Don't cast the return value of calloc().

[bsdgames-darwin.git] / sail / sail.6

diff --git a/sail/sail.6 b/sail/sail.6
index b40c022e97827c3a9d23c7eba2f03f5ee2f7a609..e7d92f90cd277707fc7cf55278762d893c40a433 100644 (file)
--- a/sail/sail.6
+++ b/sail/sail.6
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\"    $NetBSD: sail.6,v 1.13 2003/08/07 09:37:44 agc Exp $
+.\"    $NetBSD: sail.6,v 1.18 2009/03/02 10:16:54 dholland Exp $

 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1993
 .\"    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1993
 .\"    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.


@@ -29,124 +29,117 @@
 .\"
 .\"    @(#)sail.6      8.3 (Berkeley) 6/1/94
 .\"
 .\"
 .\"    @(#)sail.6      8.3 (Berkeley) 6/1/94
 .\"

-.TH SAIL 6 "June 1, 1994"
-.UC 4
-.SH NAME
-sail \- multi-user wooden ships and iron men
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B sail
-[
-.B \-s
-[
-.B \-l
-] ] [
-.B \-x
-] [
-.B \-b
-] [
-.B num
-]
-.br
-.fi
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.I Sail
+.Dd March 2, 2009
+.Dt SAIL 6
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm sail
+.Nd multi-user wooden ships and iron men
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm
+.Op Fl bx
+.Op Fl s Op Fl l
+.Op Ar num
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Nm

 is a computer version of Avalon Hill's game of fighting sail
 originally developed by S. Craig Taylor.
 is a computer version of Avalon Hill's game of fighting sail
 originally developed by S. Craig Taylor.

-.PP
+.Pp

 Players of
 Players of

-.I Sail
-take command of an old fashioned Man of War and fight other
+.Nm
+take command of an old-fashioned Man of War and fight other

 players or the computer.
 They may re-enact one of the many
 historical sea battles recorded in the game, or they can choose
 a fictional battle.
 players or the computer.
 They may re-enact one of the many
 historical sea battles recorded in the game, or they can choose
 a fictional battle.

-.PP
+.Pp

 As a sea captain in the
 As a sea captain in the

-.I Sail
+.Nm Sail

 Navy, the player has complete control over the workings of his ship.
 He must order every maneuver, change the set of his sails, and judge the
 right moment to let loose the terrible destruction of his broadsides.
 In addition to fighting the enemy, he must harness the powers of the wind
 and sea to make them work for him.
 The outcome of many battles during the
 Navy, the player has complete control over the workings of his ship.
 He must order every maneuver, change the set of his sails, and judge the
 right moment to let loose the terrible destruction of his broadsides.
 In addition to fighting the enemy, he must harness the powers of the wind
 and sea to make them work for him.
 The outcome of many battles during the

-age of sail was decided by the ability of one captain to hold the `weather
-gage.'
-.PP
+age of sail was decided by the ability of one captain to hold the
+.Sq weather gage .
+.Pp

 The flags are:
 The flags are:

-.TP
-.B \-s
-Print the names and ships of the top ten sailors.
-.TP
-.B \-l
+.Bl -tag -width flag -compact
+.It Fl b
+No bells.
+.It Fl l

 Show the login name.
 Show the login name.

-Only effective with \fB-s\fP.
-.TP
-.B \-x
+Only effective with
+.Fl s .
+.It Fl s
+Print the names and ships of the top ten sailors.
+.It Fl x

 Play the first available ship instead of prompting for a choice.
 Play the first available ship instead of prompting for a choice.

-.TP
-.B \-b
-No bells.
-.SH IMPLEMENTATION
-.I Sail
-is really two programs in one.
-Each player starts up a process which runs his own ship.
-In addition, a
-.I driver
-process is forked (by the first player) to run the computer ships
-and take care of global bookkeeping.
-.PP
-Because the
-.I driver
-must calculate moves for each ship it controls, the
-more ships the computer is playing, the slower the game will appear.
-.PP
-If a player joins a game in progress, he will synchronize
-with the other players (a rather slow process for everyone), and
-then he may play along with the rest.
-.PP
+.El
+.Sh IMPLEMENTATION
+.Nm
+is a multiplayer game.
+Each player runs
+.Nm
+to either connect to an existing game or start a new one.
+The game server (or
+.Dq driver )
+is an extra fork of the
+.Nm
+program created when a game is started.
+The driver coordinates the game and runs the computer ships.
+.\" .Pp
+.\" Because the
+.\" driver
+.\" must calculate moves for each ship it controls, the
+.\" more ships the computer is playing, the slower the game will appear.
+.Pp
+If a player joins a game in progress, a synchronization process occurs
+.Pq a rather slow process for everyone ,
+and then the game continues.
+.Pp
+Note that while each scenario can be running independently with
+different players, each scenario can also only be running once at any
+given time.
+.Ss COMMUNICATION

 To implement a multi-user game in Version 7 UNIX, which was the operating
 system
 To implement a multi-user game in Version 7 UNIX, which was the operating
 system

-.I Sail
+.Nm

 was first written under, the communicating processes must use a common
 temporary file as a place to read and write messages.
 was first written under, the communicating processes must use a common
 temporary file as a place to read and write messages.

+For e.g. scenario 21, this file is
+.Pa /var/games/sail/#sailsink.21 .
+Corresponding file names are used for the other scenarios.
+.Pp

 In addition, a locking mechanism must be provided to ensure exclusive
 access to the shared file.
 In addition, a locking mechanism must be provided to ensure exclusive
 access to the shared file.

-For example,
-.I Sail
-uses a temporary file named /tmp/#sailsink.21 for scenario 21, and
-corresponding file names for the other scenarios.
-To provide exclusive
-access to the temporary file,
-.I Sail
-uses a technique stolen from an old game called "pubcaves" by Jeff Cohen.
+.Nm
+uses a technique stolen from an old game called
+.Dq pubcaves
+by Jeff Cohen.

 Processes do a busy wait in the loop
 Processes do a busy wait in the loop

-.br
-.sp
-.ce 2
-       for (n = 0; link(sync_file, sync_lock) \*[Lt] 0 \*[Am]\*[Am] n \*[Lt] 30; n++)
-               sleep(2);
-.br
-.sp
-until they are able to create a link to a file named "/tmp/#saillock.??".
-The "??" correspond to the scenario number of the game.
-Since UNIX
-guarantees that a link will point to only one file, the process that succeeds
-in linking will have exclusive access to the temporary file.
-.PP
-Whether or not this really works is open to speculation.
-When ucbmiro was rebooted after a crash, the file system check program
-found 3 links between the
-.I Sail
-temporary file and its link file.
-.SH CONSEQUENCES OF SEPARATE PLAYER AND DRIVER PROCESSES
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+for (n = 0; link(sync_file, sync_lock) \*[Lt] 0 \*[Am]\*[Am] n \*[Lt] 30; n++)
+        sleep(2);
+
+.Ed
+until they are able to create a hard link named e.g.
+.Pa /var/games/sail/#saillock.21 .
+where 21 is again the scenario number.
+Since creating a hard link is atomic, a process where this succeeds
+will have exclusive access to the temporary file.
+.Ss CONSEQUENCES OF SEPARATE PLAYER AND DRIVER PROCESSES

 When players do something of global interest, such as moving or firing,
 the driver must coordinate the action with the other ships in the game.
 For example, if a player wants to move in a certain direction, he writes a
 message into the temporary file requesting the driver to move his ship.
 When players do something of global interest, such as moving or firing,
 the driver must coordinate the action with the other ships in the game.
 For example, if a player wants to move in a certain direction, he writes a
 message into the temporary file requesting the driver to move his ship.

-Each ``turn,'' the driver reads all the messages sent from the players and
+Each
+.Dq turn ,
+the driver reads all the messages sent from the players and

 decides what happened.
 It then writes back into the temporary file new values of variables, etc.
 decides what happened.
 It then writes back into the temporary file new values of variables, etc.

-.PP
+.Pp

 The most noticeable effect this communication has on the game is the
 delay in moving.
 Suppose a player types a move for his ship and hits return.
 The most noticeable effect this communication has on the game is the
 delay in moving.
 Suppose a player types a move for his ship and hits return.


