.i +Craig Leres\ \c +.r +and\ \c +.i +Mark Andrews +.)l +.r +.(l C +Version 5.5 + + +\*(td +.)l +.pn 2 diff --git a/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail1.nr b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail1.nr new file mode 100644 index 0000000..50e7883 --- /dev/null +++ b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail1.nr @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" @(#)mail1.nr 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93 +.\" +.sh 1 Introduction +.pp +.i Mail +provides a simple and friendly environment for sending and receiving mail. +It divides incoming mail into +its constituent messages and allows the user to deal with them +in any order. In addition, it provides a set of +.i ed -\c +like commands for manipulating messages and sending mail. +.i Mail +offers the user simple editing capabilities to ease the composition +of outgoing messages, as well as providing the ability to define and send +to names which address groups of users. Finally, +.i Mail +is able to send and receive messages across such networks as the +ARPANET, UUCP, and Berkeley network. +.pp +This document describes how to use the +.i Mail +program to send and receive messages. The reader is not assumed to +be familiar with other message handling systems, but should be +familiar with the \s-2UNIX\s0\** +.(f +\** \s-1UNIX\s0 is a trademark of Bell Laboratories. +.)f +shell, the text editor, and some of the common \s-2UNIX\s0 commands. +.q "The \s-2UNIX\s0 Programmer's Manual," +.q "An Introduction to Csh," +and +.q "Text Editing with Ex and Vi" +can be consulted for more information on these topics. +.pp +Here is how messages are handled: +the mail system accepts incoming +.i messages +for you from other people +and collects them in a file, called your +.i "system mailbox" . +When you login, the system notifies you if there are any messages +waiting in your system mailbox. If you are a +.i csh +user, you will be notified when new mail arrives if you inform +the shell of the location of your mailbox. On version 7 systems, +your system mailbox is located in the directory /var/mail +in a file with your login name. If your login name is +.q sam, +then you can make +.i csh +notify you of new mail by including the following line in your .cshrc +file: +.(l +set mail=/var/mail/sam +.)l +When you read your mail using +.i Mail , +it reads your system mailbox and separates that file into the +individual messages that have been sent to you. You can then +read, reply to, delete, or save these messages. +Each message is marked with its author and the date they sent it. diff --git a/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail2.nr b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail2.nr new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0419859 --- /dev/null +++ b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail2.nr @@ -0,0 +1,617 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" @(#)mail2.nr 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93 +.\" +.bp +.sh 1 "Common usage" +.pp +The +.i Mail +command has two distinct usages, according to whether one +wants to send or receive mail. Sending mail is simple: to send a +message to a user whose login name is, say, +\*(lqroot,\*(rq +use the shell +command: +.(l +% Mail root +.)l +then type your message. When you reach the end of the message, type +an EOT (control\-d) at the beginning of a line, which will cause +.i Mail +to echo \*(lqEOT\*(rq and return you to the Shell. When the user you sent mail +to next logs in, he will receive the message: +.(l +You have mail. +.)l +to alert him to the existence of your message. +.pp +If, while you are composing the message +you decide that you do not wish to send it after all, you can +abort the letter with a \s-2RUBOUT\s0. Typing a single \s-2RUBOUT\s0 +causes +.i Mail +to print +.(l +(Interrupt -- one more to kill letter) +.)l +Typing a second +\s-2RUBOUT\s0 causes +.i Mail +to save your partial letter on the file +.q dead.letter +in your home directory and abort the letter. +Once you have +sent mail to someone, there is no way to undo the act, so be +careful. +.pp +The message your recipient reads will consist of the message you +typed, preceded by a line telling who sent the message (your login name) +and the date and time it +was sent. +.pp +If you want to send the same message to several other people, you can list +their login names on the command line. +Thus, +.(l +% Mail sam bob john +Tuition fees are due next Friday. Don't forget!! +<Control\-d> +EOT +% +.)l +will send the reminder to sam, bob, and john. +.pp +If, when you log in, you see the message, +.(l +You have mail. +.)l +you can read the mail by typing simply: +.(l +% Mail +.)l +.i Mail +will respond by typing its version number and date and then listing +the messages you have waiting. Then it will type a prompt and await +your command. The messages are assigned numbers starting with 1 \*- you +refer to the messages with these numbers. +.i Mail +keeps track of which messages are +.i new +(have been sent since you last read your mail) and +.i read +(have been read by you). New messages have an +.b N +next to them in the header listing and old, but unread messages have +a +.b U +next to them. +.i Mail +keeps track of new/old and read/unread messages by putting a +header field called +.q Status +into your messages. +.pp +To look at a specific message, use the +.b type +command, which may be abbreviated to simply +.b t . +For example, if you had the following messages: +.(l +N 1 root Wed Sep 21 09:21 "Tuition fees" +N 2 sam Tue Sep 20 22:55 +.)l +you could examine the first message by giving the command: +.(l +type 1 +.)l +which might cause +.i Mail +to respond with, for example: +.(l +Message 1: +From root Wed Sep 21 09:21:45 1978 +Subject: Tuition fees +Status: R + +Tuition fees are due next Wednesday. Don't forget!! + +.)l +Many +.i Mail +commands that operate on messages take a message number as an +argument like the +.b type +command. For these commands, there is a notion of a current +message. When you enter the +.i Mail +program, the current message is initially the first one. Thus, +you can often omit the message number and use, for example, +.(l +t +.)l +to type the current message. As a further shorthand, you can type a message +by simply giving its message number. Hence, +.(l +1 +.)l +would type the first message. +.pp +Frequently, it is useful to read the messages in your mailbox in order, +one after another. You can read the next message in +.i Mail +by simply typing a newline. As a special case, you can type a newline +as your first command to +.i Mail +to type the first message. +.pp +If, after typing a message, you wish to immediately send a reply, +you can do so with the +.b reply +command. +.b Reply , +like +.b type , +takes a message number as an argument. +.i Mail +then begins a message addressed to the user who sent you the message. +You may then type in your letter in reply, followed by a <control-d> +at the beginning of a line, as before. +.i Mail +will type EOT, then type the ampersand prompt to indicate its readiness +to accept another command. In our example, if, after typing the +first message, you wished to reply to it, you might give the command: +.(l +reply +.)l +.i Mail +responds by typing: +.(l +To: root +Subject: Re: Tuition fees +.)l +and waiting for you to enter your letter. +You are now in the message collection mode described at the beginning +of this section and +.i Mail +will gather up your message up to a control\-d. +Note that it copies the subject +header from the original message. This is useful in that correspondence +about a particular matter will tend to retain the same subject heading, +making it easy to recognize. If there are other header fields in +the message, the information found will also be used. +For example, if the letter had a +.q "To:" +header listing several recipients, +.i Mail +would arrange to send your replay to the same people as well. +Similarly, if the original message contained a +.q "Cc:" +(carbon copies to) field, +.i Mail +would send your reply to +.i those +users, too. +.i Mail +is careful, though, not too send the message to +.i you , +even if you appear in the +.q "To:" +or +.q "Cc:" +field, unless you ask to be included explicitly. See section 4 for more +details. +.pp +After typing in your letter, the dialog with +.i Mail +might look like the following: +.(l +reply +To: root +Subject: Tuition fees + +Thanks for the reminder +EOT +& +.)l +.pp +The +.b reply +command is especially useful for sustaining extended conversations +over the message system, with other +.q listening +users receiving copies of the conversation. The +.b reply +command can be abbreviated to +.b r . +.pp +Sometimes you will receive a message that has been sent to +several people and wish to reply +.i only +to the person who sent it. +.b Reply +with a capital +.b R +replies to a message, but sends a copy to the sender only. +.pp +If you wish, while reading your mail, to send a message to someone, +but not as a reply to one of your messages, you can send the message +directly with the +.b mail +command, which takes as arguments the names of the recipients you wish +to send to. For example, to send a message to +.q frank, +you would do: +.