Modernize an example showing antiquated syntax,

[mandoc.git] / roff.7

diff --git a/roff.7 b/roff.7
index 06a94cc31643bd6cd9041e53ed314ddff0bea448..b6876e3565fcb9f57fbb77278ff2ac29303f985b 100644 (file)
--- a/roff.7
+++ b/roff.7
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-.\"    $Id: roff.7,v 1.20 2011/01/03 16:04:41 kristaps Exp $
+.\"    $Id: roff.7,v 1.80 2017/05/08 15:34:54 schwarze Exp $

 .\"
 .\"

-.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
-.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2010, 2011, 2012 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2010,2011,2013-2015,2017 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>

 .\"
 .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 .\"
 .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above


@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 .\"
 .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 .\"

-.Dd $Mdocdate: January 3 2011 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: May 8 2017 $

 .Dt ROFF 7
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
 .Dt ROFF 7
 .Os
 .Sh NAME


@@ -25,42 +25,291 @@
 The
 .Nm roff
 language is a general purpose text formatting language.
 The
 .Nm roff
 language is a general purpose text formatting language.

-In particular, it serves as the basis for the
+Since traditional implementations of the

 .Xr mdoc 7
 and
 .Xr man 7
 .Xr mdoc 7
 and
 .Xr man 7

-manual formatting macro languages.
-This manual describes the subset of the
+manual formatting languages are based on it,
+many real-world manuals use small numbers of

 .Nm
 .Nm

-language accepted by the
+requests and escape sequences intermixed with their
+.Xr mdoc 7
+or
+.Xr man 7
+code.
+To properly format such manuals, the
+.Xr mandoc 1
+utility supports a tiny subset of
+.Nm
+requests and escapes.
+Only these requests and escapes supported by

 .Xr mandoc 1
 .Xr mandoc 1

-utility.
+are documented in the present manual,
+together with the basic language syntax shared by
+.Nm ,
+.Xr mdoc 7 ,
+and
+.Xr man 7 .
+For complete
+.Nm
+manuals, consult the
+.Sx SEE ALSO
+section.

 .Pp
 .Pp

-Input lines beginning with the control characters
+Input lines beginning with the control character

 .Sq \&.
 .Sq \&.

-or
-.Sq \(aq

 are parsed for requests and macros.
 are parsed for requests and macros.

-These define the document structure, change the processing state
-and manipulate the formatting.
-Some requests and macros also produce formatted output,
-while others do not.
-.Pp
-All other input lines provide free-form text to be printed;
-the formatting of free-form text depends on the respective
-processing context.
+Such lines are called
+.Dq request lines
+or
+.Dq macro lines ,
+respectively.
+Requests change the processing state and manipulate the formatting;
+some macros also define the document structure and produce formatted
+output.
+The single quote
+.Pq Qq \(aq
+is accepted as an alternative control character,
+treated by
+.Xr mandoc 1
+just like
+.Ql \&.
+.Pp
+Lines not beginning with control characters are called
+.Dq text lines .
+They provide free-form text to be printed; the formatting of the text
+depends on the respective processing context.

 .Sh LANGUAGE SYNTAX
 .Nm
 documents may contain only graphable 7-bit ASCII characters, the space
 character, and, in certain circumstances, the tab character.
 .Sh LANGUAGE SYNTAX
 .Nm
 documents may contain only graphable 7-bit ASCII characters, the space
 character, and, in certain circumstances, the tab character.

-To produce other characters in the output, use the escape sequences
-documented in the
+The backslash character
+.Sq \e
+indicates the start of an escape sequence, used for example for
+.Sx Comments ,
+.Sx Special Characters ,
+.Sx Predefined Strings ,
+and
+user-defined strings defined using the
+.Sx ds
+request.
+For a listing of escape sequences, consult the
+.Sx ESCAPE SEQUENCE REFERENCE
+below.
+.Ss Comments
+Text following an escaped double-quote
+.Sq \e\(dq ,
+whether in a request, macro, or text line, is ignored to the end of the line.
+A request line beginning with a control character and comment escape
+.Sq \&.\e\(dq
+is also ignored.
+Furthermore, request lines with only a control character and optional
+trailing whitespace are stripped from input.
+.Pp
+Examples:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
+\&.\e\(dq This is a comment line.
+\&.\e\(dq The next line is ignored:
+\&.
+\&.Sh EXAMPLES \e\(dq This is a comment, too.
+\&example text \e\(dq And so is this.
+.Ed
+.Ss Special Characters
+Special characters are used to encode special glyphs and are rendered
+differently across output media.
+They may occur in request, macro, and text lines.
+Sequences begin with the escape character
+.Sq \e
+followed by either an open-parenthesis
+.Sq \&(
+for two-character sequences; an open-bracket
+.Sq \&[
+for n-character sequences (terminated at a close-bracket
+.Sq \&] ) ;
+or a single one character sequence.
+.Pp
+Examples:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
+.It Li \e(em
+Two-letter em dash escape.
+.It Li \ee
+One-letter backslash escape.
+.El
+.Pp
+See

 .Xr mandoc_char 7
 .Xr mandoc_char 7

-manual.
+for a complete list.
+.Ss Text Decoration
+Terms may be text-decorated using the
+.Sq \ef
+escape followed by an indicator: B (bold), I (italic), R (regular), or P
+(revert to previous mode).
+A numerical representation 3, 2, or 1 (bold, italic, and regular,
+respectively) may be used instead.
+The indicator or numerical representative may be preceded by C
+(constant-width), which is ignored.
+.Pp
+The two-character indicator
+.Sq BI
+requests a font that is both bold and italic.
+It may not be portable to old roff implementations.
+.Pp
+Examples:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
+.It Li \efBbold\efR
+Write in \fBbold\fP, then switch to regular font mode.
+.It Li \efIitalic\efP
+Write in \fIitalic\fP, then return to previous font mode.
+.It Li \ef(BIbold italic\efP
+Write in \f(BIbold italic\fP, then return to previous font mode.
+.El
+.Pp
+Text decoration is
+.Em not
+recommended for
+.Xr mdoc 7 ,
+which encourages semantic annotation.
+.Ss Predefined Strings
+Predefined strings, like
+.Sx Special Characters ,
+mark special output glyphs.
+Predefined strings are escaped with the slash-asterisk,
+.Sq \e* :
+single-character
+.Sq \e*X ,
+two-character
+.Sq \e*(XX ,
+and N-character
+.Sq \e*[N] .
+.Pp
+Examples:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
+.It Li \e*(Am
+Two-letter ampersand predefined string.
+.It Li \e*q
+One-letter double-quote predefined string.
+.El
+.Pp
+Predefined strings are not recommended for use,
+as they differ across implementations.
+Those supported by
+.Xr mandoc 1
+are listed in
+.Xr mandoc_char 7 .
+Manuals using these predefined strings are almost certainly not portable.
+.Ss Whitespace
+Whitespace consists of the space character.
+In text lines, whitespace is preserved within a line.
+In request and macro lines, whitespace delimits arguments and is discarded.

 .Pp
 .Pp

-All manuals must have
-.Ux
-line terminators.
+Unescaped trailing spaces are stripped from text line input unless in a
+literal context.
+In general, trailing whitespace on any input line is discouraged for
+reasons of portability.
+In the rare case that a blank character is needed at the end of an
+input line, it may be forced by
+.Sq \e\ \e& .
+.Pp
+Literal space characters can be produced in the output
+using escape sequences.
+In macro lines, they can also be included in arguments using quotation; see
+.Sx MACRO SYNTAX
+for details.
+.Pp
+Blank text lines, which may include whitespace, are only permitted
+within literal contexts.
+If the first character of a text line is a space, that line is printed
+with a leading newline.
+.Ss Scaling Widths
+Many requests and macros support scaled widths for their arguments.
+The syntax for a scaled width is
+.Sq Li [+-]?[0-9]*.[0-9]*[:unit:] ,
+where a decimal must be preceded or followed by at least one digit.
+Negative numbers, while accepted, are truncated to zero.
+.Pp
+The following scaling units are accepted:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
+.It c
+centimetre
+.It i
+inch
+.It P
+pica (~1/6 inch)
+.It p
+point (~1/72 inch)
+.It f
+scale
+.Sq u
+by 65536
+.It v
+default vertical span
+.It m
+width of rendered
+.Sq m
+.Pq em
+character
+.It n
+width of rendered
+.Sq n
+.Pq en
+character
+.It u
+default horizontal span for the terminal
+.It M
+mini-em (~1/100 em)
+.El
+.Pp
+Using anything other than
+.Sq m ,
+.Sq n ,
+or
+.Sq v
+is necessarily non-portable across output media.
+See
+.Sx COMPATIBILITY .
+.Pp
+If a scaling unit is not provided, the numerical value is interpreted
+under the default rules of
+.Sq v
+for vertical spaces and
+.Sq u
+for horizontal ones.
+.Pp
+Examples:
+.Bl -tag -width ".Bl -tag -width 2i" -offset indent -compact
+.It Li \&.Bl -tag -width 2i
+two-inch tagged list indentation in
+.Xr mdoc 7
+.It Li \&.HP 2i
+two-inch tagged list indentation in
+.Xr man 7
+.It Li \&.sp 2v
+two vertical spaces
+.El
+.Ss Sentence Spacing
+Each sentence should terminate at the end of an input line.
+By doing this, a formatter will be able to apply the proper amount of
+spacing after the end of sentence (unescaped) period, exclamation mark,
+or question mark followed by zero or more non-sentence closing
+delimiters
+.Po
+.Sq \&) ,
+.Sq \&] ,
+.Sq \&' ,
+.Sq \&"
+.Pc .
+.Pp
+The proper spacing is also intelligently preserved if a sentence ends at
+the boundary of a macro line.
+.Pp
+Examples:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
+Do not end sentences mid-line like this.  Instead,
+end a sentence like this.
+A macro would end like this:
+\&.Xr mandoc 1 \&.
+.Ed