@@ -158,81 +151,43 @@ the temporary file and writes out its buffer to the file.
 The driver, running asynchronously, must
 read in the movement command, process it, and write out the results.
 This takes two exclusive accesses to the temporary file.
 The driver, running asynchronously, must
 read in the movement command, process it, and write out the results.
 This takes two exclusive accesses to the temporary file.

-Finally, when the player process gets around to doing another 7 second
+Finally, when the player process gets around to doing another 7-second

 update, the results of the move are displayed on the screen.
 Hence, every movement requires four
 exclusive accesses to the temporary file (anywhere from 7 to 21 seconds
 depending upon asynchrony) before the player sees the results of his moves.
 update, the results of the move are displayed on the screen.
 Hence, every movement requires four
 exclusive accesses to the temporary file (anywhere from 7 to 21 seconds
 depending upon asynchrony) before the player sees the results of his moves.

-.PP
+.Pp

 In practice, the delays are not as annoying as they would appear.
 In practice, the delays are not as annoying as they would appear.

-There is room for "pipelining" in the movement.
+There is room for
+.Dq pipelining
+in the movement.

 After the player writes out
 a first movement message, a second movement command can then be issued.
 The first message will be in the temporary file waiting for the driver, and
 the second will be in the file buffer waiting to be written to the file.
 Thus, by always typing moves a turn ahead of the time, the player can
 sail around quite quickly.
 After the player writes out
 a first movement message, a second movement command can then be issued.
 The first message will be in the temporary file waiting for the driver, and
 the second will be in the file buffer waiting to be written to the file.
 Thus, by always typing moves a turn ahead of the time, the player can
 sail around quite quickly.

-.PP
-If the player types several movement commands between two 7 second updates,
+.Pp
+If the player types several movement commands between two 7-second updates,

 only the last movement command typed will be seen by the driver.
 only the last movement command typed will be seen by the driver.

-Movement commands within the same update "overwrite" each other, in a sense.
-.SH THE HISTORY OF SAIL
-I wrote the first version of
-.I Sail
-on a PDP\-11/70 in the fall of 1980.
-Needless to say, the code was horrendous,
-not portable in any sense of the word, and didn't work.
-The program was not
-very modular and had fseeks() and fwrites() every few lines.
-After a tremendous rewrite from the top down,
-I got the first working version up by 1981.
-There were several annoying bugs concerning firing broadsides and
-finding angles.
-.I Sail
-uses no floating point, by the way, so the direction routines are rather
-tricky.
-Ed Wang rewrote my angle() routine in 1981 to be more correct (although
-it still doesn't work perfectly), and he added code to let a player select
-which ship he wanted at the start of the game (instead of the first one
-available).
-.PP
-Captain Happy (Craig Leres) is responsible for making
-.I Sail
-portable for the first time.
-This was no easy task, by the way.
-Constants like 2 and 10 were very frequent in the code.
-I also became famous for using "Riggle Memorial Structures" in
-.I Sail.
-Many of my structure references are so long that they run off the line
-printer page.
-Here is an example, if you promise not to laugh.
-.br
-.sp
-.ce
-specs[scene[flog.fgamenum].ship[flog.fshipnum].shipnum].pts
-.br
-.sp
-.PP
-.I Sail
-received its fourth and most thorough rewrite in the summer and fall
-of 1983.
-Ed Wang rewrote and modularized the code (a monumental feat)
-almost from scratch.
-Although he introduced many new bugs, the final result was very much
-cleaner and (?) faster.
-He added window movement commands and find ship commands.
-.SH HISTORICAL INFO
-Old Square Riggers were very maneuverable ships capable of intricate
+Movement commands within the same update
+.Dq overwrite
+each other, in a sense.
+.Ss DEFECTS OF THIS SYSTEM IN THE MODERN WORLD
+Quite a few.
+.Pp
+It should be thrown out and replaced with something socket-based.
+.Sh HISTORICAL INFO
+Old square-riggers were very maneuverable ships capable of intricate

 sailing.
 Their only disadvantage was an inability to sail very close to the wind.
 sailing.
 Their only disadvantage was an inability to sail very close to the wind.

-The design of a wooden ship allowed only for the
-guns to bear to the left and right sides.
+The design of a wooden ship allowed for the guns to bear only to the
+left and right sides.

 A few guns of small
 aspect (usually 6 or 9 pounders) could point forward, but their
 A few guns of small
 aspect (usually 6 or 9 pounders) could point forward, but their

-effect was small compared to a 68 gun broadside of 24 or 32 pounders.
+effect was small compared to a 68 gun broadside of 24- or 32-pounders.

 The guns bear approximately like so:
 The guns bear approximately like so:

-.ne 1i
-.nf
+.Bd -literal -offset indent

 
        \\
         b----------------
 
        \\
         b----------------


@@ -244,132 +199,183 @@ The guns bear approximately like so:
             \\
              \\
 
             \\
              \\
 

-.fi
-An interesting phenomenon occurred when a broadside was fired
-down the length of an enemy ship.
-The shot tended to bounce along the deck and did several times more damage.
-This phenomenon was called a rake.
+.Ed
+Firing a broadside into a ship lengthwise, from bow to stern or stern
+to bow, is called
+.Em raking .
+This did a great deal more damage, because the shot tended to bounce
+along the deck.

 Because the bows of a ship are very strong and present a smaller
 target than the stern, a stern rake (firing from the stern to the bow) causes
 more damage than a bow rake.
 Because the bows of a ship are very strong and present a smaller
 target than the stern, a stern rake (firing from the stern to the bow) causes
 more damage than a bow rake.

-.nf
+.Bd -literal -offset indent

 
                         b
                        00   ----  Stern rake!
                          a
 
 
                         b
                        00   ----  Stern rake!
                          a
 

-.fi
-Most ships were equipped with carronades, which were very large, close
-range cannons.
+.Ed
+Most ships were equipped with
+.Em carronades ,
+which were very large, close range cannons.

 American ships from the revolution until the War of 1812
 were almost entirely armed with carronades.
 American ships from the revolution until the War of 1812
 were almost entirely armed with carronades.

-.PP
+.Pp

 The period of history covered in
 The period of history covered in

-.I Sail
+.Nm

 is approximately from the 1770's until the end of Napoleonic France in 1815.
 There are many excellent books about the age of sail.
 is approximately from the 1770's until the end of Napoleonic France in 1815.
 There are many excellent books about the age of sail.

-My favorite author is Captain Frederick Marryat.
-More contemporary authors include C.S. Forester and Alexander Kent.
-.PP
+.Pq See Sx REFERENCES .
+.Pp

 Fighting ships came in several sizes classed by armament.
 The mainstays of
 Fighting ships came in several sizes classed by armament.
 The mainstays of

-any fleet were its "Ships of the Line", or "Line of Battle Ships".
-They were so named because these ships fought together in great lines.
-They were
-close enough for mutual support, yet every ship could fire both its broadsides.
-We get the modern words "ocean liner," or "liner," and "battleship" from
-"ship of the line."
-The most common size was the 74 gun two decked ship of the line.
-The two gun decks usually mounted 18 and 24 pounder guns.
-.PP
-The pride of the fleet were the first rates.
+any fleet were its
+.Em ships of the line ,
+or
+.Em line of battle ships .
+These were so named because in fleet actions they would sail in lines
+so as to present all broadsides to the enemy at once.
+.\" ... to sail close enough for mutual support.
+The modern terms
+.Dq ocean liner ,
+and
+.Dq battleship
+are derived from
+.Dq ship of the line .
+.Pp
+The pride of the fleet were the
+.Dq first-rates .

 These were huge three decked ships of the line mounting 80 to 136 guns.
 The guns in the three tiers
 were usually 18, 24, and 32 pounders in that order from top to bottom.
 These were huge three decked ships of the line mounting 80 to 136 guns.
 The guns in the three tiers
 were usually 18, 24, and 32 pounders in that order from top to bottom.

