Using putchar for single-character prints (noted by Joerg Sonnenberger).

[mandoc.git] / mandoc.1

diff --git a/mandoc.1 b/mandoc.1
index ea2aa1c218b546ad55fd04d0c6cfea51e2ab7eb1..f02219b3fcb17325762583e3701274f497380eee 100644 (file)
--- a/mandoc.1
+++ b/mandoc.1
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\"    $Id: mandoc.1,v 1.25 2009/07/14 15:57:43 kristaps Exp $
+.\"    $Id: mandoc.1,v 1.45 2009/10/26 15:44:51 kristaps Exp $

 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@kth.se>
 .\"
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@kth.se>
 .\"


@@ -14,62 +14,71 @@
 .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 .\"
 .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 .\"

-.Dd $Mdocdate: July 14 2009 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: October 26 2009 $

 .Dt MANDOC 1
 .Os
 .Dt MANDOC 1
 .Os

-.\" SECTION
+.
+.

 .Sh NAME
 .Nm mandoc
 .Nd format and display UNIX manuals
 .Sh NAME
 .Nm mandoc
 .Nd format and display UNIX manuals

-.\" SECTION
+.
+.

 .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .Nm mandoc
 .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .Nm mandoc

-.Op Fl V

 .Op Fl f Ns Ar option...
 .Op Fl m Ns Ar format
 .Op Fl f Ns Ar option...
 .Op Fl m Ns Ar format

-.Op Fl W Ns Ar err...
+.Op Fl O Ns Ar option...

 .Op Fl T Ns Ar output
 .Op Fl T Ns Ar output

+.Op Fl V
+.Op Fl W Ns Ar err...

 .Op Ar infile...
 .Op Ar infile...

-.\" SECTION
+.
+.

 .Sh DESCRIPTION
 The
 .Nm
 .Sh DESCRIPTION
 The
 .Nm

-utility formats 
+utility formats

 .Ux
 manual pages for display.  The arguments are as follows:
 .Ux
 manual pages for display.  The arguments are as follows:

+.

 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .Bl -tag -width Ds

-.\" ITEM

 .It Fl f Ns Ar option...
 .It Fl f Ns Ar option...

-Override default compiler behaviour.  See 
+Comma-separated compiler options.  See

 .Sx Compiler Options
 for details.
 .Sx Compiler Options
 for details.

-.\" ITEM
+.

 .It Fl m Ns Ar format
 Input format.  See
 .Sx Input Formats
 for available formats.  Defaults to
 .Fl m Ns Ar andoc .
 .It Fl m Ns Ar format
 Input format.  See
 .Sx Input Formats
 for available formats.  Defaults to
 .Fl m Ns Ar andoc .

-.\" ITEM
+.
+.It Fl O Ns Ar option...
+Comma-separated output options.  See
+.Sx Output Options
+for details.
+.

 .It Fl T Ns Ar output
 Output format.  See
 .Sx Output Formats
 for available formats.  Defaults to
 .Fl T Ns Ar ascii .
 .It Fl T Ns Ar output
 Output format.  See
 .Sx Output Formats
 for available formats.  Defaults to
 .Fl T Ns Ar ascii .

-.\" ITEM
+.

 .It Fl V
 Print version and exit.
 .It Fl V
 Print version and exit.

-.\" ITEM
+.

 .It Fl W Ns Ar err...
 .It Fl W Ns Ar err...

-Configure warning messages.  Use
+Comma-separated warning options.  Use

 .Fl W Ns Ar all
 to print warnings,
 .Fl W Ns Ar all
 to print warnings,

-.Fl W Ns Ar error 
+.Fl W Ns Ar error

 for warnings to be considered errors and cause utility
 for warnings to be considered errors and cause utility

-termination.  Multiple 
+termination.  Multiple

 .Fl W
 arguments may be comma-separated, such as
 .Fl W Ns Ar error,all .
 .Fl W
 arguments may be comma-separated, such as
 .Fl W Ns Ar error,all .

-.\" ITEM
+.

 .It Ar infile...
 Read input from zero or more
 .Ar infile .
 .It Ar infile...
 Read input from zero or more
 .Ar infile .


@@ -77,11 +86,11 @@ If unspecified, reads from stdin.  If multiple files are specified,
 .Nm
 will halt with the first failed parse.
 .El
 .Nm
 will halt with the first failed parse.
 .El

-.\" PARAGRAPH
+.