(l +mail frank +This is to confirm our meeting next Friday at 4. +EOT +& +.)l +The +.b mail +command can be abbreviated to +.b m . +.pp +Normally, each message you receive is saved in the file +.i mbox +in your login directory at the time you leave +.i Mail . +Often, +however, you will not want to save a particular message you +have received because it is only of passing interest. To avoid +saving a message in +.i mbox +you can delete it using the +.b delete +command. In our example, +.(l +delete 1 +.)l +will prevent +.i Mail +from saving message 1 (from root) in +.i mbox . +In addition to not saving deleted messages, +.i Mail +will not let +you type them, either. The effect is to make the message disappear +altogether, along with its number. The +.b delete +command can be abbreviated to simply +.b d . +.pp +Many features of +.i Mail +can be tailored to your liking with the +.b set +command. The +.b set +command has two forms, depending on whether you are setting +a +.i binary +option or a +.i valued +option. +Binary options are either on or off. For example, the +.q ask +option informs +.i Mail +that each time you send a message, you want it to prompt you for +a subject header, to be included in the message. +To set the +.q ask +option, you would type +.(l +set ask +.)l +.pp +Another useful +.i Mail +option is +.q hold. +Unless told otherwise, +.i Mail +moves the messages from your system mailbox to the file +.i mbox +in your home directory when you leave +.i Mail . +If you want +.i Mail +to keep your letters in the system mailbox instead, you can set the +.q hold +option. +.pp +Valued options are values which +.i Mail +uses to adapt to your tastes. For example, the +.q SHELL +option tells +.i Mail +which shell you like to use, and is specified by +.(l +set SHELL=/bin/csh +.)l +for example. Note that no spaces are allowed in +.q "SHELL=/bin/csh." +A complete list of the +.i Mail +options appears in section 5. +.pp +Another important valued option is +.q crt. +If you use a fast video terminal, you will find that when you +print long messages, they fly by too quickly for you to read them. +With the +.q crt +option, you can make +.i Mail +print any message larger than a given number of lines by sending +it through a paging program. This program is specified by the +valued option \fBPAGER\fP. +If \fBPAGER\fP is not set, a default paginator is used. +For example, most CRT users with 24-line screens should do: +.(l +set crt=24 +.)l +to paginate messages that will not fit on their screens. +In the default state, \fImore\fP (default paginator) prints a screenful of +information, then types --More--. Type a space to see the next screenful. +.pp +Another adaptation to user needs that +.i Mail +provides is that of +.i aliases . +An alias is simply a name which stands for one or more +real user names. +.i Mail +sent to an alias is really sent to the list of real users +associated with it. For example, an alias can be defined for the +members of a project, so that you can send mail to the whole project +by sending mail to just a single name. The +.b alias +command in +.i Mail +defines an alias. Suppose that the users in a project are +named Sam, Sally, Steve, and Susan. To define an alias called +.q project +for them, you would use the +.i Mail +command: +.(l +alias project sam sally steve susan +.)l +The +.b alias +command can also be used to provide a convenient name for someone +whose user name is inconvenient. For example, if a user named +.q "Bob Anderson" +had the login name +.q anderson," +you might want to use: +.(l +alias bob anderson +.)l +so that you could send mail to the shorter name, +.q bob. +.pp +While the +.b alias +and +.b set +commands allow you to customize +.i Mail , +they have the drawback that they must be retyped each time you enter +.i Mail . +To make them more convenient to use, +.i Mail +always looks for two files when it is invoked. It first reads +a system wide file +.q /etc/mail.rc, +then a user specific file, +.q .mailrc, +which is found in the user's home directory. +The system wide file +is maintained by the system administrator and +contains +.b set +commands that are applicable to all users of the system. +The +.q .mailrc +file is usually used by each user to set options the way he likes +and define individual aliases. +For example, my .mailrc file looks like this: +.(l +set ask nosave SHELL=/bin/csh +.)l +As you can see, it is possible to set many options in the +same +.b set +command. The +.q nosave +option is described in section 5. +.pp +Mail aliasing is implemented +at the system-wide level +by the mail delivery +system +.i sendmail . +These aliases are stored in the file /usr/lib/aliases and are +accessible to all users of the system. +The lines in /usr/lib/aliases are of +the form: +.(l +alias: name\*<1\*>, name\*<2\*>, name\*<3\*> +.)l +where +.i alias +is the mailing list name and the +.i name\*<i\*> +are the members of the list. Long lists can be continued onto the next +line by starting the next line with a space or tab. Remember that you +must execute the shell command +.i newaliases +after editing /usr/lib/aliases since the delivery system +uses an indexed file created by +.i newaliases . +.pp +We have seen that +.i Mail +can be invoked with command line arguments which are people +to send the message to, or with no arguments to read mail. +Specifying the +.rb \-f +flag on the command line causes +.i Mail +to read messages from a file other than your system mailbox. +For example, if you have a collection of messages in +the file +.q letters +you can use +.i Mail +to read them with: +.(l +% Mail \-f letters +.)l +You can use all +the +.i Mail +commands described in this document to examine, modify, or delete +messages from your +.q letters +file, which will be rewritten when you leave +.i Mail +with the +.b quit +command described below. +.pp +Since mail that you read is saved in the file +.i mbox +in your home directory by default, you can read +.i mbox +in your home directory by using simply +.(l +% Mail \-f +.)l +.pp +Normally, messages that you examine using the +.b type +command are saved in the file +.q mbox +in your home directory if you leave +.i Mail +with the +.b quit +command described below. +If you wish to retain a message in your system mailbox +you can use the +.b preserve +command to tell +.i Mail +to leave it there. +The +.b preserve +command accepts a list of message numbers, just like +.b type +and may be abbreviated to +.b pre . +.pp +Messages in your system mailbox that you do not examine are +normally retained in your system mailbox automatically. +If you wish to have such a message saved in +.i mbox +without reading it, you may use the +.b mbox +command to have them so saved. For example, +.(l +mbox 2 +.)l +in our example would cause the second message (from sam) +to be saved in +.i mbox +when the +.b quit +command is executed. +.b Mbox +is also the way to direct messages to your +.i mbox +file if you have set the +.q hold +option described above. +.b Mbox +can be abbreviated to +.b mb . +.pp +When you have perused all the messages of interest, you can leave +.i Mail +with the +.b quit +command, which saves the messages you have typed but not +deleted in the file +.i mbox +in your login directory. Deleted messages are discarded irretrievably, +and messages left untouched are preserved in your system mailbox so +that you will see them the next time you type: +.(l +% Mail +.)l +The +.b quit +command can be abbreviated to simply +.b q . +.pp +If you wish for some reason to leave +.i Mail +quickly without altering either your system mailbox or +.i mbox , +you can type the +.b x +command (short for +.b exit ), +which will immediately return you to the Shell without changing anything. +.pp +If, instead, you want to execute a Shell command without leaving +.i Mail , +you +can type the command preceded by an exclamation point, just as in the +text editor. Thus, for instance: +.(l +!date +.)l +will print the current date without leaving +.i Mail . +.pp +Finally, the +.b help +command is available to print out a brief summary of the +.i Mail +commands, using only the single character command abbreviations. diff --git a/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail3.nr b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail3.nr new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8b133ef --- /dev/null +++ b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail3.nr @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" @(#)mail3.nr 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93 +.\" +.sh 1 "Maintaining folders" +.pp +.i Mail +includes a simple facility for maintaining groups of messages together +in folders. This section describes this facility. +.pp +To use the folder facility, you must tell +.i Mail +where you wish to keep your folders. Each folder of messages will +be a single file. For convenience, all of your folders are kept in +a single directory of your choosing. To tell +.i Mail +where your folder directory is, put a line of the form +.(l +set folder=letters +.)l +in your +.i .mailrc +file. If, as in the example above, your folder directory does not +begin with a `/,' +.i Mail +will assume that your folder directory is to be found starting from +your home directory. Thus, if your home directory is +.b /home/person +the above example told +.i Mail +to find your folder directory in +.b /home/person/letters . +.pp +Anywhere a file name is expected, you can use a folder name, preceded +with `+.' For example, to put a message into a folder with the +.b save +command, you can use: +.