delete the TAG_IDIV crutch, which is no longer used

[mandoc.git] / mandoc_char.7

diff --git a/mandoc_char.7 b/mandoc_char.7
index e0d0375a9913f2cdfd46136f274ba5d04fbb36a2..b46575d4d250531e4db32740dc997cdf7caacffa 100644 (file)
--- a/mandoc_char.7
+++ b/mandoc_char.7
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-.\"    $Id: mandoc_char.7,v 1.50 2011/11/14 15:10:27 schwarze Exp $
+.\"    $Id: mandoc_char.7,v 1.76 2019/03/31 19:17:26 schwarze Exp $

 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 2003 Jason McIntyre <jmc@openbsd.org>
 .\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 2003 Jason McIntyre <jmc@openbsd.org>
 .\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>

-.\" Copyright (c) 2011 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2011,2013,2015,2017,2018 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>

 .\"
 .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 .\"
 .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above


@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 .\"
 .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 .\"

-.Dd $Mdocdate: November 14 2011 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: March 31 2019 $

 .Dt MANDOC_CHAR 7
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
 .Dt MANDOC_CHAR 7
 .Os
 .Sh NAME


@@ -35,23 +35,37 @@ documents.
 .Pp
 The rendering depends on the
 .Xr mandoc 1
 .Pp
 The rendering depends on the
 .Xr mandoc 1

-output mode; in ASCII output, most characters are completely
-unintelligible.
-For that reason, using any of the special characters documented here,
-except those discussed in the
+output mode; it can be inspected by calling
+.Xr man 1
+on the
+.Nm
+manual page with different
+.Fl T
+arguments.
+In ASCII output, the rendering of some characters may be hard
+to interpret for the reader.
+Many are rendered as descriptive strings like
+.Qq <integral> ,
+.Qq <degree> ,
+or
+.Qq <Gamma> ,
+which may look ugly, and many are replaced by similar ASCII characters.
+In particular, accented characters are usually shown without the accent.
+For that reason, try to avoid using any of the special characters
+documented here except those discussed in the

 .Sx DESCRIPTION ,
 .Sx DESCRIPTION ,

-is strongly discouraged; they are supported merely for backwards
-compatibility with existing documents.
+unless they are essential for explaining the subject matter at hand,
+for example when documenting complicated mathematical functions.

 .Pp
 In particular, in English manual pages, do not use special-character
 escape sequences to represent national language characters in author
 names; instead, provide ASCII transcriptions of the names.
 .Ss Dashes and Hyphens
 In typography there are different types of dashes of various width:
 .Pp
 In particular, in English manual pages, do not use special-character
 escape sequences to represent national language characters in author
 names; instead, provide ASCII transcriptions of the names.
 .Ss Dashes and Hyphens
 In typography there are different types of dashes of various width:

-the hyphen (-),
-the minus sign (\-),
+the hyphen (\(hy),

 the en-dash (\(en),
 the en-dash (\(en),

-and the em-dash (\(em).
+the em-dash (\(em),
+and the mathematical minus sign (\(mi).

 .Pp
 Hyphens are used for adjectives;
 to separate the two parts of a compound word;
 .Pp
 Hyphens are used for adjectives;
 to separate the two parts of a compound word;


@@ -62,14 +76,6 @@ blue-eyed
 lorry-driver
 .Ed
 .Pp
 lorry-driver
 .Ed
 .Pp

-The mathematical minus sign is used for negative numbers or subtraction.
-It should be written as
-.Sq \e- :
-.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
-a = 3 \e- 1;
-b = \e-2;
-.Ed
-.Pp

 The en-dash is used to separate the two elements of a range,
 or can be used the same way as an em-dash.
 It should be written as
 The en-dash is used to separate the two elements of a range,
 or can be used the same way as an em-dash.
 It should be written as


@@ -88,36 +94,74 @@ Three things \e(em apples, oranges, and bananas.
 This is not that \e(em rather, this is that.
 .Ed
 .Pp
 This is not that \e(em rather, this is that.
 .Ed
 .Pp