-.PP
-Various other ships came next.
-They were almost all "razees," or ships of the line with one deck sawed off.
-They mounted 40-64 guns and were
+.Pp
+Lesser ships were known as
+.Dq second-rates ,
+.Dq third-rates ,
+and even
+.Dq fourth-rates .
+The most common size was the 74 gun two-decked ship of the line.
+The two gun decks usually mounted 18 and 24 pounder guns.
+.Pp
+.Em Razees
+were ships of the line with one deck sawed off.
+These mounted 40-64 guns and were

 a poor cross between a frigate and a line of battle ship.
 They neither had the speed of the former nor the firepower of the latter.
 a poor cross between a frigate and a line of battle ship.
 They neither had the speed of the former nor the firepower of the latter.

-.PP
-Next came the "eyes of the fleet."
-Frigates came in many sizes mounting anywhere from 32 to 44 guns.
-They were very handy vessels.
+.Pp
+The next class was the
+.Em frigate .
+Often called the
+.Dq eyes of the fleet ,
+frigates came in many sizes mounting anywhere from 32 to 44 guns.
+These were very handy vessels.

 They could outsail anything bigger and outshoot anything smaller.
 They could outsail anything bigger and outshoot anything smaller.

-Frigates didn't fight in lines of battle as the much bigger 74's did.
-Instead, they harassed the enemy's rear or captured crippled ships.
-They were much more useful in missions away from the fleet,
-such as cutting out expeditions or boat actions.
+Frigates did not generally fight in lines of battle as the much bigger
+74s did.
+Instead, they were sent on individual missions or in small groups to
+harass the enemy's rear or capture crippled ships.
+.\" cutting out expeditions or boat actions.
+They were much more useful this way, in missions away from the fleet.

 They could hit hard and get away fast.
 They could hit hard and get away fast.

-.PP
+.Pp

 Lastly, there were the corvettes, sloops, and brigs.
 These were smaller ships mounting typically fewer than 20 guns.
 A corvette was only slightly
 smaller than a frigate, so one might have up to 30 guns.
 Lastly, there were the corvettes, sloops, and brigs.
 These were smaller ships mounting typically fewer than 20 guns.
 A corvette was only slightly
 smaller than a frigate, so one might have up to 30 guns.

-Sloops were used for carrying dispatches or passengers.
-Brigs were something you built for land-locked lakes.
-.SH SAIL PARTICULARS
+Sloops were used for carrying despatches or passengers.
+Brigs were small vessels typically built for land-locked lakes.
+.Sh SAIL PARTICULARS

 Ships in
 Ships in

-.I Sail
-are represented by two characters.
+.Nm
+are represented on the screen by two characters.

 One character represents the bow of
 the ship, and the other represents the stern.
 Ships have nationalities and numbers.
 The first ship of a nationality is number 0, the second
 number 1, etc.
 One character represents the bow of
 the ship, and the other represents the stern.
 Ships have nationalities and numbers.
 The first ship of a nationality is number 0, the second
 number 1, etc.

-Therefore, the first British ship in a game would be printed as "b0".
-The second Brit would be "b1", and the fifth Don would be "s4".
-.PP
-Ships can set normal sails, called Battle Sails, or bend on extra canvas
-called Full Sails.
+Therefore, the first British ship in a game would be printed as
+.Dq b0 .
+The second Brit would be
+.Dq b1 ,
+and the fifth Don would be
+.Dq s4 .
+.Pp
+Ships can set normal sails, called
+.Em Battle Sails ,
+or bend on extra canvas called
+.Em Full Sails .

 A ship under full sail is a beautiful sight indeed,
 A ship under full sail is a beautiful sight indeed,

-and it can move much faster than a ship under Battle Sails.
+and it can move much faster than a ship under battle sails.

 The only trouble is, with full sails set, there is so much tension on sail and
 rigging that a well aimed round shot can burst a sail into ribbons where
 it would only cause a little hole in a loose sail.
 For this reason, rigging damage is doubled on a ship with full sails set.
 The only trouble is, with full sails set, there is so much tension on sail and
 rigging that a well aimed round shot can burst a sail into ribbons where
 it would only cause a little hole in a loose sail.
 For this reason, rigging damage is doubled on a ship with full sails set.

-Don't let that discourage you from using full sails.
-I like to keep them up right into the heat of battle.
-A ship with full sails set has a capital letter for its nationality.
-E.g., a Frog, "f0", with full sails set would be printed as "F0".
-.PP
-When a ship is battered into a listing hulk, the last man aboard "strikes
-the colors."
+This does not mean that full sails should never be used; the author
+recommends keeping them up right into the heat of battle.
+When a ship has full sails set, the letter for its nationality is
+capitalized.
+E.g., a Frog,
+.Dq f0 ,
+with full sails set would be printed as
+.Dq F0 .
+.Pp
+When a ship is battered into a listing hulk, the last man aboard
+.Em strikes the colors .

 This ceremony is the ship's formal surrender.
 This ceremony is the ship's formal surrender.

-The nationality character of a surrendered ship is printed as "!".
-E.g., the Frog of our last example would soon be "!0".
-.PP
-A ship has a random chance of catching fire or sinking when it reaches the
-stage of listing hulk.
-A sinking ship has a "~" printed for its nationality,
-and a ship on fire and about to explode has a "#" printed.
-.PP
-Captured ships become the nationality of the prize crew.
+The nationality character of a surrendered ship is printed as
+.So
+!
+.Sc .
+E.g., the Frog of our last example would soon be
+.Dq !0 .
+.Pp
+A ship that reaches this point has a chance of catching fire or sinking.
+A sinking ship has a
+.Sq ~
+printed for its nationality,
+and a ship on fire and about to explode has a
+.Sq #
+printed.
+.Pp
+Ships that have struck can be captured;
+captured ships become the nationality of the prize crew.

 Therefore, if
 Therefore, if

-an American ship captures a British ship, the British ship will have an
-"a" printed for its nationality.
+an American ship captures a British ship, the British ship will
+thenceforth have an
+.Sq a
+printed for its nationality.

 In addition, the ship number is changed
 In addition, the ship number is changed

-to "\*[Am]","'", "(", ,")", "*", or "+" depending upon the original number,
-be it 0,1,2,3,4, or 5.
-E.g., the "b0" captured by an American becomes the
-"a\*[Am]".
-The "s4" captured by a Frog becomes the "f*".
-.PP
+to one of the characters
+.So
+\*[Am]'()*+
+.Sc
+corresponding to its original number
+.So
+012345
+.Sc .
+E.g., the
+.Dq b0
+captured by an American becomes the
+.Dq a\*[Am] .
+The
+.Dq s4
+captured by a Frog becomes the
+.Dq f* .
+.Pp

 The ultimate example is, of course, an exploding Brit captured by an
 The ultimate example is, of course, an exploding Brit captured by an

-American: "#\*[Am]".
-.SH MOVEMENT
+American:
+.Dq #\*[Am] .
+.Sh MOVEMENT

 Movement is the most confusing part of
 Movement is the most confusing part of

-.I Sail
+.Nm

 to many.
 Ships can head in 8 directions:
 to many.
 Ships can head in 8 directions:

-.nf
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+                         0      0      0
+b       b       b0      b       b       b       0b      b
+0        0                                             0

 
 

-                                 0      0      0
-        b       b       b0      b       b       b       0b      b
-        0        0                                             0
-
-.fi
+.Ed

 The stern of a ship moves when it turns.
 The bow remains stationary.
 Ships can always turn, regardless of the wind (unless they are becalmed).
 The stern of a ship moves when it turns.
 The bow remains stationary.
 Ships can always turn, regardless of the wind (unless they are becalmed).


@@ -378,58 +384,60 @@ If a ship doesn't move forward at all for two turns, it will begin to drift.
 If a ship has begun to
 drift, then it must move forward before it turns, if it plans to do
 more than make a right or left turn, which is always possible.
 If a ship has begun to
 drift, then it must move forward before it turns, if it plans to do
 more than make a right or left turn, which is always possible.

-.PP
+.Pp

 Movement commands to
 Movement commands to

-.I Sail
+.Nm

 are a string of forward moves and turns.
 are a string of forward moves and turns.

-An example is "l3".
+An example is
+.Dq l3 .

 It will turn a ship left and then move it ahead 3 spaces.
 It will turn a ship left and then move it ahead 3 spaces.

-In the drawing above, the "b0" made 7 successive left turns.
+In the drawing above, the
+.Dq b0
+made 7 successive left turns.