 .Sh REQUEST SYNTAX
 A request or macro line consists of:
 .Pp
 .Sh REQUEST SYNTAX
 A request or macro line consists of:
 .Pp


@@ -86,65 +335,278 @@ Thus, the following request lines are all equivalent:
 \&.ig    end
 \&.   ig end
 .Ed
 \&.ig    end
 \&.   ig end
 .Ed

+.Sh MACRO SYNTAX
+Macros are provided by the
+.Xr mdoc 7
+and
+.Xr man 7
+languages and can be defined by the
+.Sx \&de
+request.
+When called, they follow the same syntax as requests, except that
+macro arguments may optionally be quoted by enclosing them
+in double quote characters
+.Pq Sq \(dq .
+Quoted text, even if it contains whitespace or would cause
+a macro invocation when unquoted, is always considered literal text.
+Inside quoted text, pairs of double quote characters
+.Pq Sq Qq
+resolve to single double quote characters.
+.Pp
+To be recognised as the beginning of a quoted argument, the opening
+quote character must be preceded by a space character.
+A quoted argument extends to the next double quote character that is not
+part of a pair, or to the end of the input line, whichever comes earlier.
+Leaving out the terminating double quote character at the end of the line
+is discouraged.
+For clarity, if more arguments follow on the same input line,
+it is recommended to follow the terminating double quote character
+by a space character; in case the next character after the terminating
+double quote character is anything else, it is regarded as the beginning
+of the next, unquoted argument.
+.Pp
+Both in quoted and unquoted arguments, pairs of backslashes
+.Pq Sq \e\e
+resolve to single backslashes.
+In unquoted arguments, space characters can alternatively be included
+by preceding them with a backslash
+.Pq Sq \e\~ ,
+but quoting is usually better for clarity.
+.Pp
+Examples:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
+.It Li .Fn strlen \(dqconst char *s\(dq
+Group arguments
+.Qq const char *s
+into one function argument.
+If unspecified,
+.Qq const ,
+.Qq char ,
+and
+.Qq *s
+would be considered separate arguments.
+.It Li .Op \(dqFl a\(dq
+Consider
+.Qq \&Fl a
+as literal text instead of a flag macro.
+.El

 .Sh REQUEST REFERENCE
 The
 .Xr mandoc 1
 .Nm
 .Sh REQUEST REFERENCE
 The
 .Xr mandoc 1
 .Nm

-parser recognizes the following requests.
-Note that the
-.Nm
-language defines many more requests not implemented in
-.Xr mandoc 1 .
-.Ss \&ad
-Set line adjustment mode.
-This line-scoped request is intended to have one argument to select
-normal, left, right, or center adjustment for subsequent text.
-Currently, it is ignored including its arguments,
-and the number of arguments is not checked.
-.Ss \&am
+parser recognises the following requests.
+For requests marked as "ignored" or "unsupported", any arguments are
+ignored, and the number of arguments is not checked.
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic \&ab Op Ar message
+Abort processing.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&ad Op Cm b | c | l | n | r
+Set line adjustment mode for subsequent text.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&af Ar registername format
+Assign an output format to a number register.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&aln Ar newname oldname
+Create an alias for a number register.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&als Ar newname oldname
+Create an alias for a request, string, macro, or diversion.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&am Ar macroname Op Ar endmacro

 Append to a macro definition.
 The syntax of this request is the same as that of
 Append to a macro definition.
 The syntax of this request is the same as that of

-.Sx \&de .
-It is currently ignored by
-.Xr mandoc 1 ,
-as are its children.
-.Ss \&ami
-Append to a macro definition, specifying the macro name indirectly.
-The syntax of this request is the same as that of
-.Sx \&dei .
-It is currently ignored by
-.Xr mandoc 1 ,
-as are its children.
-.Ss \&am1
+.Ic \&de .
+.It Ic \&am1 Ar macroname Op Ar endmacro

 Append to a macro definition, switching roff compatibility mode off
 Append to a macro definition, switching roff compatibility mode off

-during macro execution.
+during macro execution (groff extension).

 The syntax of this request is the same as that of
 The syntax of this request is the same as that of

-.Sx \&de1 .
-It is currently ignored by
-.Xr mandoc 1 ,
-as are its children.
-.Ss \&de
+.Ic \&de1 .
+Since
+.Xr mandoc 1
+does not implement
+.Nm
+compatibility mode at all, it handles this request as an alias for
+.Ic \&am .
+.It Ic \&ami Ar macrostring Op Ar endstring
+Append to a macro definition, specifying the macro name indirectly
+(groff extension).
+The syntax of this request is the same as that of
+.Ic \&dei .
+.It Ic \&ami1 Ar macrostring Op Ar endstring
+Append to a macro definition, specifying the macro name indirectly
+and switching roff compatibility mode off during macro execution
+(groff extension).
+The syntax of this request is the same as that of
+.Ic \&dei1 .
+Since
+.Xr mandoc 1
+does not implement
+.Nm
+compatibility mode at all, it handles this request as an alias for
+.Ic \&ami .
+.It Ic \&as Ar stringname Op Ar string
+Append to a user-defined string.
+The syntax of this request is the same as that of
+.Sx \&ds .
+If a user-defined string with the specified name does not yet exist,
+it is set to the empty string before appending.
+.It Ic \&as1 Ar stringname Op Ar string
+Append to a user-defined string, switching roff compatibility mode off
+during macro execution (groff extension).
+The syntax of this request is the same as that of
+.Ic \&ds1 .
+Since
+.Xr mandoc 1
+does not implement
+.Nm
+compatibility mode at all, it handles this request as an alias for
+.Ic \&as .
+.It Ic \&asciify Ar divname
+Fully unformat a diversion.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&backtrace
+Print a backtrace of the input stack.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&bd Ar font Oo Ar curfont Oc Op Ar offset
+Artificially embolden by repeated printing with small shifts.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&bleedat Ar left top width height
+Set the BleedBox page parameter for PDF generation.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&blm Ar macroname
+Set a blank line trap.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&box Ar divname
+Begin a diversion without including a partially filled line.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&boxa Ar divname
+Add to a diversion without including a partially filled line.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&bp Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar pagenumber
+Begin a new page.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&BP Ar source height width position offset flags label
+Define a frame and place a picture in it.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&br
+Break the output line.
+.It Ic \&break
+Break out of a
+.Ic \&while
+loop.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&breakchar Ar char ...
+Optional line break characters.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&brnl Ar N
+Break output line after the next
+.Ar N
+input lines.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&brp
+Break and spread output line.
+Currently, this is implemented as an alias for
+.Ic \&br .
+.It Ic \&brpnl Ar N
+Break and spread output line after the next
+.Ar N
+input lines.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&c2 Op Ar char
+Change the no-break control character.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&cc Op Ar char
+Change the control character.
+If
+.Ar char
+is not specified, the control character is reset to
+.Sq \&. .
+Trailing characters are ignored.
+.It Ic \&ce Op Ar N
+Center the next
+.Ar N
+input lines without filling.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&cf Ar filename
+Output the contents of a file.
+Ignored because insecure.
+.It Ic \&cflags Ar flags char ...
+Set character flags.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&ch Ar macroname Op Ar dist
+Change a trap location.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&char Ar glyphname Op Ar string
+Define a new glyph.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&chop Ar stringname
+Remove the last character from a macro, string, or diversion.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&class Ar classname char ...
+Define a character class.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&close Ar streamname
+Close an open file.
+Ignored because insecure.
+.It Ic \&CL Ar color text
+Print text in color.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&color Op Cm 1 | 0
+Activate or deactivate colors.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&composite Ar from to
+Define a name component for composite glyph names.
+This is a groff extension and currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&continue
+Immediately start the next iteration of a
+.Ic \&while
+loop.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&cp Op Cm 1 | 0
+Switch
+.Nm
+compatibility mode on or off.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&cropat Ar left top width height
+Set the CropBox page parameter for PDF generation.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&cs Ar font Op Ar width Op Ar emsize
+Constant character spacing mode.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&cu Op Ar N
+Underline next
+.Ar N
+input lines including whitespace.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&da Ar divname
+Append to a diversion.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&dch Ar macroname Op Ar dist
+Change a trap location in the current diversion.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&de Ar macroname Op Ar endmacro

 Define a
 .Nm
 macro.
 Its syntax can be either
 .Bd -literal -offset indent
 Define a
 .Nm
 macro.
 Its syntax can be either
 .Bd -literal -offset indent

-.Pf . Cm \&de Ar name
-.Ar macro definition
+.Pf . Ic \&de Ar macroname
+.Ar definition

 \&..
 .Ed
 .Pp
 or
 .Bd -literal -offset indent
 \&..
 .Ed
 .Pp
 or
 .Bd -literal -offset indent