-Note:
-hyphens, minus signs, and en-dashes look identical under normal ASCII output.
-Other formats, such as PostScript, render them correctly,
-with differing widths.
+In
+.Xr roff 7
+documents, the minus sign is normally written as
+.Sq \e- .
+In manual pages, some style guides recommend to also use
+.Sq \e-
+if an ASCII 0x2d
+.Dq hyphen-minus
+output glyph that can be copied and pasted is desired in output modes
+supporting it, for example in
+.Fl T Cm utf8
+and
+.Fl T Cm html .
+But currently, no practically relevant manual page formatter requires
+that subtlety, so in manual pages, it is sufficient to write plain
+.Sq -
+to represent hyphen, minus, and hyphen-minus.
+.Pp
+If a word on a text input line contains a hyphen, a formatter may decide
+to insert an output line break after the hyphen if that helps filling
+the current output line, but the whole word would overflow the line.
+If it is important that the word is not broken across lines in this
+way, a zero-width space
+.Pq Sq \e&
+can be inserted before or after the hyphen.
+While
+.Xr mandoc 1
+never breaks the output line after hyphens adjacent to a zero-width
+space, after any of the other dash- or hyphen-like characters
+represented by escape sequences, or after hyphens inside words in
+macro arguments, other software may not respect these rules and may
+break the line even in such cases.
+.Pp
+Some
+.Xr roff 7
+implementations contains dictionaries allowing to break the line
+at syllable boundaries even inside words that contain no hyphens.
+Such automatic hyphenation is not supported by
+.Xr mandoc 1 ,
+which only breaks the line at whitespace, and inside words only
+after existing hyphens.

 .Ss Spaces
 To separate words in normal text, for indenting and alignment
 in literal context, and when none of the following special cases apply,
 just use the normal space character
 .Pq Sq \  .
 .Pp
 .Ss Spaces
 To separate words in normal text, for indenting and alignment
 in literal context, and when none of the following special cases apply,
 just use the normal space character
 .Pq Sq \  .
 .Pp

-When filling text, lines may be broken between words, i.e. at space
+When filling text, output lines may be broken between words, i.e. at space

 characters.
 To prevent a line break between two particular words,
 characters.
 To prevent a line break between two particular words,

-use the non-breaking space escape sequence
-.Pq Sq \e~
+use the unpaddable non-breaking space escape sequence
+.Pq Sq \e\ \&

 instead of the normal space character.
 For example, the input string
 instead of the normal space character.
 For example, the input string

-.Dq number\e~1
+.Dq number\e\ 1

 will be kept together as
 will be kept together as

-.Dq number\~1
+.Dq number\ 1

 on the same output line.
 .Pp
 On request and macro lines, the normal space character serves as an
 argument delimiter.
 on the same output line.
 .Pp
 On request and macro lines, the normal space character serves as an
 argument delimiter.

-To include whitespace into arguments, quoting is usually the best choice.  
-In some cases, using either the non-breaking
-.Pq Sq \e~
-or the breaking
+To include whitespace into arguments, quoting is usually the best choice;
+see the MACRO SYNTAX section in
+.Xr roff 7 .
+In some cases, using the non-breaking space escape sequence

 .Pq Sq \e\ \&
 .Pq Sq \e\ \&

-space escape sequence may be preferable.
+may be preferable.
+.Pp

 To escape macro names and to protect whitespace at the end
 of input lines, the zero-width space
 .Pq Sq \e&
 To escape macro names and to protect whitespace at the end
 of input lines, the zero-width space
 .Pq Sq \e&


@@ -141,6 +185,32 @@ Note that on text lines, literal double-quote characters can be used
 verbatim.
 All other quote-like characters can be used verbatim as well,
 even on request and macro lines.
 verbatim.
 All other quote-like characters can be used verbatim as well,
 even on request and macro lines.

+.Ss Accents
+In output modes supporting such special output characters, for example
+.Fl T Cm pdf ,
+and sometimes less consistently in
+.Fl T Cm utf8 ,
+some
+.Xr roff 7
+formatters convert the following ASCII input characters to the
+following Unicode special output characters:
+.Bl -column x(ga U+2018 -offset indent
+.It \(ga Ta U+2018 Ta left single quotation mark
+.It \(aq Ta U+2019 Ta right single quotation mark
+.It \(ti Ta U+02DC Ta small tilde
+.It \(ha Ta U+02C6 Ta modifier letter circumflex
+.El
+.Pp
+In prose, this automatic substitution is often desirable;
+but when these characters have to be displayed as plain ASCII
+characters, for example in source code samples, they require
+escaping to render as follows:
+.Bl -column x(ga U+2018 -offset indent
+.It \e(ga Ta U+0060 Ta grave accent
+.It \e(aq Ta U+0027 Ta apostrophe
+.It \e(ti Ta U+007E Ta tilde
+.It \e(ha Ta U+005E Ta circumflex accent
+.El

 .Ss Periods
 The period
 .Pq Sq \&.
 .Ss Periods
 The period
 .Pq Sq \&.