 When
 When

-.I Sail
+.Nm

 prompts you for a move, it prints three characters of import.
 E.g.,
 prompts you for a move, it prints three characters of import.
 E.g.,

-.nf
-       move (7, 4):
-.fi
+.Dl move (7, 4):

 The first number is the maximum number of moves you can make, including turns.
 The second number is the maximum number of turns you can make.
 The first number is the maximum number of moves you can make, including turns.
 The second number is the maximum number of turns you can make.

-Between the numbers is sometimes printed a quote "'".
+Between the numbers is sometimes printed a quote
+.Pq ' .

 If the quote is present, it means that your ship has been drifting, and
 you must move ahead to regain headway before you turn (see note above).
 Some of the possible moves for the example above are as follows:
 If the quote is present, it means that your ship has been drifting, and
 you must move ahead to regain headway before you turn (see note above).
 Some of the possible moves for the example above are as follows:

-.nf
-
-       move (7, 4): 7
-       move (7, 4): 1
-       move (7, 4): d          /* drift, or do nothing */
-       move (7, 4): 6r
-       move (7, 4): 5r1
-       move (7, 4): 4r1r
-       move (7, 4): l1r1r2
-       move (7, 4): 1r1r1r1
-
-.fi
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+move (7, 4): 7
+move (7, 4): 1
+move (7, 4): d          /* drift, or do nothing */
+move (7, 4): 6r
+move (7, 4): 5r1
+move (7, 4): 4r1r
+move (7, 4): l1r1r2
+move (7, 4): 1r1r1r1
+.Ed
+.Pp

 Because square riggers performed so poorly sailing into the wind, if at
 any point in a movement command you turn into the wind, the movement stops
 there.
 E.g.,
 Because square riggers performed so poorly sailing into the wind, if at
 any point in a movement command you turn into the wind, the movement stops
 there.
 E.g.,

-.ne 1i
-.nf
-
-       move (7, 4): l1l4
-       Movement Error;
-       Helm: l1l
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+move (7, 4): l1l4
+Movement Error;
+Helm: l1l

 
 

-.fi
-Moreover, whenever you make a turn, your movement allowance drops to
-min(what's left, what you would have at the new attitude).
-In short, if you turn closer to the wind, you most likely won't be able
-to sail the full allowance printed in the "move" prompt.
-.PP
+.Ed
+Moreover, upon making a turn, the movement allowance drops to the
+lesser of what remains this turn and what would be available when
+going in the new direction.
+Thus, any turn closer to the wind will generally preclude sailing the
+full distance printed in the
+.Dq move
+prompt.
+.Pp

 Old sailing captains had to keep an eye constantly on the wind.
 Captains in
 Old sailing captains had to keep an eye constantly on the wind.
 Captains in

-.I Sail
+.Nm

 are no different.
 A ship's ability to move depends on its attitude to the wind.
 The best angle possible is to have the wind off your quarter, that is,
 are no different.
 A ship's ability to move depends on its attitude to the wind.
 The best angle possible is to have the wind off your quarter, that is,


@@ -438,7 +446,7 @@ The direction rose on the side of the screen gives the
 possible movements for your ship at all positions to the wind.
 Battle
 sail speeds are given first, and full sail speeds are given in parenthesis.
 possible movements for your ship at all positions to the wind.
 Battle
 sail speeds are given first, and full sail speeds are given in parenthesis.

-.nf
+.Bd -literal

 
                                 0 1(2)
                                \\|/
 
                                 0 1(2)
                                \\|/


@@ -447,76 +455,113 @@ sail speeds are given first, and full sail speeds are given in parenthesis.
                                 | 4(7)
                                3(6)
 
                                 | 4(7)
                                3(6)
 

-.fi
-Pretend the bow of your ship (the "^") is pointing upward and the wind is
+.Ed
+Pretend the bow of your ship
+.Pq the Dq ^
+is pointing upward and the wind is

 blowing from the bottom to the top of the page.
 blowing from the bottom to the top of the page.

-The numbers at the bottom "3(6)" will be your speed under battle or full
+The numbers at the bottom
+.Dq 3(6)
+will be your speed under battle or full

 sails in such a situation.
 sails in such a situation.

-If the wind is off your quarter, then you can move "4(7)".
-If the wind is off your beam, "3(6)".
-If the wind is off your bow, then you can only move "1(2)".
-Facing into the wind, you can't move at all.
-Ships facing into the wind were said to be "in irons".
-.SH WINDSPEED AND DIRECTION
-The windspeed and direction is displayed as a little weather vane on the
+If the wind is off your quarter, then you can move
+.Dq 4(7) .
+If the wind is off your beam,
+.Dq 3(6) .
+If the wind is off your bow, then you can only move
+.Dq 1(2) .
+Facing into the wind, you cannot move at all.
+Ships facing into the wind are said to be
+.Em in irons .
+.Sh WINDSPEED AND DIRECTION
+The windspeed and direction is displayed as a weather vane on the

 side of the screen.
 The number in the middle of the vane indicates the wind
 speed, and the + to - indicates the wind direction.
 The wind blows from the + sign (high pressure) to the - sign (low pressure).
 E.g.,
 side of the screen.
 The number in the middle of the vane indicates the wind
 speed, and the + to - indicates the wind direction.
 The wind blows from the + sign (high pressure) to the - sign (low pressure).
 E.g.,

-.nf
-
-                               |
-                               3
-                               +
-.fi
-.PP
-The wind speeds are 0 = becalmed, 1 = light breeze, 2 = moderate breeze,
-3 = fresh breeze, 4 = strong breeze, 5 = gale, 6 = full gale, 7 = hurricane.
+.Bd -literal
+                                |
+                                3
+                                +
+.Ed
+.Pp
+The wind speeds are:
+.Bl -tag -width 012 -compact -offset indent
+.It 0
+becalmed
+.It 1
+light breeze
+.It 2
+moderate breeze
+.It 3
+fresh breeze
+.It 4
+strong breeze
+.It 5
+gale
+.It 6
+full gale
+.It 7
+hurricane
+.El

 If a hurricane shows up, all ships are destroyed.
 If a hurricane shows up, all ships are destroyed.

-.SH GRAPPLING AND FOULING
+.Sh GRAPPLING AND FOULING

 If two ships collide, they run the risk of becoming tangled together.
 If two ships collide, they run the risk of becoming tangled together.

-This is called "fouling."
+This is called
+.Em fouling .

 Fouled ships are stuck together, and neither can move.
 They can unfoul each other if they want to.
 Boarding parties can only be
 sent across to ships when the antagonists are either fouled or grappled.
 Fouled ships are stuck together, and neither can move.
 They can unfoul each other if they want to.
 Boarding parties can only be
 sent across to ships when the antagonists are either fouled or grappled.

-.PP
+.Pp

 Ships can grapple each other by throwing grapnels into the rigging of
 the other.
 Ships can grapple each other by throwing grapnels into the rigging of
 the other.

-.PP
+.Pp

 The number of fouls and grapples you have are displayed on the upper
 right of the screen.
 The number of fouls and grapples you have are displayed on the upper
 right of the screen.

-.SH BOARDING
+.Sh BOARDING

 Boarding was a very costly venture in terms of human life.
 Boarding parties may be formed in
 Boarding was a very costly venture in terms of human life.
 Boarding parties may be formed in

-.I Sail
+.Nm

 to either board an enemy ship or to defend your own ship against attack.
 Men organized as Defensive Boarding Parties fight twice as hard to save
 their ship as men left unorganized.
 to either board an enemy ship or to defend your own ship against attack.
 Men organized as Defensive Boarding Parties fight twice as hard to save
 their ship as men left unorganized.

-.PP
+.Pp

 The boarding strength of a crew depends upon its quality and upon the
 number of men sent.
 The boarding strength of a crew depends upon its quality and upon the
 number of men sent.

-.SH CREW QUALITY
+.Sh CREW QUALITY

 The British seaman was world renowned for his sailing abilities.
 American sailors, however, were actually the best seamen in the world.
 Because the
 American Navy offered twice the wages of the Royal Navy, British seamen
 who liked the sea defected to America by the thousands.
 The British seaman was world renowned for his sailing abilities.
 American sailors, however, were actually the best seamen in the world.
 Because the
 American Navy offered twice the wages of the Royal Navy, British seamen
 who liked the sea defected to America by the thousands.

