-.\" $Id: mandoc.3,v 1.3 2011/04/09 15:53:48 kristaps Exp $
+.\" $Id: mandoc.3,v 1.44 2018/12/30 00:49:55 schwarze Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
-.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2010-2017 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
.\"
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
.\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: April 9 2011 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: December 30 2018 $
.Dt MANDOC 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm mandoc ,
-.Nm mandoc_escape ,
-.Nm man_meta ,
-.Nm man_node ,
-.Nm mdoc_meta ,
-.Nm mdoc_node ,
+.Nm deroff ,
.Nm mparse_alloc ,
+.Nm mparse_copy ,
.Nm mparse_free ,
+.Nm mparse_open ,
.Nm mparse_readfd ,
.Nm mparse_reset ,
-.Nm mparse_result ,
-.Nm mparse_strerror ,
-.Nm mparse_strlevel
+.Nm mparse_result
.Nd mandoc macro compiler library
.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.In man.h
-.In mdoc.h
+.In sys/types.h
+.In stdio.h
.In mandoc.h
-.Ft "enum mandoc_esc"
-.Fo mandoc_escape
-.Fa "const char **in"
-.Fa "const char **seq"
-.Fa "int *len"
-.Fc
-.Ft "const struct man_meta *"
-.Fo man_meta
-.Fa "const struct man *man"
-.Fc
-.Ft "const struct man_node *"
-.Fo man_node
-.Fa "const struct man *man"
-.Fc
-.Ft "const struct mdoc_meta *"
-.Fo mdoc_meta
-.Fa "const struct mdoc *mdoc"
-.Fc
-.Ft "const struct mdoc_node *"
-.Fo mdoc_node
-.Fa "const struct mdoc *mdoc"
-.Fc
-.Ft void
+.Pp
+.Fd "#define ASCII_NBRSP"
+.Fd "#define ASCII_HYPH"
+.Fd "#define ASCII_BREAK"
+.Ft struct mparse *
.Fo mparse_alloc
-.Fa "enum mparset type"
-.Fa "enum mandoclevel wlevel"
-.Fa "mandocmsg msg"
-.Fa "void *msgarg"
+.Fa "int options"
+.Fa "enum mandoc_os oe_e"
+.Fa "char *os_s"
.Fc
.Ft void
.Fo mparse_free
.Fa "struct mparse *parse"
.Fc
-.Ft "enum mandoclevel"
+.Ft void
+.Fo mparse_copy
+.Fa "const struct mparse *parse"
+.Fc
+.Ft int
+.Fo mparse_open
+.Fa "struct mparse *parse"
+.Fa "const char *fname"
+.Fc
+.Ft void
.Fo mparse_readfd
.Fa "struct mparse *parse"
.Fa "int fd"
.Fo mparse_reset
.Fa "struct mparse *parse"
.Fc
-.Ft void
+.Ft struct roff_meta *
.Fo mparse_result
.Fa "struct mparse *parse"
-.Fa "struct mdoc **mdoc"
-.Fa "struct man **man"
.Fc
-.Ft "const char *"
-.Fo mparse_strerror
-.Fa "enum mandocerr"
-.Fc
-.Ft "const char *"
-.Fo mparse_strlevel
-.Fa "enum mandoclevel"
+.In roff.h
+.Ft void
+.Fo deroff
+.Fa "char **dest"
+.Fa "const struct roff_node *node"
.Fc
-.Vt extern const char * const * man_macronames;
+.In sys/types.h
+.In mandoc.h
+.In mdoc.h
.Vt extern const char * const * mdoc_argnames;
.Vt extern const char * const * mdoc_macronames;
+.In sys/types.h
+.In mandoc.h
+.In man.h
+.Vt extern const char * const * man_macronames;
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm mandoc
.Bl -enum
.It
initiate a parsing sequence with
+.Xr mchars_alloc 3
+and
.Fn mparse_alloc ;
.It
-parse files or file descriptors with
+open a file with
+.Xr open 2
+or
+.Fn mparse_open ;
+.It
+parse it with
.Fn mparse_readfd ;
.It
-retrieve a parsed syntax tree, if the parse was successful, with
+close it with
+.Xr close 2 ;
+.It
+retrieve the syntax tree with
.Fn mparse_result ;
.It
-iterate over parse nodes with
-.Fn mdoc_node
-or
-.Fn man_node ;
+if information about the validity of the input is needed, fetch it with
+.Fn mparse_updaterc ;
+.It
+iterate over parse nodes with starting from the
+.Fa first
+member of the returned
+.Vt struct roff_meta ;
.It
free all allocated memory with
-.Fn mparse_free ,
+.Fn mparse_free
+and
+.Xr mchars_free 3 ,
or invoke
.Fn mparse_reset
-and parse new files.
+and go back to step 2 to parse new files.
.El
.Sh REFERENCE
This section documents the functions, types, and variables available
via
-.In mandoc.h .
+.In mandoc.h ,
+with the exception of those documented in
+.Xr mandoc_escape 3
+and
+.Xr mchars_alloc 3 .