@@ -194,14 +264,15 @@ manual.
 Spacing:
 .Bl -column "Input" "Description" -offset indent -compact
 .It Em Input Ta Em Description
 Spacing:
 .Bl -column "Input" "Description" -offset indent -compact
 .It Em Input Ta Em Description

-.It \e~      Ta non-breaking, non-collapsing space
-.It \e       Ta breaking, non-collapsing n-width space
-.It \e^      Ta zero-width space
-.It \e%      Ta zero-width space
-.It \e&      Ta zero-width space
-.It \e|      Ta zero-width space
-.It \e0      Ta breaking, non-collapsing digit-width space
-.It \ec      Ta removes any trailing space (if applicable)
+.It Sq \e\ \& Ta unpaddable non-breaking space
+.It \e\(ti   Ta paddable non-breaking space
+.It \e0      Ta digit-width space allowing line break
+.It \e|      Ta one-sixth \e(em narrow space, zero width in nroff mode
+.It \e^      Ta one-twelfth \e(em half-narrow space, zero width in nroff
+.It \e&      Ta zero-width non-breaking space
+.It \e)      Ta zero-width space transparent to end-of-sentence detection
+.It \e%      Ta zero-width space allowing hyphenation
+.It \e:      Ta zero-width space allowing line break

 .El
 .Pp
 Lines:
 .El
 .Pp
 Lines:


@@ -210,7 +281,8 @@ Lines:
 .It \e(ba    Ta \(ba        Ta bar
 .It \e(br    Ta \(br        Ta box rule
 .It \e(ul    Ta \(ul        Ta underscore
 .It \e(ba    Ta \(ba        Ta bar
 .It \e(br    Ta \(br        Ta box rule
 .It \e(ul    Ta \(ul        Ta underscore

-.It \e(rl    Ta \(rl        Ta overline
+.It \e(ru    Ta \(ru        Ta underscore (width 0.5m)
+.It \e(rn    Ta \(rn        Ta overline

 .It \e(bb    Ta \(bb        Ta broken bar
 .It \e(sl    Ta \(sl        Ta forward slash
 .It \e(rs    Ta \(rs        Ta backward slash
 .It \e(bb    Ta \(bb        Ta broken bar
 .It \e(sl    Ta \(sl        Ta forward slash
 .It \e(rs    Ta \(rs        Ta backward slash


@@ -233,6 +305,10 @@ Text markers:
 .It \e(sh    Ta \(sh        Ta hash (pound)
 .It \e(CR    Ta \(CR        Ta carriage return
 .It \e(OK    Ta \(OK        Ta check mark
 .It \e(sh    Ta \(sh        Ta hash (pound)
 .It \e(CR    Ta \(CR        Ta carriage return
 .It \e(OK    Ta \(OK        Ta check mark

+.It \e(CL    Ta \(CL        Ta club suit
+.It \e(SP    Ta \(SP        Ta spade suit
+.It \e(HE    Ta \(HE        Ta heart suit
+.It \e(DI    Ta \(DI        Ta diamond suit

 .El
 .Pp
 Legal symbols:
 .El
 .Pp
 Legal symbols:


@@ -264,8 +340,8 @@ Quotes:
 .It \e(rq    Ta \(rq        Ta right double-quote
 .It \e(oq    Ta \(oq        Ta left single-quote
 .It \e(cq    Ta \(cq        Ta right single-quote
 .It \e(rq    Ta \(rq        Ta right double-quote
 .It \e(oq    Ta \(oq        Ta left single-quote
 .It \e(cq    Ta \(cq        Ta right single-quote

-.It \e(aq    Ta \(aq        Ta apostrophe quote (text)
-.It \e(dq    Ta \(dq        Ta double quote (text)
+.It \e(aq    Ta \(aq        Ta apostrophe quote (ASCII character)
+.It \e(dq    Ta \(dq        Ta double quote (ASCII character)

 .It \e(Fo    Ta \(Fo        Ta left guillemet
 .It \e(Fc    Ta \(Fc        Ta right guillemet
 .It \e(fo    Ta \(fo        Ta left single guillemet
 .It \e(Fo    Ta \(Fo        Ta left guillemet
 .It \e(Fc    Ta \(Fc        Ta right guillemet
 .It \e(fo    Ta \(fo        Ta left single guillemet


@@ -273,7 +349,7 @@ Quotes:
 .El
 .Pp
 Brackets:
 .El
 .Pp
 Brackets:

-.Bl -column "xxbracketrightbpx" Rendered Description -offset indent -compact
+.Bl -column "xxbracketrightbtx" Rendered Description -offset indent -compact

 .It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
 .It \e(lB    Ta \(lB        Ta left bracket
 .It \e(rB    Ta \(rB        Ta right bracket
 .It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
 .It \e(lB    Ta \(lB        Ta left bracket
 .It \e(rB    Ta \(rB        Ta right bracket