-.Pf . Cm \&de Ar name Ar end
-.Ar macro definition
-.Pf . Ar end
+.Pf . Ic \&de Ar macroname Ar endmacro
+.Ar definition
+.Pf . Ar endmacro

 .Ed
 .Pp
 Both forms define or redefine the macro
 .Ed
 .Pp
 Both forms define or redefine the macro

-.Ar name
+.Ar macroname

 to represent the
 to represent the

-.Ar macro definition ,
+.Ar definition ,

 which may consist of one or more input lines, including the newline
 characters terminating each line, optionally containing calls to
 .Nm
 which may consist of one or more input lines, including the newline
 characters terminating each line, optionally containing calls to
 .Nm


@@ -157,13 +619,13 @@ or
 macros, whichever applies to the document in question.
 .Pp
 Specifying a custom
 macros, whichever applies to the document in question.
 .Pp
 Specifying a custom

-.Ar end
+.Ar endmacro

 macro works in the same way as for
 macro works in the same way as for

-.Sx \&ig ;
+.Ic \&ig ;

 namely, the call to
 namely, the call to

-.Sq Pf . Ar end
+.Sq Pf . Ar endmacro

 first ends the
 first ends the

-.Ar macro definition ,
+.Ar definition ,

 and after that, it is also evaluated as a
 .Nm
 request or
 and after that, it is also evaluated as a
 .Nm
 request or


@@ -172,18 +634,15 @@ macro, but not as a high-level macro.
 .Pp
 The macro can be invoked later using the syntax
 .Pp
 .Pp
 The macro can be invoked later using the syntax
 .Pp

-.D1 Pf . Ar name Op Ar argument Op Ar argument ...
+.D1 Pf . Ar macroname Op Ar argument Op Ar argument ...

 .Pp
 .Pp

-Arguments are separated by blank characters and can be quoted
-using double-quotes
-.Pq Sq \(dq
-to allow inclusion of blank characters into arguments.
-To include the double-quote character into a quoted argument,
-escape it from ending the argument by doubling it.
+Regarding argument parsing, see
+.Sx MACRO SYNTAX
+above.

 .Pp
 The line invoking the macro will be replaced
 in the input stream by the
 .Pp
 The line invoking the macro will be replaced
 in the input stream by the

-.Ar macro definition ,
+.Ar definition ,

 replacing all occurrences of
 .No \e\e$ Ns Ar N ,
 where
 replacing all occurrences of
 .No \e\e$ Ns Ar N ,
 where


@@ -203,58 +662,84 @@ produces
 .D1 \efI\e^XtFree\e^\efP.
 .Pp
 in the input stream, and thus in the output: \fI\^XtFree\^\fP.
 .D1 \efI\e^XtFree\e^\efP.
 .Pp
 in the input stream, and thus in the output: \fI\^XtFree\^\fP.

+Each occurrence of \e\e$* is replaced with all the arguments,
+joined together with single blank characters.

 .Pp
 Since macros and user-defined strings share a common string table,
 defining a macro
 .Pp
 Since macros and user-defined strings share a common string table,
 defining a macro

-.Ar name
+.Ar macroname

 clobbers the user-defined string
 clobbers the user-defined string

-.Ar name ,
+.Ar macroname ,

 and the
 and the

-.Ar macro definition
+.Ar definition

 can also be printed using the
 .Sq \e*
 string interpolation syntax described below
 can also be printed using the
 .Sq \e*
 string interpolation syntax described below

-.Sx ds ,
+.Ic ds ,

 but this is rarely useful because every macro definition contains at least
 one explicit newline character.
 .Pp
 In order to prevent endless recursion, both groff and
 .Xr mandoc 1
 limit the stack depth for expanding macros and strings
 but this is rarely useful because every macro definition contains at least
 one explicit newline character.
 .Pp
 In order to prevent endless recursion, both groff and
 .Xr mandoc 1
 limit the stack depth for expanding macros and strings

-to a large, but finite number.
-Do not rely on the exact value of this limit.
-.Ss \&dei
+to a large, but finite number, and
+.Xr mandoc 1
+also limits the length of the expanded input line.
+Do not rely on the exact values of these limits.
+.It Ic \&de1 Ar macroname Op Ar endmacro
+Define a
+.Nm
+macro that will be executed with
+.Nm
+compatibility mode switched off during macro execution.
+This is a groff extension.
+Since
+.Xr mandoc 1
+does not implement
+.Nm
+compatibility mode at all, it handles this request as an alias for
+.Ic \&de .
+.It Ic \&defcolor Ar newname scheme component ...
+Define a color name.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&dei Ar macrostring Op Ar endstring

 Define a
 .Nm
 Define a
 .Nm

-macro, specifying the macro name indirectly.
+macro, specifying the macro name indirectly (groff extension).

 The syntax of this request is the same as that of
 The syntax of this request is the same as that of

-.Sx \&de .
-It is currently ignored by
-.Xr mandoc 1 ,
-as are its children.
-.Ss \&de1
+.Ic \&de .
+The effect is the same as:
+.Pp
+.D1 Pf . Cm \&de No \e* Ns Bo Ar macrostring Bc Op \e* Ns Bq Ar endstring
+.It Ic \&dei1 Ar macrostring Op Ar endstring

 Define a
 .Nm
 macro that will be executed with
 .Nm
 Define a
 .Nm
 macro that will be executed with
 .Nm

-compatibility mode switched off during macro execution.
-This is a GNU extension not available in traditional
-.Nm
-implementations and not even in older versions of groff.
+compatibility mode switched off during macro execution,
+specifying the macro name indirectly (groff extension).

 Since
 .Xr mandoc 1
 does not implement
 .Nm
 compatibility mode at all, it handles this request as an alias for
 Since
 .Xr mandoc 1
 does not implement
 .Nm
 compatibility mode at all, it handles this request as an alias for

-.Sx \&de .
-.Ss \&ds
+.Ic \&dei .
+.It Ic \&device Ar string ...
+.It Ic \&devicem Ar stringname
+These two requests only make sense with the groff-specific intermediate
+output format and are unsupported.
+.It Ic \&di Ar divname
+Begin a diversion.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&do Ar command Op Ar argument ...
+Execute
+.Nm
+request or macro line with compatibility mode disabled.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&ds Ar stringname Op Oo \(dq Oc Ns Ar string

 Define a user-defined string.
 Define a user-defined string.

-Its syntax is as follows:
-.Pp
-.D1 Pf . Cm \&ds Ar name Oo \(dq Oc Ns Ar string
-.Pp

 The
 The

-.Ar name
+.Ar stringname

 and
 .Ar string
 arguments are space-separated.
 and
 .Ar string
 arguments are space-separated.


@@ -269,11 +754,11 @@ including whitespace and double-quote characters, even trailing ones.
 The
 .Ar string
 can be interpolated into subsequent text by using
 The
 .Ar string
 can be interpolated into subsequent text by using

-.No \e* Ns Bq Ar name
+.No \e* Ns Bq Ar stringname

 for a
 for a

-.Ar name
+.Ar stringname

 of arbitrary length, or \e*(NN or \e*N if the length of
 of arbitrary length, or \e*(NN or \e*N if the length of

-.Ar name
+.Ar stringname

 is two or one characters, respectively.
 Interpolation can be prevented by escaping the leading backslash;
 that is, an asterisk preceded by an even number of backslashes
 is two or one characters, respectively.
 Interpolation can be prevented by escaping the leading backslash;
 that is, an asterisk preceded by an even number of backslashes


@@ -281,11 +766,11 @@ does not trigger string interpolation.
 .Pp
 Since user-defined strings and macros share a common string table,
 defining a string
 .Pp
 Since user-defined strings and macros share a common string table,
 defining a string

-.Ar name
+.Ar stringname

 clobbers the macro
 clobbers the macro

-.Ar name ,
+.Ar stringname ,

 and the
 and the

-.Ar name
+.Ar stringname

 used for defining a string can also be invoked as a macro,
 in which case the following input line will be appended to the
 .Ar string ,
 used for defining a string can also be invoked as a macro,
 in which case the following input line will be appended to the
 .Ar string ,


@@ -300,44 +785,301 @@ H SYNOPSIS
 .Ed
 .Pp
 invokes the
 .Ed
 .Pp
 invokes the

-.Cm SH
+.Ic SH

 macro when used in a
 .Xr man 7
 document.
 Such abuse is of course strongly discouraged.
 macro when used in a
 .Xr man 7
 document.
 Such abuse is of course strongly discouraged.

-.Ss \&el
+.It Ic \&ds1 Ar stringname Op Oo \(dq Oc Ns Ar string
+Define a user-defined string that will be expanded with
+.Nm
+compatibility mode switched off during string expansion.
+This is a groff extension.
+Since
+.Xr mandoc 1
+does not implement
+.Nm
+compatibility mode at all, it handles this request as an alias for
+.Ic \&ds .
+.It Ic \&dwh Ar dist macroname
+Set a location trap in the current diversion.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&dt Op Ar dist macroname
+Set a trap within a diversion.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&ec Op Ar char
+Change the escape character.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&ecr
+Restore the escape character.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&ecs
+Save the escape character.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&el Ar body

 The
 The

-.Qq else
+.Dq else

 half of an if/else conditional.
 Pops a result off the stack of conditional evaluations pushed by
 half of an if/else conditional.
 Pops a result off the stack of conditional evaluations pushed by

-.Sx \&ie
+.Ic \&ie

 and uses it as its conditional.
 If no stack entries are present (e.g., due to no prior
 and uses it as its conditional.
 If no stack entries are present (e.g., due to no prior

-.Sx \&ie
+.Ic \&ie

 calls)
 then false is assumed.
 The syntax of this request is similar to
 calls)
 then false is assumed.
 The syntax of this request is similar to

-.Sx \&if
+.Ic \&if

 except that the conditional is missing.
 except that the conditional is missing.