 .Pp
 .Pp

-By default, 
-.Nm 
-reads 
+By default,
+.Nm
+reads

 .Xr mdoc 7
 or
 .Xr man 7
 .Xr mdoc 7
 or
 .Xr man 7


@@ -90,10 +99,11 @@ text from stdin, implying
 and prints 78-column backspace-encoded output to stdout as if
 .Fl T Ns Ar ascii
 were provided.
 and prints 78-column backspace-encoded output to stdout as if
 .Fl T Ns Ar ascii
 were provided.

-.\" PARAGRAPH
+.

 .Pp
 .Ex -std mandoc
 .Pp
 .Ex -std mandoc

-.\" SUB-SECTION
+.
+.

 .Ss Punctuation and Spacing
 If punctuation is set apart from words, such as in the phrase
 .Dq to be \&, or not to be ,
 .Ss Punctuation and Spacing
 If punctuation is set apart from words, such as in the phrase
 .Dq to be \&, or not to be ,


@@ -101,39 +111,40 @@ it's processed by
 .Nm
 according to the following rules:  opening punctuation
 .Po
 .Nm
 according to the following rules:  opening punctuation
 .Po

-.Sq \&( , 
-.Sq \&[ , 
+.Sq \&( ,
+.Sq \&[ ,

 and
 .Sq \&{
 and
 .Sq \&{

-.Pc 
+.Pc

 is not followed by a space; closing punctuation
 .Po
 is not followed by a space; closing punctuation
 .Po

-.Sq \&. , 
-.Sq \&, , 
-.Sq \&; , 
-.Sq \&: , 
-.Sq \&? , 
-.Sq \&! , 
-.Sq \&) , 
-.Sq \&] 
+.Sq \&. ,
+.Sq \&, ,
+.Sq \&; ,
+.Sq \&: ,
+.Sq \&? ,
+.Sq \&! ,
+.Sq \&) ,
+.Sq \&]

 and
 .Sq \&}
 and
 .Sq \&}

-.Pc 
+.Pc

 is not preceded by whitespace.
 is not preceded by whitespace.

+.

 .Pp
 If the input is
 .Xr mdoc 7 ,
 these rules are also applied to macro arguments when appropriate.
 .Pp
 If the input is
 .Xr mdoc 7 ,
 these rules are also applied to macro arguments when appropriate.

+.

 .Pp
 White-space, in non-literal (normal) mode, is stripped from input and
 .Pp
 White-space, in non-literal (normal) mode, is stripped from input and

-replaced on output by a single space.  Thus, if you wish to preserve
-multiple spaces, they must be space-escaped
-.Sq \e\ 
-or used in a literal display mode, e.g., 
-.Sq \&.Bd \-literal 
-in 
+replaced on output by a single space.  Thus, if you wish to preserve multiple
+spaces, they must be space-escaped or used in a literal display mode, e.g.,
+.Sq \&Bd \-literal
+in

 .Xr mdoc 7 .
 .Xr mdoc 7 .

-.\" SUB-SECTION
+.
+.

 .Ss Input Formats
 The
 .Nm
 .Ss Input Formats
 The
 .Nm


@@ -149,134 +160,262 @@ respectively.  The
 .Xr mdoc 7
 format is
 .Em strongly
 .Xr mdoc 7
 format is
 .Em strongly

-recommended; 
+recommended;

 .Xr man 7
 should only be used for legacy manuals.
 .Xr man 7
 should only be used for legacy manuals.

+.

 .Pp
 A third option,
 .Fl m Ns Ar andoc ,
 which is also the default, determines encoding on-the-fly: if the first
 .Pp
 A third option,
 .Fl m Ns Ar andoc ,
 which is also the default, determines encoding on-the-fly: if the first

-non-comment macro is 
-.Sq \&.Dd
+non-comment macro is
+.Sq \&Dd

 or
 or

-.Sq \&.Dt ,
-the 
+.Sq \&Dt ,
+the

 .Xr mdoc 7
 parser is used; otherwise, the
 .Xr man 7
 parser is used.
 .Xr mdoc 7
 parser is used; otherwise, the
 .Xr man 7
 parser is used.

+.

 .Pp
 If multiple
 .Pp
 If multiple

-files are specified with 
-.Fl m Ns Ar andoc , 
+files are specified with
+.Fl m Ns Ar andoc ,

 each has its file-type determined this way.  If multiple files are
 specified and
 .Fl m Ns Ar doc
 or
 .Fl m Ns Ar an
 is specified, then this format is used exclusively.
 each has its file-type determined this way.  If multiple files are
 specified and
 .Fl m Ns Ar doc
 or
 .Fl m Ns Ar an
 is specified, then this format is used exclusively.