-.PP
+.Pp

 In
 In

-.I Sail,
+.Nm ,

 crew quality is quantized into 5 energy levels.
 crew quality is quantized into 5 energy levels.

-"Elite" crews can outshoot and outfight all other sailors.
-"Crack" crews are next.
-"Mundane" crews
-are average, and "Green" and "Mutinous" crews are below average.
-A good rule of thumb is that "Crack" or "Elite" crews get one extra hit
-per broadside compared to "Mundane" crews.
+.Em Elite
+crews can outshoot and outfight all other sailors.
+.Em Crack
+crews are next.
+.Em Mundane
+crews are average, and
+.Em Green
+and
+.Em Mutinous
+crews are below average.
+A good rule of thumb is that
+.Em Crack
+or
+.Em Elite
+crews get one extra hit
+per broadside compared to
+.Em Mundane
+crews.

 Don't expect too much from
 Don't expect too much from

-"Green" crews.
-.pl -1
-.SH BROADSIDES
+.Em Green
+crews.
+.Sh BROADSIDES

 Your two broadsides may be loaded with four kinds of shot: grape, chain,
 round, and double.
 You have guns and carronades in both the port and starboard batteries.
 Your two broadsides may be loaded with four kinds of shot: grape, chain,
 round, and double.
 You have guns and carronades in both the port and starboard batteries.


@@ -525,52 +570,70 @@ close to be able to fire them.
 You have the choice of firing at the hull or rigging of another ship.
 If the range of the ship is greater than 6,
 then you may only shoot at the rigging.
 You have the choice of firing at the hull or rigging of another ship.
 If the range of the ship is greater than 6,
 then you may only shoot at the rigging.

-.PP
+.Pp

 The types of shot and their advantages are:
 The types of shot and their advantages are:

-.SH ROUND
+.Bl -tag -width DOUBLEx
+.It ROUND

 Range of 10.
 Good for hull or rigging hits.
 Range of 10.
 Good for hull or rigging hits.

-.SH DOUBLE
+.It DOUBLE

 Range of 1.
 Extra good for hull or rigging hits.
 Double takes two turns to load.
 Range of 1.
 Extra good for hull or rigging hits.
 Double takes two turns to load.

-.SH CHAIN
+.It CHAIN

 Range of 3.
 Excellent for tearing down rigging.
 Cannot damage hull or guns, though.
 Range of 3.
 Excellent for tearing down rigging.
 Cannot damage hull or guns, though.

-.SH GRAPE
+.It GRAPE

 Range of 1.
 Sometimes devastating against enemy crews.
 Range of 1.
 Sometimes devastating against enemy crews.

-.PP
+.El
+.Pp

 On the side of the screen is displayed some vital information about your
 ship:
 On the side of the screen is displayed some vital information about your
 ship:

-.nf
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+Load  D! R!
+Hull  9
+Crew  4  4  2
+Guns  4  4
+Carr  2  2
+Rigg  5 5 5 5

 
 

-                       Load  D! R!
-                       Hull  9
-                       Crew  4  4  2
-                       Guns  4  4
-                       Carr  2  2
-                       Rigg  5 5 5 5
-
-.fi
-"Load" shows what your port (left) and starboard (right) broadsides are
+.Ed
+.Dq Load
+shows what your port
+.Pq left
+and starboard
+.Pq right
+broadsides are

 loaded with.
 loaded with.

-A "!" after the type of shot indicates that it is an initial broadside.
+A
+.So
+!
+.Sc
+after the type of shot indicates that it is an initial broadside.

 Initial broadside were loaded with care before battle and before
 the decks ran red with blood.
 As a consequence, initial broadsides are a
 little more effective than broadsides loaded later.
 Initial broadside were loaded with care before battle and before
 the decks ran red with blood.
 As a consequence, initial broadsides are a
 little more effective than broadsides loaded later.

-A "*" after the type of shot indicates that the gun
+A
+.Sq *
+after the type of shot indicates that the gun

 crews are still loading it, and you cannot fire yet.
 crews are still loading it, and you cannot fire yet.

-"Hull" shows how much hull you have left.
-"Crew" shows your three sections of crew.
+.Dq Hull
+shows how much hull you have left.
+.Dq Crew
+shows your three sections of crew.

 As your crew dies off, your ability to fire decreases.
 As your crew dies off, your ability to fire decreases.

-"Guns" and "Carr" show your port and starboard guns.
+.Dq Guns
+and
+.Dq Carr
+show your port and starboard guns.

 As you lose guns, your ability to fire decreases.
 As you lose guns, your ability to fire decreases.

-"Rigg" shows how much rigging you have on your 3 or 4 masts.
+.Dq Rigg
+shows how much rigging you have on your 3 or 4 masts.

 As rigging is shot away, you lose mobility.
 As rigging is shot away, you lose mobility.

-.SH EFFECTIVENESS OF FIRE
+.Sh EFFECTIVENESS OF FIRE

 It is very dramatic when a ship fires its thunderous broadsides, but the
 mere opportunity to fire them does not guarantee any hits.
 Many factors influence the destructive force of a broadside.
 It is very dramatic when a ship fires its thunderous broadsides, but the
 mere opportunity to fire them does not guarantee any hits.
 Many factors influence the destructive force of a broadside.


@@ -586,93 +649,109 @@ If the seas are high (5 or 6), then the lower gunports
 of ships of the line can't even be opened to run out the guns.
 This gives frigates and other flush decked vessels an advantage in a storm.
 The scenario
 of ships of the line can't even be opened to run out the guns.
 This gives frigates and other flush decked vessels an advantage in a storm.
 The scenario

-.I Pellew vs. The Droits de L'Homme
+.Em Pellew vs. The Droits de L'Homme

 takes advantage of this peculiar circumstance.
 takes advantage of this peculiar circumstance.

-.SH REPAIRS
+.Sh REPAIRS

 Repairs may be made to your Hull, Guns, and Rigging at the slow rate of
 two points per three turns.
 The message "Repairs Completed" will be printed if no more repairs can be made.
 Repairs may be made to your Hull, Guns, and Rigging at the slow rate of
 two points per three turns.
 The message "Repairs Completed" will be printed if no more repairs can be made.

-.SH PECULIARITIES OF COMPUTER SHIPS
+.Sh PECULIARITIES OF COMPUTER SHIPS

 Computer ships in
 Computer ships in

-.I Sail
+.Nm

 follow all the rules above with a few exceptions.
 Computer ships never repair damage.
 If they did, the players could never beat them.
 They play well enough as it is.
 As a consolation, the computer ships can fire double shot every turn.
 That fluke is a good reason to keep your distance.
 follow all the rules above with a few exceptions.
 Computer ships never repair damage.
 If they did, the players could never beat them.
 They play well enough as it is.
 As a consolation, the computer ships can fire double shot every turn.
 That fluke is a good reason to keep your distance.

-The
-.I Driver
-figures out the moves of the computer ships.
+The driver figures out the moves of the computer ships.

 It computes them with a typical A.I. distance
 It computes them with a typical A.I. distance

-function and a depth first search to find the maximum "score."
+function and a depth first search to find the maximum
+.Dq score .

 It seems to work fairly well, although I'll be the first to admit it isn't
 perfect.
 It seems to work fairly well, although I'll be the first to admit it isn't
 perfect.

-.SH HOW TO PLAY
+.Sh HOW TO PLAY

 Commands are given to
 Commands are given to

-.I Sail
+.Nm

 by typing a single character.
 You will then be prompted for further input.
 A brief summary of the commands follows.
 by typing a single character.
 You will then be prompted for further input.
 A brief summary of the commands follows.