.Ss Types
.Bl -ohang
-.It Vt "enum mandoc_esc"
.It Vt "enum mandocerr"
+An error or warning message during parsing.
.It Vt "enum mandoclevel"
-.It Vt "enum mparset"
+A classification of an
+.Vt "enum mandocerr"
+as regards system operation.
+See the DIAGNOSTICS section in
+.Xr mandoc 1
+regarding the meanings of the levels.
.It Vt "struct mparse"
-.It Vt "mandocmsg"
+An opaque pointer to a running parse sequence.
+Created with
+.Fn mparse_alloc
+and freed with
+.Fn mparse_free .
+This may be used across parsed input if
+.Fn mparse_reset
+is called between parses.
.El
.Ss Functions
.Bl -ohang
-.It Fn mandoc_escape
-.It Fn man_meta
-.It Fn man_node
-.It Fn mdoc_meta
-.It Fn mdoc_node
+.It Fn deroff
+Obtain a text-only representation of a
+.Vt struct roff_node ,
+including text contained in its child nodes.
+To be used on children of the
+.Fa first
+member of
+.Vt struct roff_meta .
+When it is no longer needed, the pointer returned from
+.Fn deroff
+can be passed to
+.Xr free 3 .
.It Fn mparse_alloc
+Allocate a parser.
+The arguments have the following effect:
+.Bl -tag -offset 5n -width inttype
+.It Ar options
+When the
+.Dv MPARSE_MDOC
+or
+.Dv MPARSE_MAN
+bit is set, only that parser is used.
+Otherwise, the document type is automatically detected.
+.Pp
+When the
+.Dv MPARSE_SO
+bit is set,
+.Xr roff 7
+.Ic \&so
+file inclusion requests are always honoured.
+Otherwise, if the request is the only content in an input file,
+only the file name is remembered, to be returned in the
+.Fa sodest
+field of
+.Vt struct roff_meta .
+.Pp
+When the
+.Dv MPARSE_QUICK
+bit is set, parsing is aborted after the NAME section.
+This is for example useful in
+.Xr makewhatis 8
+.Fl Q
+to quickly build minimal databases.
+.Pp
+When the
+.Dv MARSE_VALIDATE
+bit is set,
+.Fn mparse_result
+runs the validation functions before returning the syntax tree.
+This is almost always required, except in certain debugging scenarios,
+for example to dump unvalidated syntax trees.
+.It Ar os_e
+Operating system to check base system conventions for.
+If
+.Dv MANDOC_OS_OTHER ,
+the system is automatically detected from
+.Ic \&Os ,
+.Fl Ios ,
+or
+.Xr uname 3 .
+.It Ar os_s
+A default string for the
+.Xr mdoc 7
+.Ic \&Os
+macro, overriding the
+.Dv OSNAME
+preprocessor definition and the results of
+.Xr uname 3 .
+Passing
+.Dv NULL
+sets no default.
+.El
+.Pp
+The same parser may be used for multiple files so long as
+.Fn mparse_reset
+is called between parses.
+.Fn mparse_free
+must be called to free the memory allocated by this function.
+Declared in
+.In mandoc.h ,
+implemented in
+.Pa read.c .
.It Fn mparse_free
+Free all memory allocated by
+.Fn mparse_alloc .
+Declared in
+.In mandoc.h ,
+implemented in
+.Pa read.c .
+.It Fn mparse_copy
+Dump a copy of the input to the standard output; used for
+.Fl man T Ns Cm man .
+Declared in
+.In mandoc.h ,
+implemented in
+.Pa read.c .
+.It Fn mparse_open
+Open the file for reading.
+If that fails and
+.Fa fname
+does not already end in
+.Ql .gz ,
+try again after appending
+.Ql .gz .
+Save the information whether the file is zipped or not.
+Return a file descriptor open for reading or -1 on failure.
+It can be passed to
+.Fn mparse_readfd
+or used directly.
+Declared in
+.In mandoc.h ,
+implemented in
+.Pa read.c .
.It Fn mparse_readfd
+Parse a file descriptor opened with
+.Xr open 2
+or
+.Fn mparse_open .
+Pass the associated filename in
+.Va fname .
+This function may be called multiple times with different parameters; however,
+.Xr close 2
+and
+.Fn mparse_reset
+should be invoked between parses.
+Declared in
+.In mandoc.h ,
+implemented in
+.Pa read.c .
.It Fn mparse_reset
+Reset a parser so that
+.Fn mparse_readfd
+may be used again.
+Declared in
+.In mandoc.h ,
+implemented in
+.Pa read.c .
.It Fn mparse_result
-.It Fn mparse_strerror
-.It Fn mparse_strlevel
+Obtain the result of a parse.
+Declared in
+.In mandoc.h ,
+implemented in
+.Pa read.c .
.El
.Ss Variables
.Bl -ohang
.It Va man_macronames
+The string representation of a
+.Xr man 7
+macro as indexed by
+.Vt "enum mant" .