@@ -281,33 +357,33 @@ Brackets:
 .It \e(rC    Ta \(rC        Ta right brace
 .It \e(la    Ta \(la        Ta left angle
 .It \e(ra    Ta \(ra        Ta right angle
 .It \e(rC    Ta \(rC        Ta right brace
 .It \e(la    Ta \(la        Ta left angle
 .It \e(ra    Ta \(ra        Ta right angle

-.It \e(bv    Ta \(bv        Ta brace extension
+.It \e(bv    Ta \(bv        Ta brace extension (special font)

 .It \e[braceex] Ta \[braceex] Ta brace extension
 .It \e[bracketlefttp] Ta \[bracketlefttp] Ta top-left hooked bracket
 .It \e[braceex] Ta \[braceex] Ta brace extension
 .It \e[bracketlefttp] Ta \[bracketlefttp] Ta top-left hooked bracket

-.It \e[bracketleftbp] Ta \[bracketleftbp] Ta bottom-left hooked bracket
+.It \e[bracketleftbt] Ta \[bracketleftbt] Ta bottom-left hooked bracket

 .It \e[bracketleftex] Ta \[bracketleftex] Ta left hooked bracket extension
 .It \e[bracketrighttp] Ta \[bracketrighttp] Ta top-right hooked bracket
 .It \e[bracketleftex] Ta \[bracketleftex] Ta left hooked bracket extension
 .It \e[bracketrighttp] Ta \[bracketrighttp] Ta top-right hooked bracket

-.It \e[bracketrightbp] Ta \[bracketrightbp] Ta bottom-right hooked bracket
+.It \e[bracketrightbt] Ta \[bracketrightbt] Ta bottom-right hooked bracket

 .It \e[bracketrightex] Ta \[bracketrightex] Ta right hooked bracket extension
 .It \e(lt    Ta \(lt        Ta top-left hooked brace
 .It \e[bracelefttp] Ta \[bracelefttp] Ta top-left hooked brace
 .It \e(lk    Ta \(lk        Ta mid-left hooked brace
 .It \e[braceleftmid] Ta \[braceleftmid] Ta mid-left hooked brace
 .It \e(lb    Ta \(lb        Ta bottom-left hooked brace
 .It \e[bracketrightex] Ta \[bracketrightex] Ta right hooked bracket extension
 .It \e(lt    Ta \(lt        Ta top-left hooked brace
 .It \e[bracelefttp] Ta \[bracelefttp] Ta top-left hooked brace
 .It \e(lk    Ta \(lk        Ta mid-left hooked brace
 .It \e[braceleftmid] Ta \[braceleftmid] Ta mid-left hooked brace
 .It \e(lb    Ta \(lb        Ta bottom-left hooked brace

-.It \e[braceleftbp] Ta \[braceleftbp] Ta bottom-left hooked brace
+.It \e[braceleftbt] Ta \[braceleftbt] Ta bottom-left hooked brace

 .It \e[braceleftex] Ta \[braceleftex] Ta left hooked brace extension
 .It \e(rt    Ta \(rt        Ta top-left hooked brace
 .It \e[bracerighttp] Ta \[bracerighttp] Ta top-right hooked brace
 .It \e(rk    Ta \(rk        Ta mid-right hooked brace
 .It \e[bracerightmid] Ta \[bracerightmid] Ta mid-right hooked brace
 .It \e(rb    Ta \(rb        Ta bottom-right hooked brace
 .It \e[braceleftex] Ta \[braceleftex] Ta left hooked brace extension
 .It \e(rt    Ta \(rt        Ta top-left hooked brace
 .It \e[bracerighttp] Ta \[bracerighttp] Ta top-right hooked brace
 .It \e(rk    Ta \(rk        Ta mid-right hooked brace
 .It \e[bracerightmid] Ta \[bracerightmid] Ta mid-right hooked brace
 .It \e(rb    Ta \(rb        Ta bottom-right hooked brace

-.It \e[bracerightbp] Ta \[bracerightbp] Ta bottom-right hooked brace
+.It \e[bracerightbt] Ta \[bracerightbt] Ta bottom-right hooked brace

 .It \e[bracerightex] Ta \[bracerightex] Ta right hooked brace extension
 .It \e[parenlefttp] Ta \[parenlefttp] Ta top-left hooked parenthesis
 .It \e[bracerightex] Ta \[bracerightex] Ta right hooked brace extension
 .It \e[parenlefttp] Ta \[parenlefttp] Ta top-left hooked parenthesis

-.It \e[parenleftbp] Ta \[parenleftbp] Ta bottom-left hooked parenthesis
+.It \e[parenleftbt] Ta \[parenleftbt] Ta bottom-left hooked parenthesis

