-.\" $Id: mdoc.7,v 1.121 2010/06/06 22:25:56 kristaps Exp $
+.\" $Id: mdoc.7,v 1.135 2010/07/16 21:09:39 kristaps Exp $
.\"
-.\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
.\"
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
.\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: June 6 2010 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: July 16 2010 $
.Dt MDOC 7
.Os
.Sh NAME
line terminators.
.Ss Comments
Text following a
-.Sq \e" ,
+.Sq \e\*q ,
whether in a macro or free-form text line, is ignored to the end of
line. A macro line with only a control character and comment escape,
-.Sq \&.\e" ,
-is also ignored. Macro lines with only a control charater and optionally
+.Sq \&.\e\*q ,
+is also ignored. Macro lines with only a control character and optionally
whitespace are stripped from input.
.Ss Reserved Characters
Within a macro line, the following characters are reserved:
.Dq predefined strings ,
which, like
.Sx Special Characters ,
-demark special output characters and strings by way of input codes.
+mark special output characters and strings by way of input codes.
Predefined strings are escaped with the slash-asterisk,
.Sq \e* :
single-character
followed by
.Sx \&Nd .
.Pp
-Following that, convention dictates specifying at least the SYNOPSIS and
-DESCRIPTION sections, although this varies between manual sections.
+Following that, convention dictates specifying at least the
+.Em SYNOPSIS
+and
+.Em DESCRIPTION
+sections, although this varies between manual sections.
.Pp
The following is a well-formed skeleton
.Nm
Manuals not in these sections generally don't need a
.Em SYNOPSIS .
.Pp
-See
-.Sx \&Op ,
+Some macros are displayed differently in the
+.Em SYNOPSIS
+section, particularly
+.Sx \&Nm ,
.Sx \&Cd ,
+.Sx \&Fd ,
.Sx \&Fn ,
-.Sx \&Ft ,
+.Sx \&Fo ,
+.Sx \&In ,
+.Sx \&Vt ,
and
-.Sx \&Vt .
+.Sx \&Ft .
+All of these macros are output on their own line. If two such
+dissimilar macros are pair-wise invoked (except for
+.Sx \&Ft
+before
+.Sx \&Fo
+or
+.Sx \&Fn ) ,
+they are separated by a vertical space, unless in the case of
+.Sx \&Fo ,
+.Sx \&Fn ,
+and
+.Sx \&Ft ,
+which are always separated by vertical space.
+.Pp
+When text and macros following an
+.Sx \&Nm
+macro starting an input line span multiple output lines,
+all output lines but the first will be indented to align
+with the text immediately following the
+.Sx \&Nm
+macro, up to the next
+.Sx \&Nm ,
+.Sx \&Sx ,
+or
+.Sx \&Ss
+macro or the end of an enclosing block, whichever comes first.
.It Em DESCRIPTION
This expands upon the brief, one-line description in
.Em NAME .
.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope
.It Sx \&It Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&It , Sx \&El
.It Sx \&Nd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh
+.It Sx \&Nm Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Nm , Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss
.It Sx \&Sh Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh
.It Sx \&Ss Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss
.El
+.Pp
+Note that the
+.Sx \&Nm
+macro is a
+.Sx Block full-implicit
+macro only when invoked as the first macro
+in a
+.Em SYNOPSIS
+section line, else it is
+.Sx In-line .
.Ss Block partial-explicit
Like block full-explicit, but also with single-line scope.
Each has at least a body and, in limited circumstances, a head
.Sx \&Aq .
.Ss \&Ap
Inserts an apostrophe without any surrounding white-space.
-This is generally used as a grammatic device when referring to the verb
+This is generally used as a grammatical device when referring to the verb
form of a function:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
\&.Fn execve Ap d
block. Does not have any tail arguments.
.Ss \&Bd
Begins a display block.
+Its syntax is as follows:
+.Bd -ragged -offset indent
+.Pf \. Sx \&Bd
+.Fl type
+.Op Fl offset Ar width
+.Op Fl compact
+.Ed
+.Pp
A display is collection of macros or text which may be collectively
offset or justified in a manner different from that
of the enclosing context.
The type must be provided first.
Secondary arguments are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width 12n -offset indent
-.It Fl offset Ar width
+.It Fl offset Ar val
Offset by the value of
-.Ar width ,
+.Ar val ,
which is interpreted as one of the following, specified in order:
.Bl -item
.It
twice
.Ar indent ;
.Ar left ,
-which has no effect ;
+which has no effect;
.Ar right ,
which justifies to the right margin; and
.Ar center ,
As the calculated string length of the opaque string.