(l +save +classwork +.)l +to save the current message in the +.i classwork +folder. If the +.i classwork +folder does not yet exist, it will be created. Note that messages +which are saved with the +.b save +command are automatically removed from your system mailbox. +.pp +In order to make a copy of a message in a folder without causing +that message to be removed from your system mailbox, use the +.b copy +command, which is identical in all other respects to the +.b save +command. For example, +.(l +copy +classwork +.)l +copies the current message into the +.i classwork +folder and leaves a copy in your system mailbox. +.pp +The +.b folder +command +can be used to direct +.i Mail +to the contents of a different folder. +For example, +.(l +folder +classwork +.)l +directs +.i Mail +to read the contents of the +.i classwork +folder. All of the commands that you can use on your system +mailbox are also applicable to folders, including +.b type , +.b delete , +and +.b reply . +To inquire which folder you are currently editing, use simply: +.(l +folder +.)l +.pp +To list your current set of folders, use the +.b folders +command. +.pp +To start +.i Mail +reading one of your folders, you can use the +.b \-f +option described in section 2. For example: +.(l +% Mail \-f +classwork +.)l +will cause +.i Mail +to read your +.i classwork +folder without looking at your system mailbox. diff --git a/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail4.nr b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail4.nr new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a1e046 --- /dev/null +++ b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail4.nr @@ -0,0 +1,437 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" @(#)mail4.nr 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93 +.\" +.bp +.sh 1 "More about sending mail" +.sh 2 "Tilde escapes" +.pp +While typing in a message to be sent to others, it is often +useful to be able to invoke the text editor on the partial message, +print the message, execute a shell command, or do some other +auxiliary function. +.i Mail +provides these capabilities through +.i "tilde escapes" , +which consist of a tilde (~) at the beginning of a line, followed by +a single character which indicates the function to be performed. For +example, to print the text of the message so far, use: +.(l +~p +.)l +which will print a line of dashes, the recipients of your message, and +the text of the message so far. +Since +.i Mail +requires two consecutive \s-2RUBOUT\s0's to abort a letter, you +can use a single \s-2RUBOUT\s0 to abort the output of ~p or any other +~ escape without killing your letter. +.pp +If you are dissatisfied with the message as +it stands, you can invoke the text editor on it using the escape +.(l +~e +.)l +which causes the message to be copied into a temporary file and an +instance of the editor to be spawned. After modifying the message to +your satisfaction, write it out and quit the editor. +.i Mail +will respond +by typing +.(l +(continue) +.)l +after which you may continue typing text which will be appended to your +message, or type <control-d> to end the message. +A standard text editor is provided by +.i Mail . +You can override this default by setting the valued option +.q EDITOR +to something else. For example, you might prefer: +.(l +set EDITOR=/usr/bin/ex +.)l +.pp +Many systems offer a screen editor as an alternative to the standard +text editor, such as the +.i vi +editor from UC Berkeley. +To use the screen, or +.i visual +editor, on your current message, you can use the escape, +.(l +~v +.)l +~v works like ~e, except that the screen editor is invoked instead. +A default screen editor is defined by +.i Mail . +If it does not suit you, you can set the valued option +.q VISUAL +to the path name of a different editor. +.pp +It is often useful to be able to include the contents of some +file in your message; the escape +.(l +~r filename +.)l +is provided for this purpose, and causes the named file to be appended +to your current message. +.i Mail +complains if the file doesn't exist +or can't be read. If the read is successful, the number of lines and +characters appended to your message is printed, after which you may continue +appending text. The filename may contain shell metacharacters like * and ? +which are expanded according to the conventions of your shell. +.pp +As a special case of ~r, the escape +.(l +~d +.)l +reads in the file +.q dead.letter +in your home directory. This is often useful since +.i Mail +copies the text +of your message there when you abort a message with \s-2RUBOUT\s0. +.pp +To save the current text of your message on a file you may use the +.(l +~w filename +.)l +escape. +.i Mail +will print out the number of lines and characters written +to the file, after which you may continue appending text to your message. +Shell metacharacters may be used in the filename, as in ~r and are expanded +with the conventions of your shell. +.pp +If you are sending mail from within +.i Mail's +command mode +you can read a message sent to you into the message +you are constructing with the escape: +.(l +~m 4 +.)l +which will read message 4 into the current message, shifted right by +one tab stop. You can name any non-deleted message, or list of messages. +Messages can also be forwarded without shifting by a tab stop with ~f. +This is the usual way to forward a message. +.pp +If, in the process of composing a message, you decide to add additional +people to the list of message recipients, you can do so with the escape +.(l +~t name1 name2 ... +.)l +You may name as few or many additional recipients as you wish. Note +that the users originally on the recipient list will still receive +the message; you cannot remove someone from the recipient +list with ~t. +.pp +If you wish, you can associate a subject with your message by using the +escape +.(l +~s Arbitrary string of text +.)l +which replaces any previous subject with +.q "Arbitrary string of text." +The subject, if given, is sent near the +top of the message prefixed with +.q "Subject:" +You can see what the message will look like by using ~p. +.pp +For political reasons, one occasionally prefers to list certain +people as recipients of carbon copies of a message rather than +direct recipients. The escape +.(l +~c name1 name2 ... +.)l +adds the named people to the +.q "Cc:" +list, similar to ~t. +Again, you can execute ~p to see what the message will look like. +.pp +The escape +.(l +~b name1 name2 ... +.)l +adds the named people to the +.q "Cc:" +list, but does not make the names visible in the +.q "Cc:" +line ("blind" carbon copy). +.pp +The recipients of the message together constitute the +.q "To:" +field, the subject the +.q "Subject:" +field, and the carbon copies the +.q "Cc:" +field. If you wish to edit these in ways impossible with the ~t, ~s, ~c +and ~b escapes, you can use the escape +.(l +~h +.)l +which prints +.q "To:" +followed by the current list of recipients and leaves the cursor +(or printhead) at the end of the line. If you type in ordinary +characters, they are appended to the end of the current list of +recipients. You can also use your erase character to erase back into +the list of recipients, or your kill character to erase them altogether. +Thus, for example, if your erase and kill characters are the standard +(on printing terminals) # and @ symbols, +.(l +~h +To: root kurt####bill +.)l +would change the initial recipients +.q "root kurt" +to +.q "root bill." +When you type a newline, +.i Mail +advances to the +.q "Subject:" +field, where the same rules apply. Another newline brings you to +the +.q "Cc:" +field, which may be edited in the same fashion. Another newline +brings you to the +.q "Bcc:" +("blind" carbon copy) field, which follows the same rules as the "Cc:" +field. Another newline +leaves you appending text to the end of your message. You can use +~p to print the current text of the header fields and the body +of the message. +.pp +To effect a temporary escape to the shell, the escape +.(l +~!command +.)l +is used, which executes +.i command +and returns you to mailing mode without altering the text of +your message. If you wish, instead, to filter the body of your +message through a shell command, then you can use +.(l +~|command +.)l +which pipes your message through the command and uses the output +as the new text of your message. If the command produces no output, +.i Mail +assumes that something is amiss and retains the old version +of your message. A frequently-used filter is the command +.i fmt , +designed to format outgoing mail. +.pp +To effect a temporary escape to +.i Mail +command mode instead, you can use the +.(l +~:\fIMail command\fP +.)l +escape. This is especially useful for retyping the message you are +replying to, using, for example: +.(l +~:t +.)l +It is also useful for setting options and modifying aliases. +.pp +If you wish abort the current message, you can use the escape +.(l +~q +.)l +This will terminate the current message and return you to the +shell (or \fIMail\fP if you were using the \fBmail\fP command). +If the \fBsave\fP option is set, the message will be copied +to the file +.q dead.letter +in your home directory. +.pp +If you wish (for some reason) to send a message that contains +a line beginning with a tilde, you must double it. Thus, for example, +.(l +~~This line begins with a tilde. +.)l +sends the line +.(l +~This line begins with a tilde. +.)l +.pp +Finally, the escape +.