 .It \e[parenleftex] Ta \[parenleftex] Ta left hooked parenthesis extension
 .It \e[parenrighttp] Ta \[parenrighttp] Ta top-right hooked parenthesis
 .It \e[parenleftex] Ta \[parenleftex] Ta left hooked parenthesis extension
 .It \e[parenrighttp] Ta \[parenrighttp] Ta top-right hooked parenthesis

-.It \e[parenrightbp] Ta \[parenrightbp] Ta bottom-right hooked parenthesis
+.It \e[parenrightbt] Ta \[parenrightbt] Ta bottom-right hooked parenthesis

 .It \e[parenrightex] Ta \[parenrightex] Ta right hooked parenthesis extension
 .El
 .Pp
 .It \e[parenrightex] Ta \[parenrightex] Ta right hooked parenthesis extension
 .El
 .Pp


@@ -326,6 +402,7 @@ Arrows:
 .It \e(uA    Ta \(uA        Ta up double-arrow
 .It \e(dA    Ta \(dA        Ta down double-arrow
 .It \e(vA    Ta \(vA        Ta up-down double-arrow
 .It \e(uA    Ta \(uA        Ta up double-arrow
 .It \e(dA    Ta \(dA        Ta down double-arrow
 .It \e(vA    Ta \(vA        Ta up-down double-arrow

+.It \e(an    Ta \(an        Ta horizontal arrow extension

 .El
 .Pp
 Logical:
 .El
 .Pp
 Logical:


@@ -333,8 +410,8 @@ Logical:
 .It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
 .It \e(AN    Ta \(AN        Ta logical and
 .It \e(OR    Ta \(OR        Ta logical or
 .It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
 .It \e(AN    Ta \(AN        Ta logical and
 .It \e(OR    Ta \(OR        Ta logical or

-.It \e(no    Ta \(no        Ta logical not
-.It \e[tno]  Ta \[tno]      Ta logical not (text)
+.It \e[tno]  Ta \[tno]      Ta logical not (text font)
+.It \e(no    Ta \(no        Ta logical not (special font)

 .It \e(te    Ta \(te        Ta existential quantifier
 .It \e(fa    Ta \(fa        Ta universal quantifier
 .It \e(st    Ta \(st        Ta such that
 .It \e(te    Ta \(te        Ta existential quantifier
 .It \e(fa    Ta \(fa        Ta universal quantifier
 .It \e(st    Ta \(st        Ta such that


@@ -346,19 +423,20 @@ Logical:
 Mathematical:
 .Bl -column "xxcoproductxx" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
 .It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
 Mathematical:
 .Bl -column "xxcoproductxx" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
 .It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description

-.It \e(pl    Ta \(pl        Ta plus
-.It \e(mi    Ta \(mi        Ta minus
-.It \e-      Ta \-          Ta minus (text)
+.It \e-      Ta \-          Ta minus (text font)
+.It \e(mi    Ta \(mi        Ta minus (special font)
+.It +        Ta +           Ta plus (text font)
+.It \e(pl    Ta \(pl        Ta plus (special font)

 .It \e(-+    Ta \(-+        Ta minus-plus
 .It \e(-+    Ta \(-+        Ta minus-plus

-.It \e(+-    Ta \(+-        Ta plus-minus
-.It \e[t+-]  Ta \[t+-]      Ta plus-minus (text)
-.It \e(pc    Ta \(pc        Ta centre-dot
-.It \e(mu    Ta \(mu        Ta multiply
-.It \e[tmu]  Ta \[tmu]      Ta multiply (text)
+.It \e[t+-]  Ta \[t+-]      Ta plus-minus (text font)
+.It \e(+-    Ta \(+-        Ta plus-minus (special font)
+.It \e(pc    Ta \(pc        Ta center-dot
+.It \e[tmu]  Ta \[tmu]      Ta multiply (text font)
+.It \e(mu    Ta \(mu        Ta multiply (special font)

 .It \e(c*    Ta \(c*        Ta circle-multiply
 .It \e(c+    Ta \(c+        Ta circle-plus
 .It \e(c*    Ta \(c*        Ta circle-multiply
 .It \e(c+    Ta \(c+        Ta circle-plus

-.It \e(di    Ta \(di        Ta divide
-.It \e[tdi]  Ta \[tdi]      Ta divide (text)
+.It \e[tdi]  Ta \[tdi]      Ta divide (text font)
+.It \e(di    Ta \(di        Ta divide (special font)

 .It \e(f/    Ta \(f/        Ta fraction
 .It \e(**    Ta \(**        Ta asterisk
 .It \e(<=    Ta \(<=        Ta less-than-equal
 .It \e(f/    Ta \(f/        Ta fraction
 .It \e(**    Ta \(**        Ta asterisk
 .It \e(<=    Ta \(<=        Ta less-than-equal