-.Ss \&hy
+.It Ic \&em Ar macroname
+Set a trap at the end of input.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&EN
+End an equation block.
+See
+.Ic \&EQ .
+.It Ic \&eo
+Disable the escape mechanism completely.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&EP
+End a picture started by
+.Ic \&BP .
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&EQ
+Begin an equation block.
+See
+.Xr eqn 7
+for a description of the equation language.
+.It Ic \&errprint Ar message
+Print a string like an error message.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&ev Op Ar envname
+Switch to another environment.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&evc Op Ar envname
+Copy an environment into the current environment.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&ex
+Abort processing and exit.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&fallback Ar curfont font ...
+Select the fallback sequence for a font.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&fam Op Ar familyname
+Change the font family.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&fc Op Ar delimchar Op Ar padchar
+Define a delimiting and a padding character for fields.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&fchar Ar glyphname Op Ar string
+Define a fallback glyph.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&fcolor Ar colorname
+Set the fill color for \eD objects.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&fdeferlig Ar font string ...
+Defer ligature building.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&feature Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Ns Ar name
+Enable or disable an OpenType feature.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&fi
+Switch to fill mode.
+See
+.Xr man 7 .
+Ignored in
+.Xr mdoc 7 .
+.It Ic \&fkern Ar font minkern
+Control the use of kerning tables for a font.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&fl
+Flush output.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&flig Ar font string char ...
+Define ligatures.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&fp Ar position font Op Ar filename
+Assign font position.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&fps Ar mapname ...
+Mount a font with a special character map.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&fschar Ar font glyphname Op Ar string
+Define a font-specific fallback glyph.
+This is a groff extension and currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&fspacewidth Ar font Op Ar afmunits
+Set a font-specific width for the space character.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&fspecial Ar curfont Op Ar font ...
+Conditionally define a special font.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&ft Op Ar font
+Change the font.
+The following
+.Ar font
+arguments are supported:
+.Bl -tag -width 4n -offset indent
+.It Cm B , BI , 3 , 4
+switches to
+.Sy bold
+font
+.It Cm I , 2
+switches to
+.Em underlined
+font
+.It Cm R , CW , 1
+switches to normal font
+.It Cm P No "or no argument"
+switches back to the previous font
+.El
+.Pp
+This request takes effect only locally and may be overridden
+by macros and escape sequences.
+.It Ic \&ftr Ar newname Op Ar oldname
+Translate font name.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&fzoom Ar font Op Ar permille
+Zoom font size.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&gcolor Op Ar colorname
+Set glyph color.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&hc Op Ar char
+Set the hyphenation character.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&hcode Ar char code ...
+Set hyphenation codes of characters.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&hidechar Ar font char ...
+Hide characters in a font.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&hla Ar language
+Set hyphenation language.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&hlm Op Ar number
+Set maximum number of consecutive hyphenated lines.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&hpf Ar filename
+Load hyphenation pattern file.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&hpfa Ar filename
+Load hyphenation pattern file, appending to the current patterns.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&hpfcode Ar code code ...
+Define mapping values for character codes in hyphenation patterns.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&hw Ar word ...
+Specify hyphenation points in words.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&hy Op Ar mode

 Set automatic hyphenation mode.
 Set automatic hyphenation mode.

-This line-scoped request is currently ignored.
-.Ss \&ie
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&hylang Ar language
+Set hyphenation language.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&hylen Ar nchar
+Minimum word length for hyphenation.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&hym Op Ar length
+Set hyphenation margin.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&hypp Ar penalty ...
+Define hyphenation penalties.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&hys Op Ar length
+Set hyphenation space.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&ie Ar condition body

 The
 The

-.Qq if
+.Dq if

 half of an if/else conditional.
 The result of the conditional is pushed into a stack used by subsequent
 invocations of
 half of an if/else conditional.
 The result of the conditional is pushed into a stack used by subsequent
 invocations of

-.Sx \&el ,
+.Ic \&el ,

 which may be separated by any intervening input (or not exist at all).
 Its syntax is equivalent to
 which may be separated by any intervening input (or not exist at all).
 Its syntax is equivalent to

-.Sx \&if .
-.Ss \&if
-Begins a conditional.
-Right now, the conditional evaluates to true
-if and only if it starts with the letter
-.Sy n ,
-indicating processing in nroff style as opposed to troff style.
+.Ic \&if .
+.It Ic \&if Ar condition body
+Begin a conditional.
+This request can also be written as follows:
+.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
+.Pf . Ic \&if Ar condition No \e{ Ns Ar body
+.Ar body ... Ns \e}
+.Ed
+.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
+.Pf . Ic \&if Ar condition No \e{\e
+.Ar body ...
+.Pf . No \e}
+.Ed
+.Pp
+The
+.Ar condition
+is a boolean expression.
+Currently,
+.Xr mandoc 1
+supports the following subset of roff conditionals:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+If
+.Sq \&!
+is prefixed to
+.Ar condition ,
+it is logically inverted.
+.It
+If the first character of
+.Ar condition
+is
+.Sq n
+.Pq nroff mode
+or
+.Sq o
+.Pq odd page ,
+it evaluates to true.
+.It
+If the first character of
+.Ar condition
+is
+.Sq c
+.Pq character available ,
+.Sq d
+.Pq string defined ,
+.Sq e
+.Pq even page ,
+.Sq t
+.Pq troff mode ,
+or
+.Sq v
+.Pq vroff mode ,
+it evaluates to false.
+.It
+If the first character of
+.Ar condition
+is
+.Sq r ,
+it evaluates to true if the rest of
+.Ar condition
+is the name of an existing number register;
+otherwise, it evaluates to false.
+.It
+If the
+.Ar condition
+starts with a parenthesis or with an optionally signed
+integer number, it is evaluated according to the rules of
+.Sx Numerical expressions
+explained below.
+It evaluates to true if the result is positive,
+or to false if the result is zero or negative.
+.It
+Otherwise, the first character of
+.Ar condition
+is regarded as a delimiter and it evaluates to true if the string
+extending from its first to its second occurrence is equal to the
+string extending from its second to its third occurrence.
+.It
+If
+.Ar condition
+cannot be parsed, it evaluates to false.
+.El
+.Pp

 If a conditional is false, its children are not processed, but are
 syntactically interpreted to preserve the integrity of the input
 document.
 If a conditional is false, its children are not processed, but are
 syntactically interpreted to preserve the integrity of the input
 document.


@@ -355,75 +1097,53 @@ will continue to syntactically interpret to the block close of the final
 conditional.
 Sub-conditionals, in this case, obviously inherit the truth value of
 the parent.
 conditional.
 Sub-conditionals, in this case, obviously inherit the truth value of
 the parent.

-This request has the following syntax:
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-\&.if COND \e{\e
-BODY...
-\&.\e}
-.Ed
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-\&.if COND \e{ BODY
-BODY... \e}
-.Ed
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-\&.if COND \e{ BODY
-BODY...
-\&.\e}
-.Ed
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-\&.if COND \e
-BODY
-.Ed

 .Pp
 .Pp

-COND is a conditional statement.
-roff allows for complicated conditionals; mandoc is much simpler.
-At this time, mandoc supports only
-.Sq n ,
-evaluating to true;
-and
-.Sq t ,
-.Sq e ,
-and
-.Sq o ,
-evaluating to false.
-All other invocations are read up to the next end of line or space and
-evaluate as false.
-.Pp
-If the BODY section is begun by an escaped brace
+If the
+.Ar body
+section is begun by an escaped brace

 .Sq \e{ ,
 .Sq \e{ ,

-scope continues until a closing-brace escape sequence
-.Sq \.\e} .
-If the BODY is not enclosed in braces, scope continues until
-the end of the line.
-If the COND is followed by a BODY on the same line, whether after a
-brace or not, then requests and macros
+scope continues until the end of the input line containing the
+matching closing-brace escape sequence
+.Sq \e} .
+If the
+.Ar body
+is not enclosed in braces, scope continues until the end of the line.
+If the
+.Ar condition
+is followed by a
+.Ar body
+on the same line, whether after a brace or not, then requests and macros

 .Em must
 begin with a control character.
 It is generally more intuitive, in this case, to write
 .Em must
 begin with a control character.
 It is generally more intuitive, in this case, to write

-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-\&.if COND \e{\e
-\&.foo
-bar
-\&.\e}
+.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
+.Pf . Ic \&if Ar condition No \e{\e
+.Pf . Ar request
+.Pf . No \e}

 .Ed
 .Pp
 than having the request or macro follow as
 .Pp
 .Ed
 .Pp
 than having the request or macro follow as
 .Pp

