-.\" Copyright (c) 1988 Regents of the University of California.
-.\" All rights reserved.
+.\" $NetBSD: sail.6,v 1.8 2002/02/08 01:25:15 ross Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1993
+.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
-.\" from: @(#)sail.6 5.6 (Berkeley) 6/23/90
-.\" $Id: sail.6,v 1.2 1993/08/01 07:46:14 mycroft Exp $
+.\" @(#)sail.6 8.3 (Berkeley) 6/1/94
.\"
-.TH SAIL 6 "June 23, 1990"
+.TH SAIL 6 "June 1, 1994"
.UC 4
.SH NAME
sail \- multi-user wooden ships and iron men
historical sea battles recorded in the game, or they can choose
a fictional battle.
.PP
-As a sea captain in the
+As a sea captain in the
.I Sail
Navy, the player has complete control over the workings of his ship.
He must order every maneuver, change the set of his sails, and judge the
more ships the computer is playing, the slower the game will appear.
.PP
If a player joins a game in progress, he will synchronize
-with the other players (a rather slow process for everyone), and
+with the other players (a rather slow process for everyone), and
then he may play along with the rest.
.PP
To implement a multi-user game in Version 7 UNIX, which was the operating
.I Sail
uses a temporary file named /tmp/#sailsink.21 for scenario 21, and
corresponding file names for the other scenarios. To provide exclusive
-access to the temporary file,
+access to the temporary file,
.I Sail
uses a technique stolen from an old game called "pubcaves" by Jeff Cohen.
Processes do a busy wait in the loop
.br
.sp
.ce 2
- for (n = 0; link(sync_file, sync_lock) < 0 && n < 30; n++)
+ for (n = 0; link(sync_file, sync_lock) \*[Lt] 0 \*[Am]\*[Am] n \*[Lt] 30; n++)
sleep(2);
.br
.sp
until they are able to create a link to a file named "/tmp/#saillock.??".
-The "??" correspond to the scenario number of the game. Since UNIX
+The "??" correspond to the scenario number of the game. Since UNIX
guarantees that a link will point to only one file, the process that succeeds
in linking will have exclusive access to the temporary file.
.PP
delay in moving. Suppose a player types a move for his ship and hits
return. What happens then? The player process saves up messages to
be written to the temporary file in a buffer. Every 7 seconds or so, the
-player process gets exclusive access to the temporary file and writes
+player process gets exclusive access to the temporary file and writes
out its buffer to the file. The driver, running asynchronously, must
read in the movement command, process it, and write out the results. This
-takes two exclusive accesses to the temporary file. Finally, when the player
+takes two exclusive accesses to the temporary file. Finally, when the player
process gets around to doing another 7 second update, the results of the
move are displayed on the screen. Hence, every movement requires four
exclusive accesses to the temporary file (anywhere from 7 to 21 seconds
If the player types several movement commands between two 7 second updates,
only the last movement command typed will be seen by the driver. Movement
commands within the same update "overwrite" each other, in a sense.
-.SH THE HISTORY OF SAIL
+.SH THE HISTORY OF SAIL
I wrote the first version of
.I Sail
on a PDP 11/70 in the fall of 1980. Needless to say, the code was horrendous,
1981. There were several annoying bugs concerning firing broadsides and
finding angles.
.I Sail
-uses no floating point, by the way, so the direction routines are rather
+uses no floating point, by the way, so the direction routines are rather
tricky.
Ed Wang rewrote my angle() routine in 1981 to be more correct (although
it still doesn't work perfectly), and he added code to let a player select
commands and find ship commands.
.SH HISTORICAL INFO
Old Square Riggers were very maneuverable ships capable of intricate
-sailing. Their only disadvantage was an inability to sail very
+sailing. Their only disadvantage was an inability to sail very
close to the wind. The design of a wooden ship allowed only for the
guns to bear to the left and right sides. A few guns of small
aspect (usually 6 or 9 pounders) could point forward, but their
effect was small compared to a 68 gun broadside of 24 or 32 pounders.
The guns bear approximately like so:
+.ne 1i
.nf
\\
.PP
The period of history covered in
.I Sail
-is approximately from the 1770's until the end of Napoleanic France in 1815.