@@ -369,11 +447,11 @@ Mathematical:
 .It \e(!=    Ta \(!=        Ta not equal
 .It \e(==    Ta \(==        Ta equivalent
 .It \e(ne    Ta \(ne        Ta not equivalent
 .It \e(!=    Ta \(!=        Ta not equal
 .It \e(==    Ta \(==        Ta equivalent
 .It \e(ne    Ta \(ne        Ta not equivalent

-.It \e(=~    Ta \(=~        Ta congruent
-.It \e(-~    Ta \(-~        Ta asymptotically congruent
-.It \e(ap    Ta \(ap        Ta asymptotically similar
-.It \e(~~    Ta \(~~        Ta approximately similar
-.It \e(~=    Ta \(~=        Ta approximately equal
+.It \e(ap    Ta \(ap        Ta tilde operator
+.It \e(|=    Ta \(|=        Ta asymptotically equal
+.It \e(=\(ti Ta \(=~        Ta approximately equal
+.It \e(\(ti\(ti Ta \(~~        Ta almost equal
+.It \e(\(ti= Ta \(~=        Ta almost equal

 .It \e(pt    Ta \(pt        Ta proportionate
 .It \e(es    Ta \(es        Ta empty set
 .It \e(mo    Ta \(mo        Ta element
 .It \e(pt    Ta \(pt        Ta proportionate
 .It \e(es    Ta \(es        Ta empty set
 .It \e(mo    Ta \(mo        Ta element


@@ -404,11 +482,20 @@ Mathematical:
 .It \e(Ah    Ta \(Ah        Ta aleph
 .It \e(Im    Ta \(Im        Ta imaginary
 .It \e(Re    Ta \(Re        Ta real
 .It \e(Ah    Ta \(Ah        Ta aleph
 .It \e(Im    Ta \(Im        Ta imaginary
 .It \e(Re    Ta \(Re        Ta real

+.It \e(wp    Ta \(wp        Ta Weierstrass p

 .It \e(pd    Ta \(pd        Ta partial differential
 .It \e(-h    Ta \(-h        Ta Planck constant over 2\(*p
 .It \e(pd    Ta \(pd        Ta partial differential
 .It \e(-h    Ta \(-h        Ta Planck constant over 2\(*p

-.It \e[12]   Ta \[12]       Ta one-half
-.It \e[14]   Ta \[14]       Ta one-fourth
-.It \e[34]   Ta \[34]       Ta three-fourths
+.It \e[hbar] Ta \[hbar]     Ta Planck constant over 2\(*p
+.It \e(12    Ta \(12        Ta one-half
+.It \e(14    Ta \(14        Ta one-fourth
+.It \e(34    Ta \(34        Ta three-fourths
+.It \e(18    Ta \(18        Ta one-eighth
+.It \e(38    Ta \(38        Ta three-eighths
+.It \e(58    Ta \(58        Ta five-eighths
+.It \e(78    Ta \(78        Ta seven-eighths
+.It \e(S1    Ta \(S1        Ta superscript 1
+.It \e(S2    Ta \(S2        Ta superscript 2
+.It \e(S3    Ta \(S3        Ta superscript 3

 .El
 .Pp
 Ligatures:
 .El
 .Pp
 Ligatures:


@@ -436,49 +523,51 @@ Accents:
 .It \e(a.    Ta \(a.        Ta dotted
 .It \e(a^    Ta \(a^        Ta circumflex
 .It \e(aa    Ta \(aa        Ta acute
 .It \e(a.    Ta \(a.        Ta dotted
 .It \e(a^    Ta \(a^        Ta circumflex
 .It \e(aa    Ta \(aa        Ta acute

-.It \e'      Ta \'          Ta acute
+.It \e\(aq   Ta \'          Ta acute

 .It \e(ga    Ta \(ga        Ta grave
 .It \e(ga    Ta \(ga        Ta grave

-.It \e`      Ta \`          Ta grave
+.It \e\(ga   Ta \`          Ta grave

 .It \e(ab    Ta \(ab        Ta breve
 .It \e(ac    Ta \(ac        Ta cedilla
 .It \e(ad    Ta \(ad        Ta dieresis
 .It \e(ah    Ta \(ah        Ta caron
 .It \e(ao    Ta \(ao        Ta ring
 .It \e(ab    Ta \(ab        Ta breve
 .It \e(ac    Ta \(ac        Ta cedilla
 .It \e(ad    Ta \(ad        Ta dieresis
 .It \e(ah    Ta \(ah        Ta caron
 .It \e(ao    Ta \(ao        Ta ring