.It Va mdoc_argnames
+The string representation of an
+.Xr mdoc 7
+macro argument as indexed by
+.Vt "enum mdocargt" .
.It Va mdoc_macronames
+The string representation of an
+.Xr mdoc 7
+macro as indexed by
+.Vt "enum mdoct" .
.El
.Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
This section consists of structural documentation for
.Xr mdoc 7
and
.Xr man 7
-syntax trees.
+syntax trees and strings.
+.Ss Man and Mdoc Strings
+Strings may be extracted from mdoc and man meta-data, or from text
+nodes (MDOC_TEXT and MAN_TEXT, respectively).
+These strings have special non-printing formatting cues embedded in the
+text itself, as well as
+.Xr roff 7
+escapes preserved from input.
+Implementing systems will need to handle both situations to produce
+human-readable text.
+In general, strings may be assumed to consist of 7-bit ASCII characters.
+.Pp
+The following non-printing characters may be embedded in text strings:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Dv ASCII_NBRSP
+A non-breaking space character.
+.It Dv ASCII_HYPH
+A soft hyphen.
+.It Dv ASCII_BREAK
+A breakable zero-width space.
+.El
+.Pp
+Escape characters are also passed verbatim into text strings.
+An escape character is a sequence of characters beginning with the
+backslash
+.Pq Sq \e .
+To construct human-readable text, these should be intercepted with
+.Xr mandoc_escape 3
+and converted with one the functions described in
+.Xr mchars_alloc 3 .
.Ss Man Abstract Syntax Tree
This AST is governed by the ontological rules dictated in
.Xr man 7
and derives its terminology accordingly.
.Pp
The AST is composed of
-.Vt struct man_node
+.Vt struct roff_node
nodes with element, root and text types as declared by the
.Va type
field.
Each node also provides its parse point (the
.Va line ,
-.Va sec ,
+.Va pos ,
and
-.Va pos
+.Va sec
fields), its position in the tree (the
.Va parent ,
.Va child ,
.It ELEMENT
\(<- ELEMENT | TEXT*
.It TEXT
-\(<- [[:alpha:]]*
+\(<- [[:ascii:]]*
.El
.Pp
The only elements capable of nesting other elements are those with
-next-lint scope as documented in
+next-line scope as documented in
.Xr man 7 .
.Ss Mdoc Abstract Syntax Tree
This AST is governed by the ontological
.Qq elements .
.Pp
The AST is composed of
-.Vt struct mdoc_node
+.Vt struct roff_node
nodes with block, head, body, element, root and text types as declared
by the
.Va type
field.
Each node also provides its parse point (the
.Va line ,
-.Va sec ,
+.Va pos ,
and
-.Va pos
+.Va sec
fields), its position in the tree (the
.Va parent ,
.Va child ,
-.Va nchild ,
+.Va last ,
.Va next
and
.Va prev
.It TAIL
\(<- mnode*
.It TEXT
-\(<- [[:printable:],0x1e]*
+\(<- [[:ascii:]]*
.El
.Pp
Of note are the TEXT nodes following the HEAD, BODY and TAIL nodes of
.Pp
The
.Xr mdoc 7
-syntax tree accomodates for broken block structures as well.
+syntax tree accommodates for broken block structures as well.
The ENDBODY node is available to end the formatting associated
with a given block before the physical end of that block.
It has a non-null
.Ed
.Pp
Here, the formatting of the
-.Sq \&Ao
+.Ic \&Ao
block extends from TEXT ao to TEXT ac,
while the formatting of the
-.Sq \&Bo
+.Ic \&Bo
block extends from TEXT bo to TEXT bc.
It renders as follows in
.Fl T Ns Cm ascii
.Em strongly discouraged ;
for example, the
.Fl T Ns Cm html
-and
-.Fl T Ns Cm xhtml
-front-ends to
+front-end to
.Xr mandoc 1
-are unable to render them in any meaningful way.
+is unable to render them in any meaningful way.
Furthermore, behaviour when encountering badly-nested blocks is not
-consistent across troff implementations, especially when using multiple
+consistent across troff implementations, especially when using multiple
levels of badly-nested blocks.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr mandoc 1 ,
+.Xr man.cgi 3 ,
+.Xr mandoc_escape 3 ,
+.Xr mandoc_headers 3 ,
+.Xr mandoc_malloc 3 ,
+.Xr mansearch 3 ,
+.Xr mchars_alloc 3 ,
+.Xr tbl 3 ,
.Xr eqn 7 ,
.Xr man 7 ,
+.Xr mandoc_char 7 ,
.Xr mdoc 7 ,
.Xr roff 7 ,
.Xr tbl 7
.Sh AUTHORS
+.An -nosplit
The
.Nm
library was written by
-.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@bsd.lv .
+.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq Mt kristaps@bsd.lv
+and is maintained by
+.An Ingo Schwarze Aq Mt schwarze@openbsd.org .
git.ckatri.com / mandoc.git / blobdiff