(l +~? +.)l +prints out a brief summary of the available tilde escapes. +.pp +On some terminals (particularly ones with no lower case) +tilde's are difficult to type. +.i Mail +allows you to change the escape character with the +.q escape +option. For example, I set +.(l +set escape=] +.)l +and use a right bracket instead of a tilde. If I ever need to +send a line beginning with right bracket, I double it, just as for ~. +Changing the escape character removes the special meaning of ~. +.sh 2 "Network access" +.pp +This section describes how to send mail to people on other machines. +Recall that sending to a plain login name sends mail to that person +on your machine. If your machine is directly (or sometimes, even, +indirectly) connected to the Arpanet, you can send messages to people +on the Arpanet using a name of the form +.(l +name@host.domain +.)l +where +.i name +is the login name of the person you're trying to reach, +.i host +is the name of the machine on the Arpanet, +and +.i domain +is the higher-level scope within which the hostname is known, e.g. EDU (for educational +institutions), COM (for commercial entities), GOV (for governmental agencies), +ARPA for many other things, BITNET or CSNET for those networks. +.pp +If your recipient logs in on a machine connected to yours by +UUCP (the Bell Laboratories supplied network that communicates +over telephone lines), sending mail can be a bit more complicated. +You must know the list of machines through which your message must +travel to arrive at his site. So, if his machine is directly connected +to yours, you can send mail to him using the syntax: +.(l +host!name +.)l +where, again, +.i host +is the name of the machine and +.i name +is the login name. +If your message must go through an intermediary machine first, you +must use the syntax: +.(l +intermediary!host!name +.)l +and so on. It is actually a feature of UUCP that the map of all +the systems in the network is not known anywhere (except where people +decide to write it down for convenience). Talk to your system administrator +about good ways to get places; the +.i uuname +command will tell you systems whose names are recognized, but not which +ones are frequently called or well-connected. +.pp +When you use the +.b reply +command to respond to a letter, there is a problem of figuring out the +names of the users in the +.q "To:" +and +.q "Cc:" +lists +.i "relative to the current machine" . +If the original letter was sent to you by someone on the local machine, +then this problem does not exist, but if the message came from a remote +machine, the problem must be dealt with. +.i Mail +uses a heuristic to build the correct name for each user relative +to the local machine. So, when you +.b reply +to remote mail, the names in the +.q "To:" +and +.q "Cc:" +lists may change somewhat. +.sh 2 "Special recipients" +.pp +As described previously, you can send mail to either user names or +.b alias +names. It is also possible to send messages directly to files or to +programs, using special conventions. If a recipient name has a +`/' in it or begins with a `+', it is assumed to be the +path name of a file into which +to send the message. If the file already exists, the message is +appended to the end of the file. If you want to name a file in +your current directory (ie, one for which a `/' would not usually +be needed) you can precede the name with `./' +So, to send mail to the file +.q memo +in the current directory, you can give the command: +.(l +% Mail ./memo +.)l +If the name begins with a `+,' it is expanded into the full path name +of the folder name in your folder directory. +This ability to send mail to files can be used for a variety of +purposes, such as maintaining a journal and keeping a record of +mail sent to a certain group of users. The second example can be +done automatically by including the full pathname of the record +file in the +.b alias +command for the group. Using our previous +.b alias +example, you might give the command: +.(l +alias project sam sally steve susan /usr/project/mail_record +.)l +Then, all mail sent to "project" would be saved on the file +.q /usr/project/mail_record +as well as being sent to the members of the project. This file +can be examined using +.i "Mail \-f" . +.pp +It is sometimes useful to send mail directly to a program, for +example one might write a project billboard program and want to access +it using +.i Mail . +To send messages to the billboard program, one can send mail +to the special name `|billboard' for example. +.i Mail +treats recipient names that begin with a `|' as a program to send +the mail to. An +.b alias +can be set up to reference a `|' prefaced name if desired. +.i Caveats : +the shell treats `|' specially, so it must be quoted on the command +line. Also, the `| program' must be presented as a single argument to +mail. The safest course is to surround the entire name with double +quotes. This also applies to usage in the +.b alias +command. For example, if we wanted to alias `rmsgs' to `rmsgs \-s' +we would need to say: +.(l +alias rmsgs "| rmsgs -s" +.)l diff --git a/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail5.nr b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail5.nr new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0116303 --- /dev/null +++ b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail5.nr @@ -0,0 +1,1042 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" @(#)mail5.nr 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93 +.\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/mail/USD.doc/mail5.nr,v 1.4 2000/11/29 10:56:59 ru Exp $ +.\" +.bp +.sh 1 "Additional features" +.pp +This section describes some additional commands useful for +reading your mail, setting options, and handling lists of messages. +.sh 2 "Message lists" +.pp +Several +.i Mail +commands accept a list of messages as an argument. +Along with +.b type +and +.b delete , +described in section 2, +there is the +.b from +command, which prints the message headers associated with the +message list passed to it. +The +.b from +command is particularly useful in conjunction with some of the +message list features described below. +.pp +A +.i "message list" +consists of a list of message numbers, ranges, and names, +separated by spaces or tabs. Message numbers may be either +decimal numbers, which directly specify messages, or one of the +special characters +.q \(ua +.q "." +or +.q "$" +to specify the first relevant, current, or last +relevant message, respectively. +.i Relevant +here means, for most commands +.q "not deleted" +and +.q "deleted" +for the +.b undelete +command. +.pp +A range of messages consists of two message numbers (of the form +described in the previous paragraph) separated by a dash. +Thus, to print the first four messages, use +.(l +type 1\-4 +.)l +and to print all the messages from the current message to the last +message, use +.(l +type .\-$ +.)l +.pp +A +.i name +is a user name. The user names given in the message list are +collected together and each message selected by other means +is checked to make sure it was sent by one of the named users. +If the message consists entirely of user names, then every +message sent by one of those users that is +.i relevant +(in the sense described earlier) +is selected. Thus, to print every message sent to you by +.q root, +do +.(l +type root +.)l +.pp +As a shorthand notation, you can specify simply +.q * +to get every +.i relevant +(same sense) +message. Thus, +.(l +type * +.)l +prints all undeleted messages, +.(l +delete * +.)l +deletes all undeleted messages, and +.(l +undelete * +.)l +undeletes all deleted messages. +.pp +You can search for the presence of a word in subject lines with +.b / . +For example, to print the headers of all messages that contain the +word +.q PASCAL, +do: +.(l +from /pascal +.)l +Note that subject searching ignores upper/lower case differences. +.sh 2 "List of commands" +.pp +This section describes all the +.i Mail +commands available when +receiving mail. +.ip "\fB\-\fP\ \ " +The +.rb \- +command goes to the previous message and prints it. The +.rb \- +command may be given a decimal number +.i n +as an argument, in which case the +.i n th +previous message is gone to and printed. +.ip "\fB?\fP\ \ " +Prints a brief summary of commands. +.ip "\fB!\fP\ \ " +Used to preface a command to be executed by the shell. +.ip "\fBPrint\fP\ \ " +Like +.b print , +but also print out ignored header fields. See also +\fBprint\fP, \fBignore\fP and \fBretain\fP. +\fBPrint\fP can be abbreviated to \fBP\fP. +.ip "\fBReply\fP or \fBRespond\fP\ \ " +Note the capital \fBR\fP in the name. +Frame a reply to a one or more messages. +The reply (or replies if you are using this on multiple messages) +will be sent ONLY to the person who sent you the message +(respectively, the set of people who sent the messages you are +replying to). +You can +add people using the \fB~t\fP, \fB~c\fP and \fB~b\fP +tilde escapes. The subject in your reply is formed by prefacing the +subject in the original message with +.q "Re:" +unless it already began thus. +If the original message included a +.q "reply-to" +header field, the reply will go +.i only +to the recipient named by +.q "reply-to." +You type in your message using the same conventions available to you +through the +.b mail +command. +The +.b Reply +command is especially useful for replying to messages that were sent +to enormous distribution groups when you really just want to +send a message to the originator. Use it often. +\fBReply\fP (and \fBRespond\fP) can be abbreviated to \fBR\fP. +.ip "\fBType\fP\ \ " +Identical to the +.b Print +command. +\fBType\fP can be abbreviated to \fBT\fP. +.ip "\fBalias\fP\ \ " +Define a name to stand for a set of other names. +This is used when you want to send messages to a certain +group of people and want to avoid retyping their names. +For example +.