.El
.Pp
-If unset, it will revert to the value of
-.Ar 8n
-as described in
-.Sx Scaling Widths .
+If not provided an argument, it will be ignored.
.It Fl compact
Do not assert a vertical space before the block.
-.It Fl file Ar file
-Prepend the file
-.Ar file
-before any text or macros within the block.
.El
.Pp
Examples:
and
.Sx \&Dl .
.Ss \&Bf
+Change the font mode for a scoped block of text.
+Its syntax is as follows:
+.Bd -ragged -offset indent
+.Pf \. Sx \&Bf
+.Oo
+.Fl emphasis | literal | symbolic |
+.Cm \&Em | \&Li | \&Sy
+.Oc
+.Ed
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl emphasis
+and
+.Cm \&Em
+argument are equivalent, as are
+.Fl symbolic
+and
+.Cm \&Sy,
+and
+.Fl literal
+and
+.Cm \&Li .
+Without an argument, this macro does nothing.
+The font mode continues until broken by a new font mode in a nested
+scope or
+.Sx \&Ef
+is encountered.
+.Pp
+See also
+.Sx \&Li ,
+.Sx \&Ef ,
+and
+.Sx \&Sy .
.Ss \&Bk
+Begins a collection of macros or text not breaking the line.
+Its syntax is as follows:
+.Pp
+.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Bk Fl words
+.Pp
+Subsequent arguments are ignored.
+The
+.Fl words
+argument is required.
+.Pp
+Each line within a keep block is kept intact, so the following example
+will not break within each
+.Sx \&Op
+macro line:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+\&.Bk \-words
+\&.Op Fl f Ar flags
+\&.Op Fl o Ar output
+\&.Ek
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Be careful in using over-long lines within a keep block!
+Doing so will clobber the right margin.
.Ss \&Bl
Begins a list composed of one or more list entries.
+Its syntax is as follows:
+.Bd -ragged -offset indent
+.Pf \. Sx \&Bl
+.Fl type
+.Op Fl width Ar val
+.Op Fl offset Ar val
+.Op Fl compact
+.Op HEAD ...
+.Ed
+.Pp
A list is associated with a type, which is a required argument.
Other arguments are
.Fl width ,
and
.Sx \&Ux .
.Ss \&Ec
+Close a scope started by
+.Sx \&Eo .
+Its syntax is as follows:
+.Pp
+.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Ec Op Cm TERM
+.Pp
+The
+.Cm TERM
+argument is used as the enclosure tail, for example, specifying \e(rq
+will emulate
+.Sx \&Dc .
.Ss \&Ed
+End a display context started by
+.Sx \&Bd .
.Ss \&Ef
+Ends a font mode context started by
+.Sx \&Bf .
.Ss \&Ek
+Ends a keep context started by
+.Sx \&Bk .
.Ss \&El
Ends a list context started by
.Sx \&Bl .
.D1 \&.Em Warnings!
.D1 \&.Em Remarks :
.Ss \&En
+This macro is obsolete and not implemented.
.Ss \&Eo
+An arbitrary enclosure.
+Its syntax is as follows:
+.Pp
+.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Eo Op Cm TERM
+.Pp
+The
+.Cm TERM
+argument is used as the enclosure head, for example, specifying \e(lq
+will emulate
+.Sx \&Do .
.Ss \&Er
Display error constants.
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&Dv .
.Ss \&Es
+This macro is obsolete and not implemented.
.Ss \&Ev
Environmental variables such as those specified in
.Xr environ 7 .
See also
.Sx \&Fo .
.Ss \&Fc
+Ends a function context started by
+.Sx \&Fo .
.Ss \&Fd
Historically used to document include files.
This usage has been deprecated in favour of
Do not use this macro.
.Pp
See also
+.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE
+and
.Sx \&In .
.Ss \&Fl
Command-line flag.
.Op Oo Cm argtype Oc Cm argname
.Ed
.Pp
-If invoked in the
-.Em SYNOPSIS
-section, vertical space is asserted before and after the macro.
-In all cases, the function arguments are surrounded in parenthesis and
+Function arguments are surrounded in parenthesis and
are delimited by commas.
If no arguments are specified, blank parenthesis are output.
.Pp
.Ed
.Pp
See also
-.Sx \&Fa ,
-.Sx \&Fo ,
-.Sx \&Fc ,
+.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE
and
.Sx \&Ft .
.Ss \&Fo
.Pf \. Sx \&Fc
.Ed
.Pp
-In the
-.Em SYNOPSIS
-section, a
-.Sx \&Fo
-block is surrounded by vertical space unless
-.Sx \&Ft
-is the prior macro, in which case it is preceded by only a newline.