-.D1 \&.if COND \e{ .foo
+.D1 Pf . Ic \&if Ar condition Pf \e{. Ar request

 .Pp
 The scope of a conditional is always parsed, but only executed if the
 conditional evaluates to true.
 .Pp
 .Pp
 The scope of a conditional is always parsed, but only executed if the
 conditional evaluates to true.
 .Pp

-Note that text following an
-.Sq \&.\e}
-escape sequence is discarded.
-Furthermore, if an explicit closing sequence
+Note that the

 .Sq \e}
 .Sq \e}

-is specified in a free-form line, the entire line is accepted within the
-scope of the prior request, not only the text preceding the close, with the
+is converted into a zero-width escape sequence if not passed as a
+standalone macro
+.Sq \&.\e} .
+For example,
+.Pp
+.D1 \&.Fl a \e} b
+.Pp
+will result in

 .Sq \e}
 .Sq \e}

-collapsing into a zero-width space.
-.Ss \&ig
+being considered an argument of the
+.Sq \&Fl
+macro.
+.It Ic \&ig Op Ar endmacro

 Ignore input.
 Its syntax can be either
 .Bd -literal -offset indent
 Ignore input.
 Its syntax can be either
 .Bd -literal -offset indent


@@ -434,31 +1154,31 @@ Its syntax can be either
 .Pp
 or
 .Bd -literal -offset indent
 .Pp
 or
 .Bd -literal -offset indent

-.Pf . Cm \&ig Ar end
+.Pf . Cm \&ig Ar endmacro

 .Ar ignored text
 .Ar ignored text

-.Pf . Ar end
+.Pf . Ar endmacro

 .Ed
 .Pp
 In the first case, input is ignored until a
 .Sq \&..
 request is encountered on its own line.
 In the second case, input is ignored until the specified
 .Ed
 .Pp
 In the first case, input is ignored until a
 .Sq \&..
 request is encountered on its own line.
 In the second case, input is ignored until the specified

-.Sq Pf . Ar end
-macro is encountered.
+.Sq Pf . Ar endmacro
+is encountered.

 Do not use the escape character
 .Sq \e
 anywhere in the definition of
 Do not use the escape character
 .Sq \e
 anywhere in the definition of

-.Ar end ;
+.Ar endmacro ;

 it would cause very strange behaviour.
 .Pp
 When the
 it would cause very strange behaviour.
 .Pp
 When the

-.Ar end
-macro is a roff request or a roff macro, like in
+.Ar endmacro
+is a roff request or a roff macro, like in

 .Pp
 .D1 \&.ig if
 .Pp
 the subsequent invocation of
 .Pp
 .D1 \&.ig if
 .Pp
 the subsequent invocation of

-.Sx \&if
+.Ic \&if

 will first terminate the
 .Ar ignored text ,
 then be invoked as usual.
 will first terminate the
 .Ar ignored text ,
 then be invoked as usual.


@@ -467,33 +1187,169 @@ Otherwise, it only terminates the
 and arguments following it or the
 .Sq \&..
 request are discarded.
 and arguments following it or the
 .Sq \&..
 request are discarded.

-.Ss \&ne
+.It Ic \&in Op Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar width
+Change indentation.
+See
+.Xr man 7 .
+Ignored in
+.Xr mdoc 7 .
+.It Ic \&index Ar register stringname substring
+Find a substring in a string.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&it Ar expression macro
+Set an input line trap.
+The named
+.Ar macro
+will be invoked after processing the number of input text lines
+specified by the numerical
+.Ar expression .
+While evaluating the
+.Ar expression ,
+the unit suffixes described below
+.Sx Scaling Widths
+are ignored.
+.It Ic \&it Ar expression macro
+Set an input line trap, not counting lines ending with \ec.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&IX Ar class keystring
+To support the generation of a table of contents,
+.Xr pod2man 1
+emits this user-defined macro, usually without defining it.
+To avoid reporting large numbers of spurious errors,
+.Xr mandoc 1
+ignores it.
+.It Ic \&kern Op Cm 1 | 0
+Switch kerning on or off.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&kernafter Ar font char ... afmunits ...
+Increase kerning after some characters.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&kernbefore Ar font char ... afmunits ...
+Increase kerning before some characters.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&kernpair Ar font char ... font char ... afmunits
+Add a kerning pair to the kerning table.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&lc Op Ar glyph
+Define a leader repetition character.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&lc_ctype Ar localename
+Set the
+.Dv LC_CTYPE
+locale.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&lds Ar macroname string
+Define a local string.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&length Ar register string
+Count the number of input characters in a string.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&letadj Ar lspmin lshmin letss lspmax lshmax
+Dynamic letter spacing and reshaping.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&lf Ar lineno Op Ar filename
+Change the line number for error messages.
+Ignored because insecure.
+.It Ic \&lg Op Cm 1 | 0
+Switch the ligature mechanism on or off.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&lhang Ar font char ... afmunits
+Hang characters at left margin.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&linetabs Op Cm 1 | 0
+Enable or disable line-tabs mode.
+This is a groff extension and currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&ll Op Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar width
+Change the output line length.
+If the
+.Ar width
+argument is omitted, the line length is reset to its previous value.
+The default setting for terminal output is 78n.
+If a sign is given, the line length is added to or subtracted from;
+otherwise, it is set to the provided value.
+Using this request in new manuals is discouraged for several reasons,
+among others because it overrides the
+.Xr mandoc 1
+.Fl O Cm width
+command line option.
+.It Ic \&lnr Ar register Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar value Op Ar increment
+Set local number register.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&lnrf Ar register Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar value Op Ar increment
+Set local floating-point register.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&lpfx Ar string
+Set a line prefix.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&ls Op Ar factor
+Set line spacing.
+It takes one integer argument specifying the vertical distance of
+subsequent output text lines measured in v units.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&lsm Ar macroname
+Set a leading spaces trap.
+This is a groff extension and currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&lt Op Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar width
+Set title line length.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&mc Ar glyph Op Ar dist
+Print margin character in the right margin.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&mediasize Ar media
+Set the device media size.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&minss Ar width
+Set minimum word space.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&mk Op Ar register
+Mark vertical position.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&mso Ar filename
+Load a macro file using the search path.
+Ignored because insecure.
+.It Ic \&na
+Disable adjusting without changing the adjustment mode.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&ne Op Ar height

 Declare the need for the specified minimum vertical space
 before the next trap or the bottom of the page.
 Declare the need for the specified minimum vertical space
 before the next trap or the bottom of the page.

-This line-scoped request is currently ignored.
-.Ss \&nh
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&nf
+Switch to no-fill mode.
+See
+.Xr man 7 .
+Ignored by
+.Xr mdoc 7 .
+.It Ic \&nh

 Turn off automatic hyphenation mode.
 Turn off automatic hyphenation mode.

-This line-scoped request is currently ignored.
-.Ss \&rm
-Remove a request, macro or string.
-This request is intended to have one argument,
-the name of the request, macro or string to be undefined.
-Currently, it is ignored including its arguments,
-and the number of arguments is not checked.
-.Ss \&nr
-Define a register.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&nhychar Ar char ...
+Define hyphenation-inhibiting characters.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&nm Op Ar start Op Ar inc Op Ar space Op Ar indent
+Print line numbers.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&nn Op Ar number
+Temporarily turn off line numbering.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&nop Ar body
+Execute the rest of the input line as a request or macro line.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&nr Ar register Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar expression
+Define or change a register.

 A register is an arbitrary string value that defines some sort of state,
 which influences parsing and/or formatting.
 A register is an arbitrary string value that defines some sort of state,
 which influences parsing and/or formatting.

-Its syntax is as follows:
-.Pp
-.D1 Pf \. Cm \&nr Ar name Ar value
+For the syntax of
+.Ar expression ,
+see
+.Sx Numerical expressions
+below.
+If it is prefixed by a sign, the register will be
+incremented or decremented instead of assigned to.

 .Pp
 .Pp

-The
-.Ar value
-may, at the moment, only be an integer.
-So far, only the following register
-.Ar name
-is recognised:
+The following
+.Ar register
+is handled specially:

 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .It Cm nS
 If set to a positive integer value, certain
 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .It Cm nS
 If set to a positive integer value, certain


@@ -509,243 +1365,744 @@ section itself.
 Note that starting a new
 .Xr mdoc 7
 section with the
 Note that starting a new
 .Xr mdoc 7
 section with the