-.br
-.SH COMMAND SUMMARY
-.nf
-
-    'f'  Fire broadsides if they bear
-    'l'  Reload
-    'L'  Unload broadsides (to change ammo)
-    'm'  Move
-    'i'  Print the closest ship
-    'I'  Print all ships
-    'F'  Find a particular ship or ships (e.g. "a?" for all Americans)
-    's'  Send a message around the fleet
-    'b'  Attempt to board an enemy ship
-    'B'  Recall boarding parties
-    'c'  Change set of sail
-    'r'  Repair
-    'u'  Attempt to unfoul
-    'g'  Grapple/ungrapple
-    'v'  Print version number of game
-   '^L'  Redraw screen
-    'Q'  Quit
-
-    'C'      Center your ship in the window
-    'U'             Move window up
-    'D','N'  Move window down
-    'H'             Move window left
-    'J'             Move window right
-    'S'      Toggle window to follow your ship or stay where it is
-
-.fi
-.bg
-.SH SCENARIOS
+.Ss COMMAND SUMMARY
+.Bl -tag -width xD,xNxx -compact
+.It Sq f
+Fire broadsides if they bear
+.It Sq l
+Reload
+.It Sq L
+Unload broadsides (to change ammo)
+.It Sq m
+Move
+.It Sq i
+Print the closest ship
+.It Sq I
+Print all ships
+.It Sq F
+Find a particular ship or ships (e.g. "a?" for all Americans)
+.It Sq s
+Send a message around the fleet
+.It Sq b
+Attempt to board an enemy ship
+.It Sq B
+Recall boarding parties
+.It Sq c
+Change set of sail
+.It Sq r
+Repair
+.It Sq u
+Attempt to unfoul
+.It Sq g
+Grapple/ungrapple
+.It Sq v
+Print version number of game
+.It Sq ^L
+Redraw screen
+.It Sq Q
+Quit
+.Pp
+.It Sq C
+Center your ship in the window
+.It Sq U
+Move window up
+.It Sq D, N
+Move window down
+.It Sq H
+Move window left
+.It Sq J
+Move window right
+.It Sq S
+Toggle window to follow your ship or stay where it is
+.El
+.Sh SCENARIOS

 Here is a summary of the scenarios in
 Here is a summary of the scenarios in

-.I Sail:
-
-.br
-.SH Ranger vs. Drake:
-.nf
+.Nm :
+.Ss Ranger vs. Drake :

 Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.
 Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (a) Ranger            19 gun Sloop (crack crew) (7 pts)
 (b) Drake             17 gun Sloop (crack crew) (6 pts)
 (a) Ranger            19 gun Sloop (crack crew) (7 pts)
 (b) Drake             17 gun Sloop (crack crew) (6 pts)

-.SH The Battle of Flamborough Head:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss The Battle of Flamborough Head :

 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.

-
-.fi
+.Pp

 This is John Paul Jones' first famous battle.
 This is John Paul Jones' first famous battle.

-Aboard the Bonhomme
-Richard, he was able to overcome the Serapis's greater firepower
+Aboard the
+.Em Bonhomme Richard ,
+he was able to overcome the
+.Em Serapis's
+greater firepower

 by quickly boarding her.
 by quickly boarding her.

-.nf
-
+.Bd -literal

 (a) Bonhomme Rich     42 gun Corvette (crack crew) (11 pts)
 (b) Serapis           44 gun Frigate (crack crew) (12 pts)
 (a) Bonhomme Rich     42 gun Corvette (crack crew) (11 pts)
 (b) Serapis           44 gun Frigate (crack crew) (12 pts)

-.SH Arbuthnot and Des Touches:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss Arbuthnot and Des Touches :

 Wind from the N, blowing a gale.
 Wind from the N, blowing a gale.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (b) America           64 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (20 pts)
 (b) Befford           74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
 (b) Adamant           50 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (17 pts)
 (b) America           64 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (20 pts)
 (b) Befford           74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
 (b) Adamant           50 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (17 pts)


@@ -683,11 +762,10 @@ Wind from the N, blowing a gale.
 (f) Conquerant        74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
 (f) Provence          64 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (18 pts)
 (f) Romulus           44 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (10 pts)
 (f) Conquerant        74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
 (f) Provence          64 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (18 pts)
 (f) Romulus           44 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (10 pts)

-.SH Suffren and Hughes:
-.nf
-
+.Ed
+.Ss Suffren and Hughes :

 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (b) Monmouth          74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
 (b) Hero              74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
 (b) Isis              50 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (17 pts)
 (b) Monmouth          74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
 (b) Hero              74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
 (b) Isis              50 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (17 pts)


@@ -698,39 +776,40 @@ Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
 (f) Severe            64 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (18 pts)
 (f) Brilliant         80 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (31 pts)
 (f) Sphinx            80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts)
 (f) Severe            64 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (18 pts)
 (f) Brilliant         80 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (31 pts)
 (f) Sphinx            80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts)

-.SH Nymphe vs. Cleopatre:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss Nymphe vs. Cleopatre :

 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (b) Nymphe            36 gun Frigate (crack crew) (11 pts)
 (f) Cleopatre         36 gun Frigate (average crew) (10 pts)
 (b) Nymphe            36 gun Frigate (crack crew) (11 pts)
 (f) Cleopatre         36 gun Frigate (average crew) (10 pts)

-.SH Mars vs. Hercule:
+.Ed
+.Ss Mars vs. Hercule :

 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.

-.nf
+.Bd -literal

 (b) Mars              74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
 (f) Hercule           74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (23 pts)
 (b) Mars              74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
 (f) Hercule           74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (23 pts)

-.SH Ambuscade vs. Baionnaise:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss Ambuscade vs. Baionnaise :

 Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.
 Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (b) Ambuscade         32 gun Frigate (average crew) (9 pts)
 (f) Baionnaise        24 gun Corvette (average crew) (9 pts)
 (b) Ambuscade         32 gun Frigate (average crew) (9 pts)
 (f) Baionnaise        24 gun Corvette (average crew) (9 pts)

-.SH Constellation vs. Insurgent:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss Constellation vs. Insurgent :

 Wind from the S, blowing a gale.
 Wind from the S, blowing a gale.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (a) Constellation     38 gun Corvette (elite crew) (17 pts)
 (f) Insurgent         36 gun Corvette (average crew) (11 pts)
 (a) Constellation     38 gun Corvette (elite crew) (17 pts)
 (f) Insurgent         36 gun Corvette (average crew) (11 pts)

-.SH Constellation vs. Vengeance:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss Constellation vs. Vengeance :

 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (a) Constellation     38 gun Corvette (elite crew) (17 pts)
 (f) Vengeance         40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts)
 (a) Constellation     38 gun Corvette (elite crew) (17 pts)
 (f) Vengeance         40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts)

-.SH The Battle of Lissa:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss The Battle of Lissa :

 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (b) Amphion           32 gun Frigate (elite crew) (13 pts)
 (b) Active            38 gun Frigate (elite crew) (18 pts)
 (b) Volage            22 gun Frigate (elite crew) (11 pts)
 (b) Amphion           32 gun Frigate (elite crew) (13 pts)
 (b) Active            38 gun Frigate (elite crew) (18 pts)
 (b) Volage            22 gun Frigate (elite crew) (11 pts)


@@ -741,64 +820,63 @@ Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
 (f) Bellona           32 gun Frigate (green crew) (9 pts)
 (f) Corona            40 gun Frigate (green crew) (12 pts)
 (f) Carolina          32 gun Frigate (green crew) (7 pts)
 (f) Bellona           32 gun Frigate (green crew) (9 pts)
 (f) Corona            40 gun Frigate (green crew) (12 pts)
 (f) Carolina          32 gun Frigate (green crew) (7 pts)

-.SH Constitution vs. Guerriere:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss Constitution vs. Guerriere :

 Wind from the SW, blowing a gale.
 Wind from the SW, blowing a gale.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (a) Constitution      44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts)
 (b) Guerriere         38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (15 pts)
 (a) Constitution      44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts)
 (b) Guerriere         38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (15 pts)

-.SH United States vs. Macedonian:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss United States vs. Macedonian :

 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (a) United States     44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (24 pts)
 (b) Macedonian        38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (16 pts)
 (a) United States     44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (24 pts)
 (b) Macedonian        38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (16 pts)

-.SH Constitution vs. Java:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss Constitution vs. Java :

 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (a) Constitution      44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts)
 (b) Java              38 gun Corvette (crack crew) (19 pts)
 (a) Constitution      44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts)
 (b) Java              38 gun Corvette (crack crew) (19 pts)

-.SH Chesapeake vs. Shannon:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss Chesapeake vs. Shannon :