-.Pp
A
.Sx \&Fo
scope is closed by
.Pp
See also
+.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE ,
.Sx \&Fa ,
.Sx \&Fc ,
and
-.Sx \&Fn .
-.Sx \&Fc .
-.Ss \&Fr
.Ss \&Ft
A function type.
Its syntax is as follows:
.Pp
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Ft Cm functype
.Pp
-If invoked before a
-.Sx \&Fo
-or
-.Sx \&Fn
-in the
-.Em SYNOPSIS
-section, a line-break will follow.
-Furthermore, if invoked in the
-.Em SYNOPSIS
-section, it will assert vertical space prior to its arguments.
-.Pp
Examples:
.D1 \&.Ft int
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
.Ed
.Pp
See also
-.Sx \&Fo ,
-.Sx \&Fc ,
+.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE ,
+.Sx \&Fn ,
and
-.Sx \&Fn .
+.Sx \&Fo .
.Ss \&Fx
Format the FreeBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value
if no argument is provided.
and
.Sx \&Ux .
.Ss \&Hf
+This macro is obsolete and not implemented.
.Ss \&Ic
+Designate an internal or interactive command.
+This is similar to
+.Sx \&Cm
+but used for instructions rather than values.
+.Pp
+Examples:
+.D1 \&.Ic hash
+.D1 \&.Ic alias
+.Pp
+Note that using
+.Sx \&Bd No Fl literal
+or
+.Sx \&D1
+is preferred for displaying code; the
+.Sx \&Ic
+macro is used when referring to specific instructions.
.Ss \&In
An
.Qq include
section (only if invoked as the line macro), the first argument is
preceded by
.Qq #include ,
-the arguments is enclosed in angled braces, and a newline is asserted.
-In all other invocations, only angled braces will enclose the argument.
+the arguments is enclosed in angled braces.
.Pp
-Examples
+Examples:
.D1 \&.In sys/types
+.Pp
+See also
+.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE .
.Ss \&It
A list item.
The syntax of this macro depends on the list type.
Subsequent this, only the
.Sq \&Ta
pseudo-macro may be used to delimit phrases.
-Furthermore, note that quoted sections propogate over tab-delimited
+Furthermore, note that quoted sections propagate over tab-delimited
phrases on an
.Sx \&It ,
for example,
.D1 \&.Lb libz
.D1 \&.Lb mdoc
.Ss \&Li
+Denotes text that should be in a literal font mode.
+Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for
+stylistically decorating technical terms.
.Ss \&Lk
Format a hyperlink.
Its syntax is as follows:
See also
.Sx \&Mt .
.Ss \&Lp
+Synonym for
+.Sx \&Pp .
.Ss \&Ms
.Ss \&Mt
Format a
Examples:
.D1 \&.Mt discuss@manpages.bsd.lv
.Ss \&Nd
+A one-line description of the manual's content.
+This may only be invoked in the
+.Em SYNOPSIS
+section subsequent the
+.Sx \&Nm
+macro.
+.Pp
+Examples:
+.D1 \&.Sx \&Nd mdoc language reference
+.D1 \&.Sx \&Nd format and display UNIX manuals
+.Pp
+The
+.Sx \&Nd
+macro technically accepts child macros and terminates with a subsequent
+.Sx \&Sh
+invocation.
+Do not assume this behaviour: some
+.Xr whatis 1
+database generators are not smart enough to parse more than the line
+arguments and will display macros verbatim.
+.Pp
+See also
+.Sx \&Nm .
.Ss \&Nm
+The name of the manual page, or \(em in particular in section 1, 6,
+and 8 pages \(em of an additional command or feature documented in
+the manual page.
+When first invoked, the
+.Sx \&Nm
+macro expects a single argument, the name of the manual page.
+Usually, the first invocation happens in the
+.Em NAME
+section of the page.
+The specified name will be remembered and used whenever the macro is
+called again without arguments later in the page.
+The
+.Sx \&Nm
+macro uses
+.Sx Block full-implicit
+semantics when invoked as the first macro on an input line in the
+.Em SYNOPSIS
+section; otherwise, it uses ordinary
+.Sx In-line
+semantics.
+.Pp
+Examples:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+\&.Sh SYNOPSIS
+\&.Nm cat
+\&.Op Fl benstuv
+\&.Op Ar
+.Ed
+.Pp
+In the
+.Em SYNOPSIS
+of section 2, 3 and 9 manual pages, use the
+.Sx \&Fn
+macro rather than
+.Sx \&Nm
+to mark up the name of the manual page.