-.Cm \&Sh
+.Ic \&Sh

 macro will reset this register.
 .El
 macro will reset this register.
 .El

-.Ss \&so
+.It Xo
+.Ic \&nrf Ar register Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar expression
+.Op Ar increment
+.Xc
+Define or change a floating-point register.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&nroff
+Force nroff mode.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&ns
+Turn on no-space mode.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&nx Op Ar filename
+Abort processing of the current input file and process another one.
+Ignored because insecure.
+.It Ic \&open Ar stream file
+Open a file for writing.
+Ignored because insecure.
+.It Ic \&opena Ar stream file
+Open a file for appending.
+Ignored because insecure.
+.It Ic \&os
+Output saved vertical space.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&output Ar string
+Output directly to intermediate output.
+Not supported.
+.It Ic \&padj Op Cm 1 | 0
+Globally control paragraph-at-once adjustment.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&papersize Ar media
+Set the paper size.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&pc Op Ar char
+Change the page number character.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&pev
+Print environments.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&pi Ar command
+Pipe output to a shell command.
+Ignored because insecure.
+.It Ic \&PI
+Low-level request used by
+.Ic \&BP .
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&pl Op Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar height
+Change page length.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&pm
+Print names and sizes of macros, strings, and diversions
+to standard error output.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&pn Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar number
+Change the page number of the next page.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&pnr
+Print all number registers on standard error output.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&po Op Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar offset
+Set horizontal page offset.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&ps Op Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns size
+Change point size.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&psbb Ar filename
+Retrieve the bounding box of a PostScript file.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&pshape Ar indent length ...
+Set a special shape for the current paragraph.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&pso Ar command
+Include output of a shell command.
+Ignored because insecure.
+.It Ic \&ptr
+Print the names and positions of all traps on standard error output.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&pvs Op Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar height
+Change post-vertical spacing.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&rchar Ar glyph ...
+Remove glyph definitions.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&rd Op Ar prompt Op Ar agument ...
+Read from standard input.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&recursionlimit Ar maxrec maxtail
+Set the maximum stack depth for recursive macros.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&return Op Ar twice
+Exit a macro and return to the caller.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&rfschar Ar font glyph ...
+Remove font-specific fallback glyph definitions.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&rhang Ar font char ... afmunits
+Hang characters at right margin.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&rj Op Ar N
+Justify the next
+.Ar N
+input lines to the right margin without filling.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&rm Ar macroname
+Remove a request, macro or string.
+.It Ic \&rn Ar oldname newname
+Rename a request, macro, diversion, or string.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&rnn Ar oldname newname
+Rename a number register.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&rr Ar register
+Remove a register.
+.It Ic \&rs
+End no-space mode.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&rt Op Ar dist
+Return to marked vertical position.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&schar Ar glyph Op Ar string
+Define global fallback glyph.
+This is a groff extension and currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&sentchar Ar char ...
+Define sentence-ending characters.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&shc Op Ar glyph
+Change the soft hyphen character.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&shift Op Ar number
+Shift macro arguments.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&sizes Ar size ...
+Define permissible point sizes.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&so Ar filename

 Include a source file.
 Include a source file.

-Its syntax is as follows:
-.Pp
-.D1 Pf \. Cm \&so Ar file
-.Pp
-The
-.Ar file
-will be read and its contents processed as input in place of the
-.Sq \&.so
+The file is read and its contents processed as input in place of the
+.Ic \&so

 request line.
 request line.

-To avoid inadvertant inclusion of unrelated files,
+To avoid inadvertent inclusion of unrelated files,

 .Xr mandoc 1
 only accepts relative paths not containing the strings
 .Qq ../
 and
 .Qq /.. .
 .Xr mandoc 1
 only accepts relative paths not containing the strings
 .Qq ../
 and
 .Qq /.. .

-.Ss \&tr
-Output character translation.
-This request is intended to have one argument,
-consisting of an even number of characters.
-Currently, it is ignored including its arguments,
-and the number of arguments is not checked.
-.Ss \&T&
+.Pp
+This request requires
+.Xr man 1
+to change to the right directory before calling
+.Xr mandoc 1 ,
+per convention to the root of the manual tree.
+Typical usage looks like:
+.Pp
+.Dl \&.so man3/Xcursor.3
+.Pp
+As the whole concept is rather fragile, the use of
+.Ic \&so
+is discouraged.
+Use
+.Xr ln 1
+instead.
+.It Ic \&sp Op Ar height
+Break the output line and emit vertical space.
+The argument follows the syntax of
+.Sx Scaling Widths
+and defaults to one blank line
+.Pq Li 1v .
+.It Ic \&spacewidth Op Cm 1 | 0
+Set the space width from the font metrics file.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&special Op Ar font ...
+Define a special font.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&spreadwarn Op Ar width
+Warn about wide spacing between words.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&ss Ar wordspace Op Ar sentencespace
+Set space character size.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&sty Ar position style
+Associate style with a font position.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&substring Ar stringname startpos Op Ar endpos
+Replace a user-defined string with a substring.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&sv Op Ar height
+Save vertical space.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&sy Ar command
+Execute shell command.
+Ignored because insecure.
+.It Ic \&T&

 Re-start a table layout, retaining the options of the prior table
 invocation.
 See
 .Sx \&TS .
 Re-start a table layout, retaining the options of the prior table
 invocation.
 See
 .Sx \&TS .

-.Ss \&TE
+.It Ic \&ta Op Ar width ... Op Cm T Ar width ...
+Set tab stops.
+Each
+.Ar width
+argument follows the syntax of
+.Sx Scaling Widths .
+If prefixed by a plus sign, it is relative to the previous tab stop.
+The arguments after the
+.Cm T
+marker are used repeatedly as often as needed; for each reuse,
+they are taken relative to the last previously established tab stop.
+When
+.Ic \&ta
+is called without arguments, all tab stops are cleared.
+.It Ic \&tc Op Ar glyph
+Change tab repetition character.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&TE

 End a table context.
 See
 .Sx \&TS .
 End a table context.
 See
 .Sx \&TS .

-.Ss \&TS
+.It Ic \&ti Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar width
+Break the output line and indent the next output line by
+.Ar width .
+If a sign is specified, the temporary indentation is calculated
+relative to the current indentation; otherwise, it is absolute.
+The argument follows the syntax of
+.Sx Scaling Widths
+and the default scaling unit is
+.Cm m .
+.It Ic \&tkf Ar font minps width1 maxps width2
+Enable track kerning for a font.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&tl No \& Ap Ar left Ap Ar center Ap Ar right Ap
+Print a title line.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&tm Ar string
+Print to standard error output.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&tm1 Ar string
+Print to standard error output, allowing leading blanks.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&tmc Ar string
+Print to standard error output without a trailing newline.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&tr Ar glyph glyph ...
+Output character translation.
+The first glyph in each pair is replaced by the second one.
+Character escapes can be used; for example,
+.Pp
+.Dl tr \e(xx\e(yy
+.Pp
+replaces all invocations of \e(xx with \e(yy.
+.It Ic \&track Ar font minps width1 maxps width2
+Static letter space tracking.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&transchar Ar char ...
+Define transparent characters for sentence-ending.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&trf Ar filename
+Output the contents of a file, disallowing invalid characters.
+This is a groff extension and ignored because insecure.
+.It Ic \&trimat Ar left top width height
+Set the TrimBox page parameter for PDF generation.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&trin Ar glyph glyph ...
+Output character translation, ignored by
+.Ic \&asciify .
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&trnt Ar glyph glyph ...
+Output character translation, ignored by \e!.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&troff
+Force troff mode.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&TS

 Begin a table, which formats input in aligned rows and columns.
 Begin a table, which formats input in aligned rows and columns.

-A table consists of an optional single line of table options terminated
-by a semicolon, followed by one or more lines of layout specification
-terminated by a period, then table data.
-A table block may also include
-.Nm ,
-.Xr mdoc 7 ,
+See
+.Xr tbl 7
+for a description of the tbl language.
+.It Ic \&uf Ar font
+Globally set the underline font.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&ul Op Ar N
+Underline next
+.Ar N
+input lines.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&unformat Ar divname
+Unformat spaces and tabs in a diversion.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&unwatch Ar macroname
+Disable notification for string or macro.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&unwatchn Ar register
+Disable notification for register.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&vpt Op Cm 1 | 0
+Enable or disable vertical position traps.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&vs Op Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar height
+Change vertical spacing.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&warn Ar flags
+Set warning level.
+Currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&warnscale Ar si
+Set the scaling indicator used in warnings.
+This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&watch Ar macroname
+Notify on change of string or macro.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&watchlength Ar maxlength
+On change, report the contents of macros and strings
+up to the specified length.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&watchn Ar register
+Notify on change of register.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.It Ic \&wh Ar dist Op Ar macroname
+Set a page location trap.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&while Ar condition body
+Repeated execution while a condition is true.
+Currently unsupported.
+.It Ic \&write Oo \(dq Oc Ns Ar string
+Write to an open file.
+Ignored because insecure.
+.It Ic \&writec Oo \(dq Oc Ns Ar string
+Write to an open file without appending a newline.
+Ignored because insecure.
+.It Ic \&writem Ar macroname
+Write macro or string to an open file.
+Ignored because insecure.
+.It Ic \&xflag Ar level
+Set the extension level.
+This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
+.El
+.Ss Numerical expressions
+The
+.Sx \&nr ,
+.Sx \&if ,
+and
+.Sx \&ie
+requests accept integer numerical expressions as arguments.
+These are always evaluated using the C
+.Vt int
+type; integer overflow works the same way as in the C language.
+Numbers consist of an arbitrary number of digits
+.Sq 0
+to
+.Sq 9
+prefixed by an optional sign
+.Sq +

 or
 or

-.Xr man 7
-macros.
-Example:
+.Sq - .
+Each number may be followed by one optional scaling unit described below
+.Sx Scaling Widths .
+The following equations hold:

 .Bd -literal -offset indent
 .Bd -literal -offset indent

-\&.TS
-box tab(:);   \e" Table-wide options.
-c | c         \e" Layout for first line.
-| c | c.      \e" Layout for all subsequent lines.
-1:2           \e" Data...
-3:4
-\&.TE
+1i = 6v = 6P = 10m = 10n = 72p = 1000M = 240u = 240
+254c = 100i = 24000u = 24000
+1f = 65536u = 65536