 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (a) Chesapeake        38 gun Frigate (average crew) (14 pts)
 (b) Shannon           38 gun Frigate (elite crew) (17 pts)
 (a) Chesapeake        38 gun Frigate (average crew) (14 pts)
 (b) Shannon           38 gun Frigate (elite crew) (17 pts)

-.SH The Battle of Lake Erie:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss The Battle of Lake Erie :

 Wind from the S, blowing a light breeze.
 Wind from the S, blowing a light breeze.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (a) Lawrence          20 gun Sloop (crack crew) (9 pts)
 (a) Niagara           20 gun Sloop (elite crew) (12 pts)
 (b) Lady Prevost      13 gun Brig (crack crew) (5 pts)
 (b) Detroit           19 gun Sloop (crack crew) (7 pts)
 (b) Q. Charlotte      17 gun Sloop (crack crew) (6 pts)
 (a) Lawrence          20 gun Sloop (crack crew) (9 pts)
 (a) Niagara           20 gun Sloop (elite crew) (12 pts)
 (b) Lady Prevost      13 gun Brig (crack crew) (5 pts)
 (b) Detroit           19 gun Sloop (crack crew) (7 pts)
 (b) Q. Charlotte      17 gun Sloop (crack crew) (6 pts)

-.SH Wasp vs. Reindeer:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss Wasp vs. Reindeer :

 Wind from the S, blowing a light breeze.
 Wind from the S, blowing a light breeze.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (a) Wasp              20 gun Sloop (elite crew) (12 pts)
 (b) Reindeer          18 gun Sloop (elite crew) (9 pts)
 (a) Wasp              20 gun Sloop (elite crew) (12 pts)
 (b) Reindeer          18 gun Sloop (elite crew) (9 pts)

-.SH Constitution vs. Cyane and Levant:
-.br
+.Ed
+.Ss Constitution vs. Cyane and Levant :

 Wind from the S, blowing a moderate breeze.
 Wind from the S, blowing a moderate breeze.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (a) Constitution      44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts)
 (b) Cyane             24 gun Sloop (crack crew) (11 pts)
 (b) Levant            20 gun Sloop (crack crew) (10 pts)
 (a) Constitution      44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts)
 (b) Cyane             24 gun Sloop (crack crew) (11 pts)
 (b) Levant            20 gun Sloop (crack crew) (10 pts)

-.br
-.SH Pellew vs. Droits de L'Homme:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss Pellew vs. Droits de L'Homme :

 Wind from the N, blowing a gale.
 Wind from the N, blowing a gale.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (b) Indefatigable     44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (14 pts)
 (b) Amazon            36 gun Frigate (crack crew) (14 pts)
 (f) Droits L'Hom      74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
 (b) Indefatigable     44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (14 pts)
 (b) Amazon            36 gun Frigate (crack crew) (14 pts)
 (f) Droits L'Hom      74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)

-.SH Algeciras:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss Algeciras :

 Wind from the SW, blowing a moderate breeze.
 Wind from the SW, blowing a moderate breeze.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (b) Caesar            80 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (31 pts)
 (b) Pompee            74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (27 pts)
 (b) Spencer           74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
 (b) Caesar            80 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (31 pts)
 (b) Pompee            74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (27 pts)
 (b) Spencer           74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)


@@ -809,10 +887,10 @@ Wind from the SW, blowing a moderate breeze.
 (s) San Augustine     74 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (20 pts)
 (f) Indomptable       80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts)
 (f) Desaix            74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
 (s) San Augustine     74 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (20 pts)
 (f) Indomptable       80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts)
 (f) Desaix            74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)

-.SH Lake Champlain:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss Lake Champlain :

 Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.
 Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (a) Saratoga          26 gun Sloop (crack crew) (12 pts)
 (a) Eagle             20 gun Sloop (crack crew) (11 pts)
 (a) Ticonderoga       17 gun Sloop (crack crew) (9 pts)
 (a) Saratoga          26 gun Sloop (crack crew) (12 pts)
 (a) Eagle             20 gun Sloop (crack crew) (11 pts)
 (a) Ticonderoga       17 gun Sloop (crack crew) (9 pts)


@@ -820,115 +898,110 @@ Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.
 (b) Confiance         37 gun Frigate (crack crew) (14 pts)
 (b) Linnet            16 gun Sloop (elite crew) (10 pts)
 (b) Chubb             11 gun Brig (crack crew) (5 pts)
 (b) Confiance         37 gun Frigate (crack crew) (14 pts)
 (b) Linnet            16 gun Sloop (elite crew) (10 pts)
 (b) Chubb             11 gun Brig (crack crew) (5 pts)

-.SH Last Voyage of the USS President:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss Last Voyage of the USS President :

 Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.
 Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (a) President         44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (24 pts)
 (b) Endymion          40 gun Frigate (crack crew) (17 pts)
 (b) Pomone            44 gun Frigate (crack crew) (20 pts)
 (b) Tenedos           38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (15 pts)
 (a) President         44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (24 pts)
 (b) Endymion          40 gun Frigate (crack crew) (17 pts)
 (b) Pomone            44 gun Frigate (crack crew) (20 pts)
 (b) Tenedos           38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (15 pts)

-.SH Hornblower and the Natividad:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss Hornblower and the Natividad :

 Wind from the E, blowing a gale.
 Wind from the E, blowing a gale.

-
-.fi
+.Pp

 A scenario for you Horny fans.
 Remember, he sank the Natividad against heavy odds and winds.
 A scenario for you Horny fans.
 Remember, he sank the Natividad against heavy odds and winds.

-Hint: don't try to board the Natividad,
+Hint: don't try to board the Natividad;

 her crew is much bigger, albeit green.
 her crew is much bigger, albeit green.

-.nf
-
+.Bd -literal

 (b) Lydia             36 gun Frigate (elite crew) (13 pts)
 (s) Natividad         50 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (14 pts)
 (b) Lydia             36 gun Frigate (elite crew) (13 pts)
 (s) Natividad         50 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (14 pts)

-.SH Curse of the Flying Dutchman:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss Curse of the Flying Dutchman :

 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.

-
+.Pp

 Just for fun, take the Piece of cake.
 Just for fun, take the Piece of cake.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (s) Piece of Cake     24 gun Corvette (average crew) (9 pts)
 (f) Flying Dutchy     120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
 (s) Piece of Cake     24 gun Corvette (average crew) (9 pts)
 (f) Flying Dutchy     120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)

-.SH The South Pacific:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss The South Pacific :

 Wind from the S, blowing a strong breeze.
 Wind from the S, blowing a strong breeze.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (a) USS Scurvy        136 gun 3 Decker SOL (mutinous crew) (27 pts)
 (b) HMS Tahiti        120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
 (s) Australian        32 gun Frigate (average crew) (9 pts)
 (f) Bikini Atoll      7 gun Brig (crack crew) (4 pts)
 (a) USS Scurvy        136 gun 3 Decker SOL (mutinous crew) (27 pts)
 (b) HMS Tahiti        120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
 (s) Australian        32 gun Frigate (average crew) (9 pts)
 (f) Bikini Atoll      7 gun Brig (crack crew) (4 pts)

-.SH Hornblower and the battle of Rosas bay:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss Hornblower and the battle of Rosas bay :

 Wind from the E, blowing a fresh breeze.
 Wind from the E, blowing a fresh breeze.

-
-.fi
+.Pp

 The only battle Hornblower ever lost.
 He was able to dismast one ship and stern rake the others though.
 See if you can do as well.
 The only battle Hornblower ever lost.
 He was able to dismast one ship and stern rake the others though.
 See if you can do as well.