-.It \e(a~    Ta \(a~        Ta tilde
+.It \e(a\(ti Ta \(a~        Ta tilde

 .It \e(ho    Ta \(ho        Ta ogonek
 .It \e(ho    Ta \(ho        Ta ogonek

-.It \e(ha    Ta \(ha        Ta hat (text)
-.It \e(ti    Ta \(ti        Ta tilde (text)
+.It \e(ha    Ta \(ha        Ta hat (ASCII character)
+.It \e(ti    Ta \(ti        Ta tilde (ASCII character)

 .El
 .Pp
 Accented letters:
 .Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
 .It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
 .El
 .Pp
 Accented letters:
 .Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
 .It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description

-.It \e('A    Ta \('A        Ta acute A
-.It \e('E    Ta \('E        Ta acute E
-.It \e('I    Ta \('I        Ta acute I
-.It \e('O    Ta \('O        Ta acute O
-.It \e('U    Ta \('U        Ta acute U
-.It \e('a    Ta \('a        Ta acute a
-.It \e('e    Ta \('e        Ta acute e
-.It \e('i    Ta \('i        Ta acute i
-.It \e('o    Ta \('o        Ta acute o
-.It \e('u    Ta \('u        Ta acute u
-.It \e(`A    Ta \(`A        Ta grave A
-.It \e(`E    Ta \(`E        Ta grave E
-.It \e(`I    Ta \(`I        Ta grave I
-.It \e(`O    Ta \(`O        Ta grave O
-.It \e(`U    Ta \(`U        Ta grave U
-.It \e(`a    Ta \(`a        Ta grave a
-.It \e(`e    Ta \(`e        Ta grave e
-.It \e(`i    Ta \(`i        Ta grave i
-.It \e(`o    Ta \(`i        Ta grave o
-.It \e(`u    Ta \(`u        Ta grave u
-.It \e(~A    Ta \(~A        Ta tilde A
-.It \e(~N    Ta \(~N        Ta tilde N
-.It \e(~O    Ta \(~O        Ta tilde O
-.It \e(~a    Ta \(~a        Ta tilde a
-.It \e(~n    Ta \(~n        Ta tilde n
-.It \e(~o    Ta \(~o        Ta tilde o
+.It \e(\(aqA Ta \('A        Ta acute A
+.It \e(\(aqE Ta \('E        Ta acute E
+.It \e(\(aqI Ta \('I        Ta acute I
+.It \e(\(aqO Ta \('O        Ta acute O
+.It \e(\(aqU Ta \('U        Ta acute U
+.It \e(\(aqY Ta \('Y        Ta acute Y
+.It \e(\(aqa Ta \('a        Ta acute a
+.It \e(\(aqe Ta \('e        Ta acute e
+.It \e(\(aqi Ta \('i        Ta acute i
+.It \e(\(aqo Ta \('o        Ta acute o
+.It \e(\(aqu Ta \('u        Ta acute u
+.It \e(\(aqy Ta \('y        Ta acute y
+.It \e(\(gaA Ta \(`A        Ta grave A
+.It \e(\(gaE Ta \(`E        Ta grave E
+.It \e(\(gaI Ta \(`I        Ta grave I
+.It \e(\(gaO Ta \(`O        Ta grave O
+.It \e(\(gaU Ta \(`U        Ta grave U
+.It \e(\(gaa Ta \(`a        Ta grave a
+.It \e(\(gae Ta \(`e        Ta grave e
+.It \e(\(gai Ta \(`i        Ta grave i
+.It \e(\(gao Ta \(`i        Ta grave o
+.It \e(\(gau Ta \(`u        Ta grave u
+.It \e(\(tiA Ta \(~A        Ta tilde A
+.It \e(\(tiN Ta \(~N        Ta tilde N
+.It \e(\(tiO Ta \(~O        Ta tilde O
+.It \e(\(tia Ta \(~a        Ta tilde a
+.It \e(\(tin Ta \(~n        Ta tilde n
+.It \e(\(tio Ta \(~o        Ta tilde o

 .It \e(:A    Ta \(:A        Ta dieresis A
 .It \e(:E    Ta \(:E        Ta dieresis E
 .It \e(:I    Ta \(:I        Ta dieresis I
 .It \e(:A    Ta \(:A        Ta dieresis A
 .It \e(:E    Ta \(:E        Ta dieresis E
 .It \e(:I    Ta \(:I        Ta dieresis I


@@ -542,6 +631,8 @@ Units:
 .It \e(fm    Ta \(fm        Ta minute
 .It \e(sd    Ta \(sd        Ta second
 .It \e(mc    Ta \(mc        Ta micro
 .It \e(fm    Ta \(fm        Ta minute
 .It \e(sd    Ta \(sd        Ta second
 .It \e(mc    Ta \(mc        Ta micro