-.\" .Pp
-.\" The following escape sequences are recognised, although the per-format
-.\" compiler may not allow certain sequences.
-.\" .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset XXXX
-.\" .It \efX
-.\" sets the font mode to X (B, I, R or P, where P resets the font)
-.\" .It \eX, \e(XX, \e[XN]
-.\" queries the special-character table for a corresponding symbol
-.\" .It \e*X, \e*(XX, \e*[XN]
-.\" deprecated special-character format
-.\" .El
-.\" SUB-SECTION
+.
+.

 .Ss Output Formats
 The
 .Nm
 utility accepts the following
 .Fl T
 arguments:
 .Ss Output Formats
 The
 .Nm
 utility accepts the following
 .Fl T
 arguments:

+.

 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .It Fl T Ns Ar ascii
 Produce 7-bit ASCII output, backspace-encoded for bold and underline
 styles.  This is the default.
 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .It Fl T Ns Ar ascii
 Produce 7-bit ASCII output, backspace-encoded for bold and underline
 styles.  This is the default.

+.
+.It Fl T Ns Ar html
+Produce strict HTML-4.01 output, with a sane default style.
+.

 .It Fl T Ns Ar tree
 Produce an indented parse tree.
 .It Fl T Ns Ar tree
 Produce an indented parse tree.

+.

 .It Fl T Ns Ar lint
 Parse only: produce no output.
 .El
 .It Fl T Ns Ar lint
 Parse only: produce no output.
 .El

+.

 .Pp
 If multiple input files are specified, these will be processed by the
 corresponding filter in-order.
 .Pp
 If multiple input files are specified, these will be processed by the
 corresponding filter in-order.

-.\" SUB-SECTION
+.
+.

 .Ss Compiler Options
 .Ss Compiler Options

-Default compiler behaviour may be overriden with the
+Default compiler behaviour may be overridden with the

 .Fl f
 flag.
 .Fl f
 flag.

+.

 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .It Fl f Ns Ar ign-scope
 When rewinding the scope of a block macro, forces the compiler to ignore
 scope violations.  This can seriously mangle the resulting tree.
 .Pq mdoc only
 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .It Fl f Ns Ar ign-scope
 When rewinding the scope of a block macro, forces the compiler to ignore
 scope violations.  This can seriously mangle the resulting tree.
 .Pq mdoc only

+.
+.It Fl f Ns Ar ign-escape
+Ignore invalid escape sequences.
+This is the default, but the option can be used to override an earlier
+.Fl f Ns Ar strict .
+.

 .It Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-escape
 Don't ignore invalid escape sequences.
 .It Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-escape
 Don't ignore invalid escape sequences.

+.

 .It Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-macro
 Do not ignore unknown macros at the start of input lines.
 .It Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-macro
 Do not ignore unknown macros at the start of input lines.

+.

 .It Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-chars
 Do not ignore disallowed characters.
 .It Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-chars
 Do not ignore disallowed characters.

+.

 .It Fl f Ns Ar strict
 .It Fl f Ns Ar strict

-Implies 
+Implies

 .Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-escape ,
 .Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-escape ,

-.Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-macro 
+.Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-macro

 and
 and

-.Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-chars . 
+.Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-chars .
+.
+.It Fl f Ns Ar ign-errors
+Don't halt when encountering parse errors.  Useful with
+.Fl T Ns Ar lint
+over a large set of manuals passed on the command line.

 .El
 .El

-.\" PARAGRAPH
-.Pp
-As with the
-.Fl W
-flag, multiple
-.Fl f
-options may be grouped and delimited with a comma.  Using
-.Fl f Ns Ar ign-scope,no-ign-escape ,
-for example, will try to ignore scope and not ignore character-escape
-errors.
-.\" SECTION
+.
+.Ss Output Options
+For the time being, only
+.Fl T Ns Ar html
+is the only mode with output options:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Fl O Ns Ar style=style.css
+The file
+.Ar style.css
+is used for an external style-sheet.  This must be a valid absolute or
+relative URI.
+.It Fl O Ns Ar includes=fmt
+The string
+.Ar fmt ,
+for example, 
+.Ar ../src/%I.html ,
+is used as a template for linked header files (usually via the
+.Sq \&In
+macro).  Instances of
+.Sq \&%I
+are replaced with the include filename.  The default is not to present a
+hyperlink.
+.It Fl O Ns Ar man=fmt
+The string
+.Ar fmt ,
+for example, 
+.Ar ../html%S/%N.%S.html ,
+is used as a template for linked manuals (usually via the
+.Sq \&Xr
+macro).  Instances of
+.Sq \&%N
+and
+.Sq %S
+are replaced with the linked manual's name and section, respectively.
+If no section is included, section 1 is assumed.  The default is not to
+present a hyperlink.
+.El
+.