(l +alias project john sue willie kathryn +.)l +creates an alias +.i project +which expands to the four people John, Sue, Willie, and Kathryn. +If no arguments are given, all currently-defined aliases are printed. +If one argument is given, that alias is printed (if it exists). +\fBAlias\fP can be abbreviated to \fBa\fP. +.ip "\fBalternates\fP\ \ " +If you have accounts on several machines, you may find it convenient +to use the /usr/lib/aliases on all the machines except one to direct +your mail to a single account. +The +.b alternates +command is used to inform +.i Mail +that each of these other addresses is really +.i you . +.i Alternates +takes a list of user names and remembers that they are all actually you. +When you +.b reply +to messages that were sent to one of these alternate names, +.i Mail +will not bother to send a copy of the message to this other address (which +would simply be directed back to you by the alias mechanism). +If +.i alternates +is given no argument, it lists the current set of alternate names. +.b Alternates +is usually used in the .mailrc file. +\fBAlternates\fP can be abbreviated to \fBalt\fP. +.ip "\fBchdir\fP\ \ " +The +.b chdir +command allows you to change your current directory. +.b Chdir +takes a single argument, which is taken to be the pathname of +the directory to change to. If no argument is given, +.b chdir +changes to your home directory. +\fBChdir\fP can be abbreviated to \fBc\fP. +.ip "\fBcopy\fP\ \ " +The +.b copy +command does the same thing that +.b save +does, except that it does not mark the messages it is used on +for deletion when you quit. +\fBCopy\fP can be abbreviated to \fBco\fP. +.ip "\fBdelete\fP\ \ " +Deletes a list of messages. Deleted messages can be reclaimed +with the +.b undelete +command. +\fBDelete\fP can be abbreviated to \fBd\fP. +.ip "\fBdp\fP or \fBdt\fP\ \ " +These +commands delete the current message and print the next message. +They are useful for quickly reading and disposing of mail. +If there is no next message, \fImail\fP says ``at EOF.'' +.ip "\fBedit\fP\ \ " +To edit individual messages using the text editor, the +.b edit +command is provided. The +.b edit +command takes a list of messages as described under the +.b type +command and processes each by writing it into the file +Message\c +.i x +where +.i x +is the message number being edited and executing the text editor on it. +When you have edited the message to your satisfaction, write the message +out and quit, upon which +.i Mail +will read the message back and remove the file. +.b Edit +can be abbreviated to +.b e . +.ip "\fBelse\fP\ \ " +Marks the end of the then-part of an +.b if +statement and the beginning of the +part to take effect if the condition of the +.b if +statement is false. +.ip "\fBendif\fP\ \ " +Marks the end of an +.b if +statement. +.ip "\fBexit\fP or \fBxit\fP\ \ " +Leave +.i Mail +without updating the system mailbox or the file your were reading. +Thus, if you accidentally delete several messages, you can use +.b exit +to avoid scrambling your mailbox. +\fBExit\fP can be abbreviated to \fBex\fP or \fBx\fP. +.ip "\fBfile\fP\ \ " +The same as +.b folder . +\fBFile\fP can be abbreviated to \fBfi\fP. +.ip "\fBfolders\fP\ \ " +List the names of the folders in your folder directory. +.ip "\fBfolder\fP\ \ " +The +.b folder +command switches to a new mail file or folder. With no arguments, it +tells you which file you are currently reading. If you give +it an argument, it will write out changes (such as deletions) +you have made in the current file and read the new file. +Some special conventions are recognized for the name: +.(b +.TS +center; +c c +l a. +Name Meaning +_ +# Previous file read +% Your system mailbox +%name \fIName\fP's system mailbox +& Your ~/mbox file ++folder A file in your folder directory +.TE +.)b +\fBFolder\fP can be abbreviated to \fBfo\fP. +.ip "\fBfrom\fP\ \ " +The +.b from +command takes a list of messages and prints out the header lines for each one; +hence +.(l +from joe +.)l +is the easy way to display all the message headers from \*(lqjoe.\*(rq +\fBFrom\fP can be abbreviated to \fBf\fP. +.ip "\fBheaders\fP\ \ " +When you start up +.i Mail +to read your mail, it lists the message headers that you have. +These headers tell you who each message is from, when they were +received, how many lines and characters each message is, and the +.q "Subject:" +header field of each message, if present. In addition, +.i Mail +tags the message header of each message that has been the object +of the +.b preserve +command with a +.q P. +Messages that have been +.b saved +or +.b written +are flagged with a +.q *. +Finally, +.b deleted +messages are not printed at all. If you wish to reprint the current +list of message headers, you can do so with the +.b headers +command. The +.b headers +command (and thus the initial header listing) +only lists the first so many message headers. +The number of headers listed depends on the speed of your +terminal. +This can be overridden by specifying the number of headers you +want with the +.i window +option. +.i Mail +maintains a notion of the current +.q window +into your messages for the purposes of printing headers. +Use the +.b z +command to move forward and back a window. +You can move +.i Mail's +notion of the current window directly to a particular message by +using, for example, +.(l +headers 40 +.)l +to move +.i Mail's +attention to the messages around message 40. +If a ``+'' argument is given, then the next screenful of message headers is +printed, and if a ``\-'' argument is given, the previous screenful of message +headers is printed. +\fBHeaders\fP can be abbreviated to \fBh\fP. +.ip "\fBhelp\fP\ \ " +Print a brief and usually out of date help message about the commands +in +.i Mail . +The +.i man +page for +.i mail +is usually more up-to-date than either the help message or this manual. +It is also a synonym for \fB?\fP. +.ip "\fBhold\fP\ \ " +Arrange to hold a list of messages in the system mailbox, instead +of moving them to the file +.i mbox +in your home directory. If you set the binary option +.i hold , +this will happen by default. +It does not override the \fBdelete\fP command. +\fBHold\fP can be abbreviated to \fBho\fP. +.ip "\fBif\fP\ \ " +Commands in your +.q .mailrc +file can be executed conditionally depending on whether you are +sending or receiving mail with the +.b if +command. For example, you can do: +.(l +if receive + \fIcommands\fP... +endif +.)l +An +.b else +form is also available: +.(l +if send + \fIcommands\fP... +else + \fIcommands\fP... +endif +.)l +Note that the only allowed conditions are +.b receive +and +.b send . +.ip "\fBignore\fP \ \ " +.b N.B.: +.i Ignore +has been superseded by +.i retain. +.br +Add the list of header fields named to the +.i "ignore list" . +Header fields in the ignore list are not printed on your +terminal when you print a message. This allows you to suppress +printing of certain machine-generated header fields, such as +.i Via +which are not usually of interest. The +.b Type +and +.b Print +commands can be used to print a message in its entirety, including +ignored fields. +If +.b ignore +is executed with no arguments, it lists the current set of ignored fields. +.ip "\fBlist\fP\ \ " +List the valid +.i Mail +commands. +\fBList\fP can be abbreviated to \fBl\fP. +.\".ip \fBlocal\fP +.\"Define a list of local names for this host. This command is useful +.\"when the host is known by more than one name. Names in the list +.\"may be qualified be the domain of the host. The first name on the local +.\"list is the +.\".i distinguished +.\"name of the host. +.\"The names on the local list are used by +.\".i Mail +.\"to decide which addresses are local to the host. +.\"For example: +.\".(l +.\"local ucbarpa.BERKELEY.ARPA arpa.BERKELEY.ARPA \\ +.\" arpavax.BERKELEY.ARPA r.BERKELEY.ARPA \\ +.\" ucb-arpa.ARPA +.\".)l +.\"From this list we see that +.\".i "fred@ucbarpa.BERKELEY.ARPA", +.\".i "harold@arpa.BERKELEY", +.\"and +.\".i "larry@r" +.\"are all addresses of users on the local host. +.\"The +.\".b local +.\"command is usually not used be general users since it is designed for +.\"local configuration; it is usually found in the file /etc/mail.rc. +.ip "\fBmail\fP\ \ " +Send mail to one or more people. If you have the +.i ask +option set, +.i Mail +will prompt you for a subject to your message. Then you +can type in your message, using tilde escapes as described in +section 4 to edit, print, or modify your message. To signal your +satisfaction with the message and send it, type control-d at the +beginning of a line, or a . alone on a line if you set the option +.i dot . +To abort the message, type two interrupt characters (\s-2RUBOUT\s0 +by default) in a row or use the +.b ~q +escape. +The \fBmail\fP command can be abbreviated to \fBm\fP. +.ip "\fBmbox\fP\ \ " +Indicate that a list of messages be sent to +.i mbox +in your home directory when you quit. This is the default +action for messages if you do +.i not +have the +.i hold +option set. +.ip "\fBnext\fP or \fB+\fP\ \ " +The +.b next +command goes to the next message and types it. If given a message list, +.b next +goes to the first such message and types it. Thus, +.