+is approximately from the 1770's until the end of Napoleonic France in 1815.
There are many excellent books about the age of sail. My favorite author
is Captain Frederick Marryat. More contemporary authors include C.S. Forester
and Alexander Kent.
were so named because these ships fought together in great lines. They were
close enough for mutual support, yet every ship could fire both its broadsides.
We get the modern words "ocean liner," or "liner," and "battleship" from
-"ship of the line." The most common size was the the 74 gun two decked
+"ship of the line." The most common size was the 74 gun two decked
ship of the line. The two gun decks usually mounted 18 and 24 pounder guns.
.PP
The pride of the fleet were the first rates. These were huge three decked
Lastly, there were the corvettes, sloops, and brigs. These were smaller
ships mounting typically fewer than 20 guns. A corvette was only slightly
smaller than a frigate, so one might have up to 30 guns. Sloops were used
-for carrying dispatches or passengers. Brigs were something you built for
+for carrying dispatches or passengers. Brigs were something you built for
land-locked lakes.
.SH SAIL PARTICULARS
Ships in
and numbers. The first ship of a nationality is number 0, the second
number 1, etc. Therefore, the first British ship in a game would be
printed as "b0". The second Brit would be "b1", and the fifth Don
-would be "s4".
+would be "s4".
.PP
Ships can set normal sails, called Battle Sails, or bend on extra canvas
called Full Sails. A ship under full sail is a beautiful sight indeed,
Captured ships become the nationality of the prize crew. Therefore, if
an American ship captures a British ship, the British ship will have an
"a" printed for its nationality. In addition, the ship number is changed
-to "&","'", "(", ,")", "*", or "+" depending upon the original number,
+to "\*[Am]","'", "(", ,")", "*", or "+" depending upon the original number,
be it 0,1,2,3,4, or 5. E.g., the "b0" captured by an American becomes the
-"a&". The "s4" captured by a Frog becomes the "f*".
+"a\*[Am]". The "s4" captured by a Frog becomes the "f*".
.PP
The ultimate example is, of course, an exploding Brit captured by an
-American: "#&".
+American: "#\*[Am]".
.SH MOVEMENT
-Movement is the most confusing part of
+Movement is the most confusing part of
.I Sail
to many. Ships can head in 8 directions:
.nf
drift, then it must move forward before it turns, if it plans to do
more than make a right or left turn, which is always possible.
.PP
-Movement commands to
+Movement commands to
.I Sail
are a string of forward moves and turns. An example is "l3". It will
turn a ship left and then move it ahead 3 spaces. In the drawing above,
-the "b0" made 7 successive left turns. When
+the "b0" made 7 successive left turns. When
.I Sail
-prompts you for a move, it prints three characters of import. E.g.,
+prompts you for a move, it prints three characters of import. E.g.,
.nf
- move (7, 4):
+ move (7, 4):
.fi
The first number is the maximum number of moves you can make,
including turns. The second number is the maximum number of turns
Because square riggers performed so poorly sailing into the wind, if at
any point in a movement command you turn into the wind, the movement stops
there. E.g.,
+.ne 1i
.nf
move (7, 4): l1l4
full allowance printed in the "move" prompt.
.PP
Old sailing captains had to keep an eye constantly on the wind. Captains
-in
+in
.I Sail
-are no different. A ship's ability to move depends on its attitide to the
+are no different. A ship's ability to move depends on its attitude to the
wind. The best angle possible is to have the wind off your quarter, that is,
just off the stern. The direction rose on the side of the screen gives the
possible movements for your ship at all positions to the wind. Battle
-^-3(6)
/|\\
| 4(7)
- 3(6)
+ 3(6)
.fi
Pretend the bow of your ship (the "^") is pointing upward and the wind is
|
3
+
-
.fi
.PP
The wind speeds are 0 = becalmed, 1 = light breeze, 2 = moderate breeze,
right of the screen.
.SH BOARDING
Boarding was a very costly venture in terms of human life. Boarding parties
-may be formed in
+may be formed in
.I Sail
to either board an enemy ship or to defend your own ship against attack.