 .Sh EXAMPLES
 To page manuals to the terminal:
 .Sh EXAMPLES
 To page manuals to the terminal:

-.\" PARAGRAPH
+.

 .Pp
 .D1 % mandoc \-Wall,error \-fstrict mandoc.1 2>&1 | less
 .D1 % mandoc mandoc.1 mdoc.3 mdoc.7 | less
 .Pp
 .D1 % mandoc \-Wall,error \-fstrict mandoc.1 2>&1 | less
 .D1 % mandoc mandoc.1 mdoc.3 mdoc.7 | less

-.\" SECTION
+.
+.Pp
+To produce HTML manuals with
+.Ar style.css
+as the style-sheet:
+.Pp
+.D1 % mandoc \-Thtml -ostyle=style.css mdoc.7 > mdoc.7.html
+.Pp
+To check over a large set of manuals:
+.
+.Pp
+.Dl % mandoc \-Tlint \-fign-errors `find /usr/src -name \e*\e.[1-9]`
+.
+.

 .Sh COMPATIBILITY
 .Sh COMPATIBILITY

-This section summarises 
+This section summarises

 .Nm
 .Nm

-compatibility with 
+compatibility with

 .Xr groff 1 .
 .Xr groff 1 .

-.Pp
+Each input and output format is separately noted.
+.
+.
+.Ss ASCII output

 .Bl -bullet -compact
 .Bl -bullet -compact

-.It 
+.It
+The 
+.Sq \e~
+special character doesn't produce expected behaviour in 
+.Fl T Ns Ar ascii .
+.
+.It
+The 
+.Sq \&Bd \-literal
+and 
+.Sq \&Bd \-unfilled
+macros of
+.Xr mdoc 7
+in
+.Fl T Ns Ar ascii
+are synonyms, as are \-filled and \-ragged.
+.
+.It
+In 
+.Xr groff 1 ,
+the
+.Sq \&Pa
+.Xr mdoc 7
+macro does not underline when scoped under an
+.Sq \&It
+in the FILES section.  This behaves correctly in
+.Nm .
+.
+.It

 A list or display following
 A list or display following

-.Sq \&.Ss
+.Sq \&Ss
+.Xr mdoc 7
+macro in
+.Fl T Ns Ar ascii

 does not assert a prior vertical break, just as it doesn't with
 does not assert a prior vertical break, just as it doesn't with

-.Sq \&.Sh .
+.Sq \&Sh .
+.

 .It
 .It

-The \-literal and \-unfilled 
-.Sq \&.Bd
-displays types are synonyms, as are \-filled and \-ragged.
+The
+.Sq \&na
+.Xr man 7
+macro in
+.Fl T Ns Ar ascii
+has no effect.
+.

 .It
 Words aren't hyphenated.
 .It
 Words aren't hyphenated.

+.

 .It
 In normal mode (not a literal block), blocks of spaces aren't preserved,
 .It
 In normal mode (not a literal block), blocks of spaces aren't preserved,

-so double spaces following sentence closure are reduced to a single space
-.Pq Dq French spacing .
+so double spaces following sentence closure are reduced to a single space;
+.Xr groff 1
+retains spaces.
+.
+.It
+Sentences are unilaterally monospaced.
+.El
+.
+.Ss HTML output
+.Bl -bullet -compact
+.It
+The
+.Xr mdoc 7
+.Sq \&Bl \-hang
+and
+.Sq \&Bl \-tag
+list types render similarly (no break following overreached left-hand
+side) due to the expressive constraints of HTML.
+.
+.It
+The
+.Xr man 7
+.Sq IP
+and
+.Sq TP
+lists render similarly.

 .El
 .\" SECTION
 .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr mandoc_char 7 ,
 .Xr mdoc 7 ,
 .Xr man 7
 .El
 .\" SECTION
 .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr mandoc_char 7 ,
 .Xr mdoc 7 ,
 .Xr man 7

-.\" SECTION
+.

 .Sh AUTHORS
 The
 .Nm
 .Sh AUTHORS
 The
 .Nm

-utility was written by 
+utility was written by

 .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@kth.se .
 .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@kth.se .

+.
+.Sh CAVEATS
+In
+.Fl T Ns Ar html ,
+the maximum size of an element attribute is determined by
+.Dv BUFSIZ ,
+which is usually 1024 bytes.  Be aware of this when setting long link
+formats with
+.Fl O Ns Ar man=fmt .