.Ss \&No
+A
+.Qq noop
+macro used to terminate prior macro contexts.
+.Pp
+Examples:
+.D1 \&.Sx \&Fl ab \&No cd \&Fl ef
.Ss \&Ns
.Ss \&Nx
Format the NetBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if
and
.Sx \&Ux .
.Ss \&Oc
+Closes multi-line
+.Sx \&Oo
+context.
.Ss \&Oo
+Multi-line version of
+.Sx \&Op .
+.Pp
+Examples:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+\&.Oo
+\&.Op Fl flag Ns Ar value
+\&.Oc
+.Ed
.Ss \&Op
+Command-line option.
+Used when listing options to command-line utilities.
+Prints the argument(s) in brackets.
+.Pp
+Examples:
+.D1 \&.Op \&Fl a \&Ar b
+.D1 \&.Op \&Ar a | b
+.Pp
+See also
+.Sx \&Oo .
.Ss \&Os
Document operating system version.
This is the mandatory third macro of
and
.Sx \&Ux .
.Ss \&Pa
+A file-system path.
+.Pp
+Examples:
+.D1 \&.Pa /usr/bin/mandoc
+.D1 \&.Pa /usr/share/man/man7/mdoc.7
+.Pp
+See also
+.Sx \&Lk .
.Ss \&Pc
+Close parenthesised context opened by
+.Sx \&Po .
.Ss \&Pf
+Removes the space
+.Pq Qq prefix
+between its arguments.
+Its syntax is as follows:
+.Pp
+.D1 Pf \. \&Pf Cm prefix suffix
+.Pp
+The
+.Cm suffix
+argument may be a macro.
+.Pp
+Examples:
+.D1 \&.Pf \e. \&Sx \&Pf \&Cm prefix suffix
.Ss \&Po
+Multi-line version of
+.Sx \&Pq .
.Ss \&Pp
+Break a paragraph.
+This will assert vertical space between prior and subsequent macros
+and/or text.
.Ss \&Pq
+Parenthesised enclosure.
+.Pp
+See also
+.Sx \&Po .
.Ss \&Qc
.Ss \&Ql
.Ss \&Qo
.Ss \&Sc
.Ss \&Sh
.Ss \&Sm
+Switches the spacing mode for output generated from macros.
+Its syntax is as follows:
+.Pp
+.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Sm Cm on | off
+.Pp
+By default, spacing is
+.Cm on .
+When switched
+.Cm off ,
+no white space is inserted between macro arguments and between the
+output generated from adjacent macros, but free-form text lines
+still get normal spacing between words and sentences.
.Ss \&So
.Ss \&Sq
.Ss \&Ss
and
.Sx \&Ox .
.Ss \&Va
+A variable name.
+.Pp
+Examples:
+.D1 \&.Va foo
+.D1 \&.Va const char *bar ;
.Ss \&Vt
A variable type.
-This is also used for indicating global variables in the SYNOPSIS
+This is also used for indicating global variables in the
+.Em SYNOPSIS
section, in which case a variable name is also specified.
Note that it accepts
.Sx Block partial-implicit
-syntax when invoked as the first macro in the SYNOPSIS section, else it
-accepts ordinary
+syntax when invoked as the first macro in the
+.Em SYNOPSIS
+section, else it accepts ordinary
.Sx In-line
syntax.
.Pp
.D1 \&.Vt extern const char * const sys_signame[] \&;
.Pp
See also
-.Sx \&Ft
+.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE
and
.Sx \&Va .
.Ss \&Xc
.Pp
.Bl -dash -compact
.It
+Old groff fails to assert a newline before
+.Sx \&Bd Fl ragged compact .
+.It
groff behaves inconsistently when encountering
.Pf non- Sx \&Fa
children of
.Sx \&Fn
in the
.Em SYNOPSIS :
-at times newline(s) are suppressed dependong on whether a prior
+at times newline(s) are suppressed depending on whether a prior
.Sx \&Fn
has been invoked.
In mandoc, this is not the case.
standalone double-quote in formatted output.
This idiosyncratic behaviour is not applicable in mandoc.
.It
-Display types
+Display offsets
.Sx \&Bd
-.Fl center
+.Fl offset Ar center
and
-.Fl right
-are aliases for
-.Fl left
-in manodc. Furthermore, the
+.Fl offset Ar right
+are disregarded in mandoc.
+Furthermore, troff specifies a
.Fl file Ar file
-argument is ignored.
+argument that is not supported in mandoc.
Lastly, since text is not right-justified in mandoc (or even groff),
.Fl ragged
and
git.ckatri.com / mandoc.git / blobdiff