Men organized as Defensive Boarding Parties fight twice as hard to save
.SH CREW QUALITY
The British seaman was world renowned for his sailing abilities. American
sailors, however, were actually the best seamen in the world. Because the
-American Navy offered twice the wages of the Royal Navy, British seamen
+American Navy offered twice the wages of the Royal Navy, British seamen
who liked the sea defected to America by the thousands.
.PP
-In
+In
.I Sail,
crew quality is quantized into 5 energy levels. "Elite" crews can outshoot
and outfight all other sailors. "Crack" crews are next. "Mundane" crews
rule of thumb is that "Crack" or "Elite" crews get one extra hit
per broadside compared to "Mundane" crews. Don't expect too much from
"Green" crews.
+.pl -1
.SH BROADSIDES
Your two broadsides may be loaded with four kinds of shot: grape, chain,
round, and double. You have guns and carronades in both the port and starboard
.nf
Load D! R!
- Hull 9
+ Hull 9
Crew 4 4 2
- Guns 4 4
- Carr 2 2
+ Guns 4 4
+ Carr 2 2
Rigg 5 5 5 5
.fi
influence the destructive force of a broadside. First of all, and the chief
factor, is distance. It is harder to hit a ship at range ten than it is
to hit one sloshing alongside. Next is raking. Raking fire, as
-mentioned before,
+mentioned before,
can sometimes dismast a ship at range ten. Next, crew size and quality affects
the damage done by a broadside. The number of guns firing also bears on the
point,
so to speak. Lastly, weather affects the accuracy of a broadside. If the
seas are high (5 or 6), then the lower gunports of ships of the line can't
even be opened to run out the guns. This gives frigates and other flush
-decked vessels an advantage in a storm. The scenario
+decked vessels an advantage in a storm. The scenario
.I Pellew vs. The Droits de L'Homme
takes advantage of this peculiar circumstance.
.SH REPAIRS
two points per three turns. The message "Repairs Completed" will be
printed if no more repairs can be made.
.SH PECULIARITIES OF COMPUTER SHIPS
-Computer ships in
+Computer ships in
.I Sail
follow all the rules above with a few exceptions. Computer ships never
repair damage. If they did, the players could never beat them. They
It seems to work fairly well, although I'll be the first to admit it isn't
perfect.
.SH HOW TO PLAY
-Commands are given to
+Commands are given to
.I Sail
by typing a single character. You will then be prompted for further
input. A brief summary of the commands follows.
-.bp
+.br
.SH COMMAND SUMMARY
.nf
'f' Fire broadsides if they bear
'l' Reload
'L' Unload broadsides (to change ammo)
- 'm' Move
+ 'm' Move
'i' Print the closest ship
'I' Print all ships
'F' Find a particular ship or ships (e.g. "a?" for all Americans)
.fi
.bg
.SH SCENARIOS
-Here is a summary of the scenarios in
+Here is a summary of the scenarios in
.I Sail:
.br
(b) London 98 gun 3 Decker SOL (crack crew) (28 pts)
(b) Royal Oak 74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
(f) Neptune 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
-(f) Duc Bougogne 80 gun 3 Decker SOL (average crew) (27 pts)
+(f) Duc de Bourgogne 80 gun 3 Decker SOL (average crew) (27 pts)
(f) Conquerant 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
(f) Provence 64 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (18 pts)
(f) Romulus 44 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (10 pts)
(f) Turenne 80 gun 3 Decker SOL (average crew) (27 pts)
(f) Nightmare 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
(f) Paris 112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)
-(f) Napolean 74 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (20 pts)
+(f) Napoleon 74 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (20 pts)
.SH Cape Horn:
.nf
Wind from the NE, blowing a strong breeze.
.SH AUTHOR
Dave Riggle
.SH CO-AUTHOR
-Ed Wang
+Ed Wang
.SH REFITTING
Craig Leres
.SH CONSULTANTS
.fi
.SH "REFERENCES"
.nf
-Wooden Ships & Iron Men, by Avalon Hill
+Wooden Ships \*[Am] Iron Men, by Avalon Hill
Captain Horatio Hornblower Novels, (13 of them) by C.S. Forester
Captain Richard Bolitho Novels, (12 of them) by Alexander Kent
The Complete Works of Captain Frederick Marryat, (about 20) especially
git.ckatri.com / bsdgames-darwin.git / blobdiff