+.It \e(Of    Ta \(Of        Ta Spanish female ordinal
+.It \e(Om    Ta \(Om        Ta Spanish masculine ordinal

 .El
 .Pp
 Greek letters:
 .El
 .Pp
 Greek letters:


@@ -655,36 +746,39 @@ manual.
 .It \e*(Ai   Ta \*(Ai       Ta ANSI standard name
 .El
 .Sh UNICODE CHARACTERS
 .It \e*(Ai   Ta \*(Ai       Ta ANSI standard name
 .El
 .Sh UNICODE CHARACTERS

-The escape sequence
+The escape sequences

 .Pp
 .Pp

-.Dl \e[uXXXX]
+.Dl \e[uXXXX] and \eC\(aquXXXX\(aq

 .Pp
 .Pp

-is interpreted as a Unicode codepoint.
+are interpreted as Unicode codepoints.

 The codepoint must be in the range above U+0080 and less than U+10FFFF.
 The codepoint must be in the range above U+0080 and less than U+10FFFF.

-For compatibility, points must be zero-padded to four characters; if
+For compatibility, the hexadecimal digits
+.Sq A
+to
+.Sq F
+must be given as uppercase characters,
+and points must be zero-padded to four characters; if

 greater than four characters, no zero padding is allowed.
 Unicode surrogates are not allowed.
 greater than four characters, no zero padding is allowed.
 Unicode surrogates are not allowed.

-.\" .Pp
-.\" Unicode glyphs attenuate to the
-.\" .Sq \&?
-.\" character if invalid or not rendered by current output media.

 .Sh NUMBERED CHARACTERS
 For backward compatibility with existing manuals,
 .Xr mandoc 1
 also supports the
 .Pp
 .Sh NUMBERED CHARACTERS
 For backward compatibility with existing manuals,
 .Xr mandoc 1
 also supports the
 .Pp

-.Dl \eN\(aq Ns Ar number Ns \(aq
+.Dl \eN\(aq Ns Ar number Ns \(aq and \e[ Ns Cm char Ns Ar number ]

 .Pp
 .Pp

-escape sequence, inserting the character
+escape sequences, inserting the character

 .Ar number
 from the current character set into the output.
 Of course, this is inherently non-portable and is already marked
 .Ar number
 from the current character set into the output.
 Of course, this is inherently non-portable and is already marked

-as deprecated in the Heirloom roff manual.
-For example, do not use \eN'34', use \e(dq, or even the plain
+as deprecated in the Heirloom roff manual;
+on top of that, the second form is a GNU extension.
+For example, do not use \eN\(aq34\(aq or \e[char34], use \e(dq,
+or even the plain

 .Sq \(dq
 character where possible.
 .Sh COMPATIBILITY
 .Sq \(dq
 character where possible.
 .Sh COMPATIBILITY

-This section documents compatibility between mandoc and other other
+This section documents compatibility between mandoc and other

 troff implementations, at this time limited to GNU troff
 .Pq Qq groff .
 .Pp
 troff implementations, at this time limited to GNU troff
 .Pq Qq groff .
 .Pp


@@ -697,14 +791,12 @@ In
 .Fl T Ns Cm ascii ,
 the
 \e(ss, \e(nm, \e(nb, \e(nc, \e(ib, \e(ip, \e(pp, \e[sum], \e[product],
 .Fl T Ns Cm ascii ,
 the
 \e(ss, \e(nm, \e(nb, \e(nc, \e(ib, \e(ip, \e(pp, \e[sum], \e[product],

-\e[coproduct], \e(gr, \e(\-h, and \e(a. special characters render
+\e[coproduct], \e(gr, \e(-h, and \e(a. special characters render

 differently between mandoc and groff.
 .It
 In
 differently between mandoc and groff.
 .It
 In

-.Fl T Ns Cm html
-and
-.Fl T Ns Cm xhtml ,
-the \e(~=, \e(nb, and \e(nc special characters render differently
+.Fl T Ns Cm html ,
+the \e(\(ti=, \e(nb, and \e(nc special characters render differently

 between mandoc and groff.
 .It
 The
 between mandoc and groff.
 .It
 The


@@ -728,12 +820,11 @@ known representation.
 The
 .Nm
 manual page was written by
 The
 .Nm
 manual page was written by

-.An Kristaps Dzonsons ,
-.Mt kristaps@bsd.lv .
+.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq Mt kristaps@bsd.lv .

 .Sh CAVEATS
 .Sh CAVEATS

-The
+The predefined string

 .Sq \e*(Ba
 .Sq \e*(Ba

-escape mimics the behaviour of the
+mimics the behaviour of the

 .Sq \&|
 character in
 .Xr mdoc 7 ;
 .Sq \&|
 character in
 .Xr mdoc 7 ;