 .Ed
 .Pp
 .Ed
 .Pp

-Table data is
-.Em pre-processed ,
-that is, data rows are parsed then inserted into the underlying stream
-of input data.
-This allows data rows to be interspersed by arbitrary macros, such as
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-\&.TS
-tab(:);
-c c c.
-1:2:3
-\&.Ao
-3:2:1
-\&.Ac
-\&.TE
-.Ed
+The following binary operators are implemented.
+Unless otherwise stated, they behave as in the C language:

 .Pp
 .Pp

-in the case of
-.Xr mdoc 7
-or
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-\&.TS
-tab(:);
-c c c.
-\&.ds ab 2
-1:\e*(ab:3
-\&.I
-3:2:1
-\&.TE
-.Ed
+.Bl -tag -width 2n -compact
+.It Ic +
+addition
+.It Ic -
+subtraction
+.It Ic *
+multiplication
+.It Ic /
+division
+.It Ic %
+remainder of division
+.It Ic <
+less than
+.It Ic >
+greater than
+.It Ic ==
+equal to
+.It Ic =
+equal to, same effect as
+.Ic ==
+(this differs from C)
+.It Ic <=
+less than or equal to
+.It Ic >=
+greater than or equal to
+.It Ic <>
+not equal to (corresponds to C
+.Ic != ;
+this one is of limited portability, it is supported by Heirloom roff,
+but not by groff)
+.It Ic &
+logical and (corresponds to C
+.Ic && )
+.It Ic \&:
+logical or (corresponds to C
+.Ic \&|| )
+.It Ic <?
+minimum (not available in C)
+.It Ic >?
+maximum (not available in C)
+.El

 .Pp
 .Pp

-in the case of
-.Xr man 7 .
+There is no concept of precedence; evaluation proceeds from left to right,
+except when subexpressions are enclosed in parentheses.
+Inside parentheses, whitespace is ignored.
+.Sh ESCAPE SEQUENCE REFERENCE
+The
+.Xr mandoc 1
+.Nm
+parser recognises the following escape sequences.
+Note that the
+.Nm
+language defines more escape sequences not implemented in
+.Xr mandoc 1 .
+In
+.Xr mdoc 7
+and
+.Xr man 7
+documents, using escape sequences is discouraged except for those
+described in the
+.Sx LANGUAGE SYNTAX
+section above.

 .Pp
 .Pp

-The first line of a table consists of its options, which consists of
-space-separated keys and modifiers terminated by a semicolon.
-If the first line does not have a terminating semicolon, it is assumed
-that no options are specified and instead a layout is processed.
-Some options accept arguments enclosed by paranthesis.
-The following case-insensitive options are available:
-.Bl -tag -width Ds
-.It Cm center
-This option is not supported by
+A backslash followed by any character not listed here
+simply prints that character itself.
+.Ss \e<newline>
+A backslash at the end of an input line can be used to continue the
+logical input line on the next physical input line, joining the text
+on both lines together as if it were on a single input line.
+.Ss \e<space>
+The escape sequence backslash-space
+.Pq Sq \e\ \&
+is an unpaddable space-sized non-breaking space character; see
+.Sx Whitespace .
+.Ss \e\(dq
+The rest of the input line is treated as
+.Sx Comments .
+.Ss \e%
+Hyphenation allowed at this point of the word; ignored by

 .Xr mandoc 1 .
 .Xr mandoc 1 .

-This may also be invoked with
-.Cm centre .
-.It Cm delim
-Accepts a two-character argument.
-This option is not supported by
+.Ss \e&
+Non-printing zero-width character; see
+.Sx Whitespace .
+.Ss \e\(aq
+Acute accent special character; use
+.Sq \e(aa
+instead.
+.Ss \e( Ns Ar cc
+.Sx Special Characters
+with two-letter names, see
+.Xr mandoc_char 7 .
+.Ss \e*[ Ns Ar name ]
+Interpolate the string with the
+.Ar name ;
+see
+.Sx Predefined Strings
+and
+.Sx ds .
+For short names, there are variants
+.No \e* Ns Ar c
+and
+.No \e*( Ns Ar cc .
+.Ss \e,
+Left italic correction (groff extension); ignored by

 .Xr mandoc 1 .
 .Xr mandoc 1 .

-.It Cm expand
-This option is not supported by
+.Ss \e-
+Special character
+.Dq mathematical minus sign .
+.Ss \e/
+Right italic correction (groff extension); ignored by

 .Xr mandoc 1 .
 .Xr mandoc 1 .

-.It Cm box
-Draw a single-line box around the table.
-This may also be invoked with
-.Cm frame .
-.It Cm doublebox
-Draw a double-line box around the table.
-This may also be invoked with
-.Cm doubleframe .
-.It Cm allbox
-This option is not supported by
+.Ss \e[ Ns Ar name ]
+.Sx Special Characters
+with names of arbitrary length, see
+.Xr mandoc_char 7 .
+.Ss \e^
+One-twelfth em half-narrow space character, effectively zero-width in

 .Xr mandoc 1 .
 .Xr mandoc 1 .

-.It Cm tab
-Accepts a single-character argument.
-This character is used a delimiter between data cells, which otherwise
-defaults to the tab character.
-.It Cm linesize
-Accepts a natural number (all digits).
-This option is not supported by
+.Ss \e`
+Grave accent special character; use
+.Sq \e(ga
+instead.
+.Ss \e{
+Begin conditional input; see
+.Sx if .
+.Ss \e\(ba
+One-sixth em narrow space character, effectively zero-width in

 .Xr mandoc 1 .
 .Xr mandoc 1 .

-.It Cm nokeep
-This option is not supported by
+.Ss \e}
+End conditional input; see
+.Sx if .
+.Ss \e~
+Paddable non-breaking space character.
+.Ss \e0
+Digit width space character.
+.Ss \eA\(aq Ns Ar string Ns \(aq
+Anchor definition; ignored by

 .Xr mandoc 1 .
 .Xr mandoc 1 .

-.It Cm decimalpoint
-Accepts a single-character argument.
-This character will be used as the decimal point with the
-.Cm n
-layout key.
-This option is not supported by
+.Ss \eB\(aq Ns Ar string Ns \(aq
+Interpolate
+.Sq 1
+if
+.Ar string
+conforms to the syntax of
+.Sx Numerical expressions
+explained above and
+.Sq 0
+otherwise.
+.Ss \eb\(aq Ns Ar string Ns \(aq
+Bracket building function; ignored by

 .Xr mandoc 1 .
 .Xr mandoc 1 .

-.It Cm nospaces
-This option is not supported by
+.Ss \eC\(aq Ns Ar name Ns \(aq
+.Sx Special Characters
+with names of arbitrary length.
+.Ss \ec
+When encountered at the end of an input text line,
+the next input text line is considered to continue that line,
+even if there are request or macro lines in between.
+No whitespace is inserted.
+.Ss \eD\(aq Ns Ar string Ns \(aq
+Draw graphics function; ignored by

 .Xr mandoc 1 .
 .Xr mandoc 1 .

-.El
-.Pp
-The table layout follows table options, except in the case of
-.Sx \&T& ,
-where it immediately procedes invocation.
-Layout specifies how data rows are displayed on output.
-Each layout line corresponds to a line of data; the last layout line
-applies to all remaining data lines.
-Layout lines may also be separated by a comma.
-Each layout cell consists of one of the following case-insensitive keys:
-.Bl -tag -width Ds
-.It Cm c
-Centre a literal string within its column.
-.It Cm r
-Right-justify a literal string within its column.
-.It Cm l
-Left-justify a literal string within its column.
-.It Cm n
-Justify a number around its decimal point.
-If the decimal point is not found on the number, it's assumed to trail
-the number.
-.It Cm s
-This option is not supported by
+.Ss \ed
+Move down by half a line; ignored by

 .Xr mandoc 1 .
 .Xr mandoc 1 .

-.It Cm a
-This option is not supported by
+.Ss \ee
+Backslash special character.
+.Ss \eF[ Ns Ar name ]
+Switch font family (groff extension); ignored by

 .Xr mandoc 1 .
 .Xr mandoc 1 .

-.It Cm ^
-This option is not supported by
+For short names, there are variants
+.No \eF Ns Ar c
+and
+.No \eF( Ns Ar cc .
+.Ss \ef[ Ns Ar name ]
+Switch to the font
+.Ar name ,
+see
+.Sx Text Decoration .
+For short names, there are variants
+.No \ef Ns Ar c
+and
+.No \ef( Ns Ar cc .
+.Ss \eg[ Ns Ar name ]
+Interpolate the format of a number register; ignored by

 .Xr mandoc 1 .
 .Xr mandoc 1 .