(l +next root +.)l +goes to the next message sent by +.q root +and types it. The +.b next +command can be abbreviated to simply a newline, which means that one +can go to and type a message by simply giving its message number or +one of the magic characters +.q "^" +.q "." +or +.q "$". +Thus, +.(l +\&. +.)l +prints the current message and +.(l +4 +.)l +prints message 4, as described previously. +\fBNext\fP can be abbreviated to \fBn\fP. +.ip "\fBpreserve\fP\ \ " +Same as +.b hold . +Cause a list of messages to be held in your system mailbox when you quit. +\fBPreserve\fP can be abbreviated to \fBpre\fP. +.ip "\fBprint\fP\ \ " +Print the specified messages. If the +.b crt +variable is set, messages longer than the number of lines it indicates +are paged through the command specified by the \fBPAGER\fP variable. +The \fBprint\fP command can be abbreviated to \fBp\fP. +.ip "\fBquit\fP\ \ " +Terminates the session, saving all undeleted, unsaved and unwritten messages +in the user's \fImbox\fP file in their login directory +(messages marked as having been read), preserving all +messages marked with \fBhold\fP or \fBpreserve\fP or never referenced +in their system mailbox. +Any messages that were deleted, saved, written or saved to \fImbox\fP are +removed from their system mailbox. +If new mail has arrived during the session, the message +``You have new mail'' is given. If given while editing a mailbox file +with the \fB\-f\fP flag, then the edit file is rewritten. +A return to the Shell is effected, unless the rewrite of edit file fails, +in which case the user can escape with the \fBexit\fP command. +\fBQuit\fP can be abbreviated to \fBq\fP. +.ip "\fBreply\fP or \fBrespond\fP\ \ " +Frame a reply to a single message. +The reply will be sent to the +person who sent you the message (to which you are replying), plus all +the people who received the original message, except you. You can +add people using the \fB~t\fP, \fB~c\fP and \fB~b\fP +tilde escapes. The subject in your reply is formed by prefacing the +subject in the original message with +.q "Re:" +unless it already began thus. +If the original message included a +.q "reply-to" +header field, the reply will go +.i only +to the recipient named by +.q "reply-to." +You type in your message using the same conventions available to you +through the +.b mail +command. +The \fBreply\fP (and \fBrespond\fP) command can be abbreviated to \fBr\fP. +.ip "\fBretain\fP\ \ " +Add the list of header fields named to the \fIretained list\fP. +Only the header fields in the retain list +are shown on your terminal when you print a message. +All other header fields are suppressed. +The +.b Type +and +.b Print +commands can be used to print a message in its entirety. +If +.b retain +is executed with no arguments, it lists the current set of +retained fields. +.ip "\fBsave\fP\ \ " +It is often useful to be able to save messages on related topics +in a file. The +.b save +command gives you the ability to do this. The +.b save +command takes as an argument a list of message numbers, followed by +the name of the file in which to save the messages. The messages +are appended to the named file, thus allowing one to keep several +messages in the file, stored in the order they were put there. +The filename in quotes, followed by the line +count and character count is echoed on the user's terminal. +An example of the +.b save +command relative to our running example is: +.(l +s 1 2 tuitionmail +.)l +.b Saved +messages are not automatically saved in +.i mbox +at quit time, nor are they selected by the +.b next +command described above, unless explicitly specified. +\fBSave\fP can be abbreviated to \fBs\fP. +.ip "\fBset\fP\ \ " +Set an option or give an option a value. Used to customize +.i Mail . +Section 5.3 contains a list of the options. Options can be +.i binary , +in which case they are +.i on +or +.i off , +or +.i valued . +To set a binary option +.i option +.i on , +do +.(l +set option +.)l +To give the valued option +.i option +the value +.i value , +do +.(l +set option=value +.)l +There must be no space before or after the ``='' sign. +If no arguments are given, all variable values are printed. +Several options can be specified in a single +.b set +command. +\fBSet\fP can be abbreviated to \fBse\fP. +.ip "\fBshell\fP\ \ " +The +.b shell +command allows you to +escape to the shell. +.b Shell +invokes an interactive shell and allows you to type commands to it. +When you leave the shell, you will return to +.i Mail . +The shell used is a default assumed by +.i Mail ; +you can override this default by setting the valued option +.q SHELL, +eg: +.(l +set SHELL=/bin/csh +.)l +\fBShell\fP can be abbreviated to \fBsh\fP. +.ip "\fBsize\fP\ \ " +Takes a message list and prints out the size in characters of each +message. +.ip "\fBsource\fP\ \ " +The +.b source +command reads +.i mail +commands from a file. It is useful when you are trying to fix your +.q .mailrc +file and you need to re-read it. +\fBSource\fP can be abbreviated to \fBso\fP. +.ip "\fBtop\fP\ \ " +The +.b top +command takes a message list and prints the first five lines +of each addressed message. +If you wish, you can change the number of lines that +.b top +prints out by setting the valued option +.q "toplines." +On a CRT terminal, +.(l +set toplines=10 +.)l +might be preferred. +\fBTop\fP can be abbreviated to \fBto\fP. +.ip "\fBtype\fP\ \ " +Same as \fBprint\fP. +Takes a message list and types out each message on the terminal. +The \fBtype\fP command can be abbreviated to \fBt\fP. +.ip "\fBundelete\fP \ \" +Takes a message list and marks each message as \fInot\fP +being deleted. +\fBUndelete\fP can be abbreviated to \fBu\fP. +.ip "\fBunread\fP\ \ " +Takes a message list and marks each message as +.i not +having been read. +\fBUnread\fP can be abbreviated to \fBU\fP. +.ip "\fBunset\fP\ \ " +Takes a list of option names and discards their remembered values; +the inverse of \fBset\fP . +.ip "\fBvisual\fP\ \ " +It is often useful to be able to invoke one of two editors, +based on the type of terminal one is using. To invoke +a display oriented editor, you can use the +.b visual +command. The operation of the +.b visual +command is otherwise identical to that of the +.b edit +command. +.ne 2v+\n(psu +.sp \n(psu +Both the +.b edit +and +.b visual +commands assume some default text editors. These default editors +can be overridden by the valued options +.q EDITOR +and +.q VISUAL +for the standard and screen editors. You might want to do: +.(l +set EDITOR=/usr/bin/ex VISUAL=/usr/bin/vi +.)l +\fBVisual\fP can be abbreviated to \fBv\fP. +.ip "\fBwrite\fP\ \ " +The +.b save +command always writes the entire message, including the headers, +into the file. If you want to write just the message itself, you +can use the +.b write +command. The +.b write +command has the same syntax as the +.b save +command, and can be abbreviated to simply +.b w . +Thus, we could write the second message by doing: +.(l +w 2 file.c +.)l +As suggested by this example, the +.b write +command is useful for such tasks as sending and receiving +source program text over the message system. +The filename in quotes, followed by the line +count and character count is echoed on the user's terminal. +.ip "\fBz\fP\ \ " +.i Mail +presents message headers in windowfuls as described under +the +.b headers +command. +You can move +.i Mail's +attention forward to the next window by giving the +.(l +z+ +.)l +command. Analogously, you can move to the previous window with: +.(l +z\- +.)l +.sh 2 "Custom options" +.pp +Throughout this manual, we have seen examples of binary and valued options. +This section describes each of the options in alphabetical order, including +some that you have not seen yet. +To avoid confusion, please note that the options are either +all lower case letters or all upper case letters. When I start a sentence +such as: +.q "Ask" +causes +.i Mail +to prompt you for a subject header, +I am only capitalizing +.q ask +as a courtesy to English. +.ip "\fBEDITOR\fP\ \ " +The valued option +.q EDITOR +defines the pathname of the text editor to be used in the +.b edit +command and ~e. If not defined, a standard editor is used. +.ip "\fBPAGER\fP\ \ " +Pathname of the program to use for paginating output when +it exceeds \fIcrt\fP lines. +A default paginator is used if this option is not defined. +.ip "\fBSHELL\fP\ \ " +The valued option +.q SHELL +gives the path name of your shell. This shell is used for the +.b ! +command and ~! escape. In addition, this shell expands +file names with shell metacharacters like * and ? in them. +.ip "\fBVISUAL\fP\ \ " +The valued option +.q VISUAL +defines the pathname of the screen editor to be used in the +.b visual +command +and ~v escape. A standard screen editor is used if you do not define one. +.ip "\fBappend\fP\ \ " +The +.q append +option is binary and +causes messages saved in +.i mbox +to be appended to the end rather than prepended. +Normally, \fIMail\fP will put messages in \fImbox\fP +in the same order that the system puts messages in your system mailbox. +By setting +.q append, +you are requesting that +.i mbox +be appended to regardless. It is in any event quicker to append. +.ip "\fBask\fP\ \ " +.q "Ask" +is a binary option which +causes +.i Mail +to prompt you for the subject of each message you send. +If you respond with simply a newline, no subject field will be sent. +.ip "\fBaskcc\fP\ \ " +.q Askcc +is a binary option which +causes you to be prompted for additional