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diff --git a/text_cmds/cat/cat.1 b/text_cmds/cat/cat.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..892c990 --- /dev/null +++ b/text_cmds/cat/cat.1 @@ -0,0 +1,201 @@ +.\"- +.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by +.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" @(#)cat.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 5/2/95 +.\" $FreeBSD: src/bin/cat/cat.1,v 1.25 2005/01/16 16:41:55 ru Exp $ +.\" +.Dd March 21, 2004 +.Dt CAT 1 +.Os +.Sh NAME +.Nm cat +.Nd concatenate and print files +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl benstuv +.Op Ar +.Sh DESCRIPTION +The +.Nm +utility reads files sequentially, writing them to the standard output. +The +.Ar file +operands are processed in command-line order. +If +.Ar file +is a single dash +.Pq Sq \&- +or absent, +.Nm +reads from the standard input. +If +.Ar file +is a +.Ux +domain socket, +.Nm +connects to it and then reads it until +.Dv EOF . +This complements the +.Ux +domain binding capability available in +.Xr inetd 8 . +.Pp +The options are as follows: +.Bl -tag -width indent +.It Fl b +Number the non-blank output lines, starting at 1. +.It Fl e +Display non-printing characters (see the +.Fl v +option), and display a dollar sign +.Pq Ql \&$ +at the end of each line. +.It Fl n +Number the output lines, starting at 1. +.It Fl s +Squeeze multiple adjacent empty lines, causing the output to be +single spaced. +.It Fl t +Display non-printing characters (see the +.Fl v +option), and display tab characters as +.Ql ^I . +.It Fl u +Disable output buffering. +.It Fl v +Display non-printing characters so they are visible. +Control characters print as +.Ql ^X +for control-X; the delete +character (octal 0177) prints as +.Ql ^? . +.Pf Non- Tn ASCII +characters (with the high bit set) are printed as +.Ql M- +(for meta) followed by the character for the low 7 bits. +.El +.Sh EXIT STATUS +.Ex -std +.Sh EXAMPLES +The command: +.Pp +.Dl "cat file1" +.Pp +will print the contents of +.Ar file1 +to the standard output. +.Pp +The command: +.Pp +.Dl "cat file1 file2 > file3" +.Pp +will sequentially print the contents of +.Ar file1 +and +.Ar file2 +to the file +.Ar file3 , +truncating +.Ar file3 +if it already exists. +See the manual page for your shell (i.e., +.Xr sh 1 ) +for more information on redirection. +.Pp +The command: +.Pp +.Dl "cat file1 - file2 - file3" +.Pp +will print the contents of +.Ar file1 , +print data it receives from the standard input until it receives an +.Dv EOF +.Pq Sq ^D +character, print the contents of +.Ar file2 , +read and output contents of the standard input again, then finally output +the contents of +.Ar file3 . +Note that if the standard input referred to a file, the second dash +on the command-line would have no effect, since the entire contents of the file +would have already been read and printed by +.Nm +when it encountered the first +.Ql \&- +operand. +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr head 1 , +.Xr more 1 , +.Xr pr 1 , +.Xr sh 1 , +.Xr tail 1 , +.Xr vis 1 , +.Xr zcat 1 , +.Xr setbuf 3 +.Rs +.%A Rob Pike +.%T "UNIX Style, or cat -v Considered Harmful" +.%J "USENIX Summer Conference Proceedings" +.%D 1983 +.Re +.Sh STANDARDS +The +.Nm +utility is compliant with the +.St -p1003.2-92 +specification. +.Pp +The flags +.Op Fl benstv +are extensions to the specification. +.Sh HISTORY +A +.Nm +utility appeared in +.At v1 . +.An Dennis Ritchie +designed and wrote the first man page. +It appears to have been +.Xr cat 1 . +.Sh BUGS +Because of the shell language mechanism used to perform output +redirection, the command +.Dq Li cat file1 file2 > file1 +will cause the original data in file1 to be destroyed! +.Pp +The +.Nm +utility does not recognize multibyte characters when the +.Fl t +or +.Fl v +option is in effect. |