-.It Cm \-
-This may also be invoked with
-.Cm _ .
-.It Cm =
-.It Cm \(ba
-Emit a vertical bar instead of data.
-.It Cm \(ba\(ba
-Emit a double-vertical bar instead of data.
-.El
-.Pp
-Keys may be followed by a set of modifiers.
-A modifier is either a modifier key or a natural number for specifying
-spacing.
-The following case-insensitive modifier keys are available:
-.Bl -tag -width Ds
-.It Cm z
-.It Cm u
-.It Cm e
-.It Cm t
-.It Cm d
-.It Cm f
-Must be followed by a case-insensitive font style:
-.Cm b
-for bold or
-.Cm i
-for italic.
-.It Cm b
-.It Cm i
-.El
+For short names, there are variants
+.No \eg Ns Ar c
+and
+.No \eg( Ns Ar cc .
+.Ss \eH\(aq Ns Oo +|- Oc Ns Ar number Ns \(aq
+Set the height of the current font; ignored by
+.Xr mandoc 1 .
+.Ss \eh\(aq Ns Ar number Ns \(aq
+Horizontal motion; ignored by
+.Xr mandoc 1 .
+.Ss \ek[ Ns Ar name ]
+Mark horizontal input place in register; ignored by
+.Xr mandoc 1 .
+For short names, there are variants
+.No \ek Ns Ar c
+and
+.No \ek( Ns Ar cc .
+.Ss \eL\(aq Ns Ar number Ns Oo Ar c Oc Ns \(aq
+Vertical line drawing function; ignored by
+.Xr mandoc 1 .
+.Ss \el\(aq Ns Ar number Ns Oo Ar c Oc Ns \(aq
+Horizontal line drawing function; ignored by
+.Xr mandoc 1 .
+.Ss \eM[ Ns Ar name ]
+Set fill (background) color (groff extension); ignored by
+.Xr mandoc 1 .
+For short names, there are variants
+.No \eM Ns Ar c
+and
+.No \eM( Ns Ar cc .
+.Ss \em[ Ns Ar name ]
+Set glyph drawing color (groff extension); ignored by
+.Xr mandoc 1 .
+For short names, there are variants
+.No \em Ns Ar c
+and
+.No \em( Ns Ar cc .
+.Ss \eN\(aq Ns Ar number Ns \(aq
+Character
+.Ar number
+on the current font.
+.Ss \en[ Ns Ar name ]
+Interpolate the number register
+.Ar name .
+For short names, there are variants
+.No \en Ns Ar c
+and
+.No \en( Ns Ar cc .
+.Ss \eo\(aq Ns Ar string Ns \(aq
+Overstrike, writing all the characters contained in the
+.Ar string
+to the same output position.
+In terminal and HTML output modes,
+only the last one of the characters is visible.
+.Ss \eR\(aq Ns Ar name Oo +|- Oc Ns Ar number Ns \(aq
+Set number register; ignored by
+.Xr mandoc 1 .
+.Ss \eS\(aq Ns Ar number Ns \(aq
+Slant output; ignored by
+.Xr mandoc 1 .
+.Ss \es\(aq Ns Oo +|- Oc Ns Ar number Ns \(aq
+Change point size; ignored by
+.Xr mandoc 1 .
+Alternative forms
+.No \es Ns Oo +|- Oc Ns Ar n ,
+.No \es Ns Oo +|- Oc Ns \(aq Ns Ar number Ns \(aq ,
+.No \es Ns [ Oo +|- Oc Ns Ar number ] ,
+and
+.No \es Ns Oo +|- Oc Ns [ Ar number Ns ]
+are also parsed and ignored.
+.Ss \et
+Horizontal tab; ignored by
+.Xr mandoc 1 .
+.Ss \eu
+Move up by half a line; ignored by
+.Xr mandoc 1 .
+.Ss \eV[ Ns Ar name ]
+Interpolate an environment variable; ignored by
+.Xr mandoc 1 .
+For short names, there are variants
+.No \eV Ns Ar c
+and
+.No \eV( Ns Ar cc .
+.Ss \ev\(aq Ns Ar number Ns \(aq
+Vertical motion; ignored by
+.Xr mandoc 1 .
+.Ss \ew\(aq Ns Ar string Ns \(aq
+Interpolate the width of the
+.Ar string .
+The
+.Xr mandoc 1
+implementation assumes that after expansion of user-defined strings, the
+.Ar string
+only contains normal characters, no escape sequences, and that each
+character has a width of 24 basic units.
+.Ss \eX\(aq Ns Ar string Ns \(aq
+Output
+.Ar string
+as device control function; ignored in nroff mode and by
+.Xr mandoc 1 .
+.Ss \ex\(aq Ns Ar number Ns \(aq
+Extra line space function; ignored by
+.Xr mandoc 1 .
+.Ss \eY[ Ns Ar name ]
+Output a string as a device control function; ignored in nroff mode and by
+.Xr mandoc 1 .
+For short names, there are variants
+.No \eY Ns Ar c
+and
+.No \eY( Ns Ar cc .
+.Ss \eZ\(aq Ns Ar string Ns \(aq
+Print
+.Ar string
+with zero width and height; ignored by
+.Xr mandoc 1 .
+.Ss \ez
+Output the next character without advancing the cursor position.

 .Sh COMPATIBILITY
 .Sh COMPATIBILITY

-This section documents compatibility between mandoc and other other
+The
+.Xr mandoc 1
+implementation of the

 .Nm
 .Nm

-implementations, at this time limited to GNU troff
-.Pq Qq groff .
-The term
-.Qq historic groff
-refers to groff version 1.15.
+language is intentionally incomplete.
+Unimplemented features include:

 .Pp
 .Bl -dash -compact
 .It
 .Pp
 .Bl -dash -compact
 .It

+For security reasons,
+.Xr mandoc 1
+never reads or writes external files except via
+.Sx \&so
+requests with safe relative paths.
+.It
+There is no automatic hyphenation, no adjustment to the right margin,
+and no centering; the output is always set flush-left.
+.It
+Support for setting tabulator positions
+and tabulator and leader characters is missing,
+and support for manually changing indentation is limited.
+.It

 The
 The

-.Cm nS
-register is only compatible with OpenBSD's groff-1.15.
+.Sq u
+scaling unit is the default terminal unit.
+In traditional troff systems, this unit changes depending on the
+output media.

 .It
 .It

-Historic groff did not accept white-space before a custom
-.Ar end
-macro for the
-.Sx \&ig
-request.
+Width measurements are implemented in a crude way
+and often yield wrong results.
+Explicit movement requests and escapes are ignored.
+.It
+There is no concept of output pages, no support for floats,
+graphics drawing, and picture inclusion;
+terminal output is always continuous.
+.It
+Requests regarding color, font families, and glyph manipulation
+are ignored.
+Font support is very limited.
+Kerning is not implemented, and no ligatures are produced.

 .It
 The
 .It
 The

-.Sx \&if
-and family would print funny white-spaces with historic groff when
-using the next-line syntax.
+.Qq \(aq
+macro control character does not suppress output line breaks.
+.It
+Diversions are not implemented,
+and support for traps is very incomplete.
+.It
+While recursion is supported,
+.Sx \&while
+loops are not.

 .El
 .El

+.Pp
+The special semantics of the
+.Cm nS
+number register is an idiosyncracy of
+.Ox
+manuals and not supported by other
+.Xr mdoc 7
+implementations.

 .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr mandoc 1 ,
 .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr mandoc 1 ,

+.Xr eqn 7 ,

 .Xr man 7 ,
 .Xr mandoc_char 7 ,
 .Xr man 7 ,
 .Xr mandoc_char 7 ,

-.Xr mdoc 7
-.\" .Rs
-.\" .%A M. E. Lesk
-.\" .%T Tbl\(emA Program to Format Tables
-.\" .%D June 11, 1976
-.\" .%U http://www.kohala.com/start/troff/v7/man/tbl/tbl.ps
-.\" .Re
+.Xr mdoc 7 ,
+.Xr tbl 7

 .Rs
 .%A Joseph F. Ossanna
 .%A Brian W. Kernighan
 .Rs
 .%A Joseph F. Ossanna
 .%A Brian W. Kernighan


@@ -766,19 +2123,27 @@ using the next-line syntax.
 .%U http://heirloom.sourceforge.net/doctools/troff.pdf
 .Re
 .Sh HISTORY
 .%U http://heirloom.sourceforge.net/doctools/troff.pdf
 .Re
 .Sh HISTORY

-The RUNOFF typesetting system was written in PL/1 for the CTSS
-operating system by Jerome ("Jerry") E. Saltzer in 1961.
-It was first used as the main documentation tool by Multics since 1963.
-Robert ("Bob") H. Morris ported it to the GE-635 and called it
+The RUNOFF typesetting system, whose input forms the basis for

 .Nm ,
 .Nm ,

-Doug McIlroy rewrote it in BCPL in 1969,
-Joseph F. Ossanna rewrote it in PDP-11 assembly in 1973,
-and Brian W. Kernighan rewrote it in C in 1975.
+was written in MAD and FAP for the CTSS operating system by Jerome E.
+Saltzer in 1964.
+Doug McIlroy rewrote it in BCPL in 1969, renaming it
+.Nm .
+Dennis M. Ritchie rewrote McIlroy's
+.Nm
+in PDP-11 assembly for
+.At v1 ,
+Joseph F. Ossanna improved roff and renamed it nroff
+for
+.At v2 ,
+then ported nroff to C as troff, which Brian W. Kernighan released with
+.At v7 .
+In 1989, James Clarke re-implemented troff in C++, naming it groff.

 .Sh AUTHORS
 .An -nosplit
 .Sh AUTHORS
 .An -nosplit

-This partial
+This

 .Nm
 reference was written by
 .Nm
 reference was written by

-.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@bsd.lv
+.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq Mt kristaps@bsd.lv

 and
 and

-.An Ingo Schwarze Aq schwarze@openbsd.org .
+.An Ingo Schwarze Aq Mt schwarze@openbsd.org .