carbon copy recipients at the +end of each message. Responding with a newline shows your +satisfaction with the current list. +.ip "\fBautoprint\fP\ \ " +.q Autoprint +is a binary option which +causes the +.b delete +command to behave like +.b dp +\*- thus, after deleting a message, the next one will be typed +automatically. This is useful when quickly scanning and deleting +messages in your mailbox. +.ip "\fBcrt\fP \ \ " +The valued option +.q crt +is used as a threshold to determine how long a message must +be before +.b PAGER +is used to read it. +.ip "\fBdebug\fP \ \ " +The binary option +.q debug +causes debugging information to be displayed. Use of this +option is the same as using the \fB\-d\fP command line flag. +.ip "\fBdot\fP\ \ " +.q Dot +is a binary option which, if set, causes +.i Mail +to interpret a period alone on a line as the terminator +of the message you are sending. +.ip "\fBescape\fP\ \ " +To allow you to change the escape character used when sending +mail, you can set the valued option +.q escape. +Only the first character of the +.q escape +option is used, and it must be doubled if it is to appear as +the first character of a line of your message. If you change your escape +character, then ~ loses all its special meaning, and need no longer be doubled +at the beginning of a line. +.ip "\fBfolder\fP\ \ " +The name of the directory to use for storing folders of messages. +If this name begins with a `/' +.i Mail +considers it to be an absolute pathname; otherwise, the folder directory +is found relative to your home directory. +.ip "\fBhold\fP\ \ " +The binary option +.q hold +causes messages that have been read but not manually dealt with +to be held in the system mailbox. This prevents such messages from +being automatically swept into your \fImbox\fP file. +.ip "\fBignore\fP\ \ " +The binary option +.q ignore +causes \s-2RUBOUT\s0 characters from your terminal to be ignored and echoed +as @'s while you are sending mail. \s-2RUBOUT\s0 characters retain their +original meaning in +.i Mail +command mode. +Setting the +.q ignore +option is equivalent to supplying the +.b \-i +flag on the command line as described in section 6. +.ip "\fBignoreeof\fP\ \ " +An option related to +.q dot +is +.q ignoreeof +which makes +.i Mail +refuse to accept a control\-d as the end of a message. +.q Ignoreeof +also applies to +.i Mail +command mode. +.ip "\fBkeep\fP\ \ " +The +.q keep +option causes +.i Mail +to truncate your system mailbox instead of deleting it when it +is empty. This is useful if you elect to protect your mailbox, which +you would do with the shell command: +.(l +chmod 600 /var/mail/yourname +.)l +where +.i yourname +is your login name. If you do not do this, anyone can probably read +your mail, although people usually don't. +.ip "\fBkeepsave\fP\ \ " +When you +.b save +a message, +.i Mail +usually discards it when you +.b quit . +To retain all saved messages, set the +.q keepsave +option. +.ip "\fBmetoo\fP\ \ " +When sending mail to an alias, +.i Mail +makes sure that if you are included in the alias, that mail will not +be sent to you. This is useful if a single alias is being used by +all members of the group. If however, you wish to receive a copy of +all the messages you send to the alias, you can set the binary option +.q metoo. +.ip "\fBnoheader\fP\ \ " +The binary option +.q noheader +suppresses the printing of the version and headers when +.i Mail +is first invoked. Setting this option is the same as using +.b \-N +on the command line. +.ip "\fBnosave\fP\ \ " +Normally, +when you abort a message with two \s-2RUBOUTs\s0, +.i Mail +copies the partial letter to the file +.q dead.letter +in your home directory. Setting the binary option +.q nosave +prevents this. +.ip "\fBReplyall\fP\ \ " +Reverses the sense of +.i reply +and +.i Reply +commands. +.ip "\fBquiet\fP\ \ " +The binary option +.q quiet +suppresses the printing of the version when +.i Mail +is first invoked, +as well as printing the for example +.q "Message 4:" +from the +.b type +command. +.ip "\fBrecord\fP\ \ " +If you love to keep records, then the +valued option +.q record +can be set to the name of a file to save your outgoing mail. +Each new message you send is appended to the end of the file. +.ip "\fBscreen\fP\ \ " +When +.i Mail +initially prints the message headers, it determines the number to +print by looking at the speed of your terminal. The faster your +terminal, the more it prints. +The valued option +.q screen +overrides this calculation and +specifies how many message headers you want printed. +This number is also used for scrolling with the +.b z +command. +.ip "\fBsendmail\fP\ \ " +To use an alternate mail delivery system, set the +.q sendmail +option to the full pathname of the program to use. Note: this is not +for everyone! Most people should use the default delivery system. +.ip "\fBtoplines\fP\ \ " +The valued option +.q toplines +defines the number of lines that the +.q top +command will print out instead of the default five lines. +.ip "\fBverbose\fP\ \ " +The binary option "verbose" causes +.i Mail +to invoke sendmail with the +.b \-v +flag, which causes it to go into verbose mode and announce expansion +of aliases, etc. Setting the "verbose" option is equivalent to +invoking +.i Mail +with the +.b \-v +flag as described in section 6. diff --git a/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail6.nr b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail6.nr new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0465a94 --- /dev/null +++ b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail6.nr @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" @(#)mail6.nr 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93 +.\" +.bp +.sh 1 "Command line options" +.pp +This section describes command line options for +.i Mail +and what they are used for. +.ip \-N +Suppress the initial printing of headers. +.ip \-d +Turn on debugging information. Not of general interest. +.ip "\-f file\ \ " +Show the messages in +.i file +instead of your system mailbox. If +.i file +is omitted, +.i Mail +reads +.i mbox +in your home directory. +.ip \-i +Ignore tty interrupt signals. Useful on noisy phone lines, which +generate spurious RUBOUT or DELETE characters. It's usually +more effective to change your interrupt character to control\-c, +for which see the +.i stty +shell command. +.ip \-n +Inhibit reading of /etc/mail.rc. Not generally useful, since +/etc/mail.rc is usually empty. +.ip "\-s string" +Used for sending mail. +.i String +is used as the subject of the message being composed. If +.i string +contains blanks, you must surround it with quote marks. +.ip "\-u name" +Read +.i names's +mail instead of your own. Unwitting others often neglect to protect +their mailboxes, but discretion is advised. Essentially, +.b "\-u user" +is a shorthand way of doing +.b "\-f /var/mail/user". +.ip "\-v" +Use the +.b \-v +flag when invoking sendmail. This feature may also be enabled +by setting the the option "verbose". +.pp +The following command line flags are also recognized, but are +intended for use by programs invoking +.i Mail +and not for people. +.ip "\-T file" +Arrange to print on +.i file +the contents of the +.i article-id +fields of all messages that were either read or deleted. +.b \-T +is for the +.i readnews +program and should NOT be used for reading your mail. +.ip "\-h number" +Pass on hop count information. +.i Mail +will take the number, increment it, and pass it with +.b \-h +to the mail delivery system. +.b \-h +only has effect when sending mail and is used for network mail +forwarding. +.ip "\-r name" +Used for network mail forwarding: interpret +.i name +as the sender of the message. The +.i name +and +.b \-r +are simply sent along to the mail delivery system. Also, +.i Mail +will wait for the message to be sent and return the exit status. +Also restricts formatting of message. +.pp +Note that +.b \-h +and +.b \-r , +which are for network mail forwarding, are not used in practice +since mail forwarding is now handled separately. They may +disappear soon. diff --git a/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail7.nr b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail7.nr new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b2590b --- /dev/null +++ b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail7.nr @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" @(#)mail7.nr 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93 +.\" +.sh 1 "Format of messages" +.pp +This section describes the format of messages. +Messages begin with a +.i from +line, which consists of the word +.q From +followed by a user name, followed by anything, followed by +a date in the format returned by the +.i ctime +library routine described in section 3 of the Unix Programmer's +Manual. A possible +.i ctime +format date is: +.(l +Tue Dec 1 10:58:23 1981 +.)l +The +.i ctime +date may be optionally followed by a single space and a +time zone indication, which +should be three capital letters, such as PDT. +.pp +Following the +.i from +line are zero or more +.i "header field" +lines. +Each header field line is of the form: +.