-.nf
-
+.Bd -literal

 (b) Sutherland        74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
 (f) Turenne           80 gun 3 Decker SOL (average crew) (27 pts)
 (f) Nightmare         74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
 (f) Paris             112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)
 (f) Napoleon          74 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (20 pts)
 (b) Sutherland        74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
 (f) Turenne           80 gun 3 Decker SOL (average crew) (27 pts)
 (f) Nightmare         74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
 (f) Paris             112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)
 (f) Napoleon          74 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (20 pts)

-.SH Cape Horn:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss Cape Horn :

 Wind from the NE, blowing a strong breeze.
 Wind from the NE, blowing a strong breeze.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (a) Concord           80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts)
 (a) Berkeley          98 gun 3 Decker SOL (crack crew) (28 pts)
 (b) Thames            120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
 (s) Madrid            112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)
 (f) Musket            80 gun 3 Decker SOL (average crew) (27 pts)
 (a) Concord           80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts)
 (a) Berkeley          98 gun 3 Decker SOL (crack crew) (28 pts)
 (b) Thames            120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
 (s) Madrid            112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)
 (f) Musket            80 gun 3 Decker SOL (average crew) (27 pts)

-.SH New Orleans:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss New Orleans :

 Wind from the SE, blowing a fresh breeze.
 Wind from the SE, blowing a fresh breeze.

-
+.Pp

 Watch that little Cypress go!
 Watch that little Cypress go!

-
+.Bd -literal

 (a) Alligator         120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
 (b) Firefly           74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (27 pts)
 (b) Cypress           44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (14 pts)
 (a) Alligator         120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
 (b) Firefly           74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (27 pts)
 (b) Cypress           44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (14 pts)

-.SH Botany Bay:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss Botany Bay :

 Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.
 Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (b) Shark             64 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (18 pts)
 (f) Coral Snake       44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts)
 (f) Sea Lion          44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (24 pts)
 (b) Shark             64 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (18 pts)
 (f) Coral Snake       44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts)
 (f) Sea Lion          44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (24 pts)

-.SH Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea :

 Wind from the NW, blowing a fresh breeze.
 Wind from the NW, blowing a fresh breeze.

-
+.Pp

 This one is dedicated to Richard Basehart and David Hedison.
 This one is dedicated to Richard Basehart and David Hedison.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (a) Seaview           120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
 (a) Flying Sub        40 gun Frigate (crack crew) (17 pts)
 (b) Mermaid           136 gun 3 Decker SOL (mutinous crew) (27 pts)
 (s) Giant Squid       112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)
 (a) Seaview           120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
 (a) Flying Sub        40 gun Frigate (crack crew) (17 pts)
 (b) Mermaid           136 gun 3 Decker SOL (mutinous crew) (27 pts)
 (s) Giant Squid       112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)

-.SH Frigate Action:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss Frigate Action :

 Wind from the E, blowing a fresh breeze.
 Wind from the E, blowing a fresh breeze.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (a) Killdeer          40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts)
 (b) Sandpiper         40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts)
 (s) Curlew            38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (16 pts)
 (a) Killdeer          40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts)
 (b) Sandpiper         40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts)
 (s) Curlew            38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (16 pts)

-.SH The Battle of Midway:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss The Battle of Midway :

 Wind from the E, blowing a moderate breeze.
 Wind from the E, blowing a moderate breeze.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (a) Enterprise        80 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (31 pts)
 (a) Yorktown          80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts)
 (a) Hornet            74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
 (j) Akagi             112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)
 (j) Kaga              96 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (24 pts)
 (j) Soryu             80 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (23 pts)
 (a) Enterprise        80 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (31 pts)
 (a) Yorktown          80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts)
 (a) Hornet            74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
 (j) Akagi             112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)
 (j) Kaga              96 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (24 pts)
 (j) Soryu             80 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (23 pts)

-
-.SH Star Trek:
-.nf
+.Ed
+.Ss Star Trek :

 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.

-
+.Bd -literal

 (a) Enterprise        450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
 (a) Yorktown          450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
 (a) Reliant           450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
 (a) Enterprise        450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
 (a) Yorktown          450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
 (a) Reliant           450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)


@@ -937,39 +1010,127 @@ Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
 (k) Klingon II        450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
 (o) Red Orion         450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
 (o) Blue Orion        450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
 (k) Klingon II        450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
 (o) Red Orion         450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
 (o) Blue Orion        450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)

-
-.SH CONCLUSION
-
-.I Sail
+.Ed
+.Sh HISTORY
+Dave Riggle wrote the first version of
+.Nm
+on a PDP\-11/70 in the fall of 1980.
+Needless to say, the code was horrendous,
+not portable in any sense of the word, and didn't work.
+The program was not
+very modular and had
+.Xr fseek 3
+and
+.Xr fwrite 3
+calls every few lines.
+After a tremendous rewrite from the top down,
+the first working version was up and running by 1981.
+There were several annoying bugs concerning firing broadsides and
+finding angles.
+.\" No longer true...
+.\" .Nm
+.\" uses no floating point, by the way, so the direction routines are rather
+.\" tricky.
+.Pp
+Ed Wang rewrote the
+.Fn angle
+routine in 1981 to be more correct.
+He also added code to let a player select
+which ship he wanted at the start of the game, instead of always
+taking the first one available.
+.Pp
+Captain Happy (Craig Leres) is responsible for making
+.Nm
+portable for the first time.
+This was no easy task.
+Constants like 2 and 10 were very frequent in the code.
+The
+.Nm
+code was also notorious for the use of
+.Dq Riggle Memorial Structures .
+Many structure references were so long that they ran off the line
+printer page.
+Here is an example, if you promise not to laugh:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+specs[scene[flog.fgamenum].ship[flog.fshipnum].shipnum].pts
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.Nm
+received its fourth and most thorough rewrite in the summer and fall
+of 1983.
+Ed Wang rewrote and modularized the code (a monumental feat)
+almost from scratch.
+Although he introduced many new bugs, the final result was very much
+cleaner and (?) faster.
+He added window movement commands and find ship commands.
+.Pp
+At some currently unknown time,
+.Nm
+was imported into
+.Bx .
+.Sh AUTHORS
+.Nm

 has been a group effort.
 has been a group effort.

-
-.SH AUTHOR
+.Ss AUTHOR

 Dave Riggle
 Dave Riggle

-.SH CO-AUTHOR
+.Ss CO-AUTHOR

 Ed Wang
 Ed Wang

-.SH REFITTING
+.Ss REFITTING

 Craig Leres
 Craig Leres

-.SH CONSULTANTS
-.nf
+.Ss CONSULTANTS
+.Bl -item -compact
+.It

 Chris Guthrie
 Chris Guthrie

+.It

 Captain Happy
 Captain Happy

+.It

 Horatio Nelson
 Horatio Nelson

-       and many valiant others...
-.fi
-.SH REFERENCES
-.nf
-Wooden Ships \*[Am] Iron Men, by Avalon Hill
-Captain Horatio Hornblower Novels, (13 of them) by C.S. Forester
-Captain Richard Bolitho Novels, (12 of them) by Alexander Kent
-The Complete Works of Captain Frederick Marryat, (about 20) especially
-.in +6n
-Mr. Midshipman Easy
-Peter Simple
-Jacob Faithful
-Japhet in Search of a Father
-Snarleyyow, or The Dog Fiend
-Frank Mildmay, or The Naval Officer
-.in -6n
-.SH BUGS
-Probably a few, and please report them to "riggle@ernie.berkeley.edu" and
-"edward@ucbarpa.berkeley.edu"
+.El
+and many valiant others...
+.Sh REFERENCES
+.Rs
+.%B Wooden Ships \*[Am] Iron Men
+.%A "Avalon Hill"
+.Re
+.Pp
+.Rs
+.%B Master and Commander
+.%O and 20 more volumes
+.%A Patrick O'Brian
+.Re
+.Pp
+.Rs
+.%B Captain Horatio Hornblower Novels
+.%O "(13 of them)"
+.%A "C.S. Forester"
+.Re
+.Pp
+.Rs
+.%B Captain Richard Bolitho Novels
+.%O "(12 of them)"
+.%A "Alexander Kent"
+.Re
+.Pp
+.Rs
+.%B The Complete Works of Captain Frederick Marryat
+.%O "(about 20)"
+.Re
+.Pp
+Of these, consider especially
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.%B Mr. Midshipman Easy
+.It
+.%B Peter Simple
+.It
+.%B Jacob Faithful
+.It
+.%B Japhet in Search of a Father
+.It
+.%B Snarleyyow, or The Dog Fiend
+.It
+.%B Frank Mildmay, or The Naval Officer
+.El
+.\" .Sh BUGS
+.\" Probably a few, and please report them to "riggle@ernie.berkeley.edu" and
+.\" "edward@ucbarpa.berkeley.edu".