(l +name: information +.)l +.i Name +can be anything, but only certain header fields are recognized as +having any meaning. The recognized header fields are: +.i article-id , +.i bcc , +.i cc , +.i from , +.i reply-to , +.i sender , +.i subject , +and +.i to . +Other header fields are also significant to other systems; see, +for example, the current Arpanet message standard for much more +information on this topic. +A header field can be continued onto following lines by making the +first character on the following line a space or tab character. +.pp +If any headers are present, they must be followed by a blank line. +The part that follows is called the +.i body +of the message, and must be ASCII text, not containing null characters. +Each line in the message body must be no longer than 512 characters and +terminated with an ASCII newline character. +If binary data must be passed through the mail system, it is suggested +that this data be encoded in a system which encodes six bits into +a printable character (i.e.: uuencode). +For example, one could use the upper and lower case letters, the digits, +and the characters comma and period to make up the 64 characters. +Then, one can send a 16-bit binary number +as three characters. These characters should be packed into lines, +preferably lines about 70 characters long as long lines are transmitted +more efficiently. +.pp +The message delivery system always adds a blank line to the end of +each message. This blank line must not be deleted. +.pp +The UUCP message delivery system sometimes adds a blank line to +the end of a message each time it is forwarded through a machine. +.pp +It should be noted that some network transport protocols enforce +limits to the lengths of messages. diff --git a/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail8.nr b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail8.nr new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b09afbd --- /dev/null +++ b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail8.nr @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" @(#)mail8.nr 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93 +.\" +.bp +.sh 1 "Glossary" +.pp +This section contains the definitions of a few phrases +peculiar to +.i Mail . +.ip "\fIalias\fP" +An alternative name for a person or list of people. +.ip "\fIflag\fP" +An option, given on the command line of +.i Mail , +prefaced with a \-. For example, +.b \-f +is a flag. +.ip "\fIheader field\fP" +At the beginning of a message, a line which contains information +that is part of the structure of the message. Popular header fields +include +.i to , +.i cc , +and +.i subject . +.ip "\fImail\ \ \fP" +A collection of messages. Often used in the phrase, +.q "Have you read your mail?" +.ip "\fImailbox\fP" +The place where your mail is stored, typically in the directory +/var/mail. +.ip "\fImessage\fP" +A single letter from someone, initially stored in your +.i mailbox . +.ip "\fImessage list\fP" +A string used in +.i Mail +command mode to describe a sequence of messages. +.ip "\fIoption\fP" +A piece of special purpose information used to tailor +.i Mail +to your taste. +Options are specified with the +.b set +command. diff --git a/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail9.nr b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail9.nr new file mode 100644 index 0000000..271548e --- /dev/null +++ b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/mail9.nr @@ -0,0 +1,203 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" @(#)mail9.nr 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93 +.\" +.bp +.sh 1 "Summary of commands, options, and escapes" +.pp +This section gives a quick summary of the +.i Mail +commands, binary and valued options, and tilde escapes. +.pp +The following table describes the commands: +.TS +center ; +c ci +lb l. +Command Description +_ ++ Same as \fBnext\fP +- Back up to previous message +? Print brief summary of \fIMail\fP commands +! Single command escape to shell +Print Type message with ignored fields +Reply Reply to author of message only +Respond Same as \fBReply\fP +Type Type message with ignored fields +alias Define an alias as a set of user names +alternates List other names you are known by +chdir Change working directory, home by default +copy Copy a message to a file or folder +delete Delete a list of messages +dp Same as \fBdt\fP +dt Delete current message, type next message +edit Edit a list of messages +else Start of else part of conditional; see \fBif\fP +endif End of conditional statement; see \fBif\fP +exit Leave mail without changing anything +file Interrogate/change current mail file +folder Same as \fBfile\fP +folders List the folders in your folder directory +from List headers of a list of messages +headers List current window of messages +help Same as \fB?\fP +hold Same as \fBpreserve\fP +if Conditional execution of \fIMail\fP commands +ignore Set/examine list of ignored header fields +list List valid \fIMail\fP commands +local List other names for the local host +mail Send mail to specified names +mbox Arrange to save a list of messages in \fImbox\fP +next Go to next message and type it +preserve Arrange to leave list of messages in system mailbox +print Print messages +quit Leave \fIMail\fP; update system mailbox, \fImbox\fP as appropriate +reply Compose a reply to a message +respond Same as \fBreply\fP +retain Supersedes \fBignore\fP +save Append messages, headers included, on a file +set Set binary or valued options +shell Invoke an interactive shell +size Prints out size of message list +source Read \fImail\fP commands from a file +top Print first so many (5 by default) lines of list of messages +type Same as \fBprint\fP +undelete Undelete list of messages +unread Marks list of messages as not been read +unset Undo the operation of a \fBset\fP +visual Invoke visual editor on a list of messages +write Append messages to a file, don't include headers +xit Same as \fBexit\fP +z Scroll to next/previous screenful of headers +.TE +.bp +.(b +.pp +The following table describes the options. Each option is +shown as being either a binary or valued option. +.TS +center; +c ci ci +l ci l. +Option Type Description +_ +EDITOR valued Pathname of editor for ~e and \fBedit\fP +PAGER valued Pathname of paginator for \fBPrint\fP, \fBprint\fP, \fBType\fP and \fBtype\fP +SHELL valued Pathname of shell for \fBshell\fP, ~! and \fB!\fP +VISUAL valued Pathname of screen editor for ~v, \fBvisual\fP +append binary Always append messages to end of \fImbox\fP +ask binary Prompt user for Subject: field when sending +askcc binary Prompt user for additional Cc's at end of message +autoprint binary Print next message after \fBdelete\fP +crt valued Minimum number of lines before using \fBPAGER\fP +debug binary Print out debugging information +dot binary Accept . alone on line to terminate message input +escape valued Escape character to be used instead of\ \ ~ +folder valued Directory to store folders in +hold binary Hold messages in system mailbox by default +ignore binary Ignore \s-2RUBOUT\s0 while sending mail +ignoreeof binary Don't terminate letters/command input with \fB\(uaD\fP +keep binary Don't unlink system mailbox when empty +keepsave binary Don't delete \fBsave\fPd messages by default +metoo binary Include sending user in aliases +noheader binary Suppress initial printing of version and headers +nosave binary Don't save partial letter in \fIdead.letter\fP +quiet binary Suppress printing of \fIMail\fP version and message numbers +record valued File to save all outgoing mail in +screen valued Size of window of message headers for \fBz\fP, etc. +sendmail valued Choose alternate mail delivery system +toplines valued Number of lines to print in \fBtop\fP +verbose binary Invoke sendmail with the \fB\-v\fP flag +.TE +.)b +.(b +.pp +The following table summarizes the tilde escapes available +while sending mail. +.TS +center; +c ci ci +l li l. +Escape Arguments Description +_ +~! command Execute shell command +~b name ... Add names to "blind" Cc: list +~c name ... Add names to Cc: field +~d Read \fIdead.letter\fP into message +~e Invoke text editor on partial message +~f messages Read named messages +~h Edit the header fields +~m messages Read named messages, right shift by tab +~p Print message entered so far +~q Abort entry of letter; like \s-2RUBOUT\s0 +~r filename Read file into message +~s string Set Subject: field to \fIstring\fP +~t name ... Add names to To: field +~v Invoke screen editor on message +~w filename Write message on file +~| command Pipe message through \fIcommand\fP +~: Mail command Execute a \fIMail\fP command +~~ string Quote a ~ in front of \fIstring\fP +.TE +.)b +.(b +.pp +The following table shows the command line flags that +.i Mail +accepts: +.TS +center; +c c +l a. +Flag Description +_ +\-N Suppress the initial printing of headers +\-T \fIfile\fP Article-id's of read/deleted messages to \fIfile\fP +\-d Turn on debugging +\-f \fIfile\fP Show messages in \fIfile\fP or \fI~/mbox\fP +\-h \fInumber\fP Pass on hop count for mail forwarding +\-i Ignore tty interrupt signals +\-n Inhibit reading of /etc/mail.rc +\-r \fIname\fP Pass on \fIname\fP for mail forwarding +\-s \fIstring\fP Use \fIstring\fP as subject in outgoing mail +\-u \fIname\fP Read \fIname's\fP mail instead of your own +\-v Invoke sendmail with the \fB\-v\fP flag +.TE +.)b +.lp +Notes: +.b \-T , +.b \-d , +.b \-h , +and +.b \-r +are not for human use. diff --git a/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/maila.nr b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/maila.nr new file mode 100644 index 0000000..84b01fe --- /dev/null +++ b/mail_cmds/mail/USD.doc/maila.nr @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" @(#)maila.nr 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93 +.\" |