-.\" $Id: man.1,v 1.27 2017/03/27 14:40:39 schwarze Exp $
+.\" $Id: man.1,v 1.40 2020/07/20 16:57:30 schwarze Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\" Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, 2008, 2014 Jason McIntyre <jmc@openbsd.org>
-.\" Copyright (c) 2010, 2011, 2014-2017 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2010, 2011, 2014-2020 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\"
.\" @(#)man.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 1/2/94
.\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: March 27 2017 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: July 20 2020 $
.Dt MAN 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm man
.Op Fl acfhklw
.Op Fl C Ar file
-.Op Fl I Cm os Ns = Ns Ar name
-.Op Fl K Ar encoding
.Op Fl M Ar path
.Op Fl m Ar path
-.Op Fl O Ar option Ns = Ns Ar value
.Op Fl S Ar subsection
-.Op Fl s Ar section
-.Op Fl T Ar output
-.Op Fl W Ar level
-.Op Ar section
+.Op Oo Fl s Oc Ar section
.Ar name ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility
displays the
-manual pages entitled
+manual page entitled
.Ar name .
Pages may be selected according to
a specific category
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl a
Display all matching manual pages.
-Normally, only the first page found is displayed.
.It Fl C Ar file
Use the specified
.Ar file
for a description of the contents of this file.
.It Fl c
Copy the manual page to the standard output instead of using
-.Xr more 1
+.Xr less 1
to paginate it.
This is done by default if the standard output is not a terminal device.
+.Pp
+When using
+.Fl c ,
+most terminal devices are unable to show the markup.
+To print the output of
+.Nm
+to the terminal with markup but without using a pager, pipe it to
+.Xr ul 1 .
+To remove the markup, pipe the output to
+.Xr col 1
+.Fl b
+instead.
.It Fl f
A synonym for
.Xr whatis 1 .
By default, it displays the header lines of all matching pages.
.It Fl l
A synonym for
-.Xr mandoc 1
-.Fl a .
+.Xr mandoc 1 .
The
.Ar name
arguments are interpreted as filenames.
and
.Fl w
are ignored.
+This option implies
+.Fl a .
.It Fl M Ar path
-Override the list of standard directories which
-.Nm
-searches for manual pages.
+Override the list of directories to search for manual pages.
The supplied
.Ar path
must be a colon
.Pq Ql \&:
separated list of directories.
-This search path may also be set using the environment variable
-.Ev MANPATH .
+This option also overrides the environment variable
+.Ev MANPATH
+and any directories specified in the
+.Xr man.conf 5
+file.
.It Fl m Ar path
-Augment the list of standard directories which
-.Nm
-searches for manual pages.
+Augment the list of directories to search for manual pages.
The supplied
.Ar path
must be a colon
.Pq Ql \&:
separated list of directories.
-These directories will be searched before the standard directories or
-the directories specified using the
+These directories will be searched before those specified using the
.Fl M
-option or the
+option, the
.Ev MANPATH
-environment variable.
+environment variable, the
+.Xr man.conf 5
+file, or the default directories.
.It Fl S Ar subsection
Only show pages for the specified
.Xr machine 1
This option overrides the
.Ev MACHINE
environment variable.
+.Tg s
.It Oo Fl s Oc Ar section
Only select manuals from the specified
.Ar section .
.It 9
Kernel internals.
.El
-.Pp
-If not specified and a match is found in more than one section,
-the first match is selected from the following list:
-1, 8, 6, 2, 3, 5, 7, 4, 9, 3p.
.It Fl w
List the pathnames of all matching manual pages instead of displaying
any of them.
+If no
+.Ar name
+is given, list the directories that would be searched.
.El
.Pp
The options
.Fl fkl
are mutually exclusive and override each other.
.Pp
-Guidelines for writing
-man pages can be found in
-.Xr mdoc 7 .
+The search starts with the
+.Fl m
+argument if provided, then continues with the
+.Fl M
+argument, the
+.Ev MANPATH
+variable, the
+.Ic manpath
+entries in the
+.Xr man.conf 5
+file, or with
+.Pa /usr/share/man : Ns Pa /usr/X11R6/man : Ns Pa /usr/local/man
+by default.
+Within each of these, directories are searched in the order provided.
+Within each directory, the search proceeds according to the following
+list of sections: 1, 8, 6, 2, 3, 5, 7, 4, 9, 3p.
+The first match found is shown.
.Pp
+The
+.Xr mandoc.db 5
+database is used for looking up manual page entries.
+In cases where the database is absent, outdated, or corrupt,
+.Nm
+falls back to looking for files called
+.Ar name . Ns Ar section .
If both a formatted and an unformatted version of the same manual page,
for example
.Pa cat1/foo.0
and
.Pa man1/foo.1 ,
exist in the same directory, only the unformatted version is used.
+The database is kept up to date with
+.Xr makewhatis 8 ,
+which is run by the
+.Xr weekly 8
+maintenance script.
+.Pp
+Guidelines for writing
+man pages can be found in
+.Xr mdoc 7 .
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
.Bl -tag -width MANPATHX
.It Ev MACHINE
Any non-empty value of the environment variable
.Ev MANPAGER
is used instead of the standard pagination program,
-.Xr more 1 .
+.Xr less 1 .
If
.Xr less 1
is used, the interactive
can be used to move to the next and to the previous place providing
information about the term last searched for with
.Ic :t .
+The
+.Fl O Cm tag Ns Op = Ns Ar term
+option documented in the
+.Xr mandoc 1
+manual opens a manual page at the definition of a specific
+.Ar term
+rather than at the beginning.
.It Ev MANPATH
-The standard search path used by
-.Nm
-may be changed by specifying a path in the
+Override the standard search path which is either specified in
+.Xr man.conf 5
+or the default path.
+The format of
.Ev MANPATH
-environment variable.
-The format of the path is a colon
+is a colon
.Pq Ql \&:
separated list of directories.
-Invalid paths, or paths without manual databases, are ignored.
+Invalid directories are ignored.
Overridden by
.Fl M ,
ignored if
.Pp
If
.Ev MANPATH
-begins with a colon, it is appended to the default list;
-if it ends with a colon, it is prepended to the default list;
+begins with a colon, it is appended to the standard path;
+if it ends with a colon, it is prepended to the standard path;
or if it contains two adjacent colons,
-the standard search path is inserted between the colons.
-If none of these conditions are met, it overrides the
-standard search path.
+the standard path is inserted between the colons.
.It Ev PAGER
Specifies the pagination program to use when
.Ev MANPAGER
is not defined.
If neither PAGER nor MANPAGER is defined,
-.Xr more 1
-.Fl s
+.Xr less 1
is used.
-Only used if
-.Fl a
-or
-.Fl l
-is specified.
.El
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /etc/man.conf -compact
.It Pa /etc/man.conf
-default man configuration file
+default
+.Nm
+configuration file
.El
.Sh EXIT STATUS
.Ex -std man
See
.Xr mandoc 1
for details.
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+Format a page for pasting extracts into an email message \(em
+avoid printing any UTF-8 characters, reduce the width to ease
+quoting in replies, and remove markup:
+.Pp
+.Dl $ man -T ascii -O width=65 pledge | col -b
+.Pp
+Read a typeset page in a PDF viewer:
+.Pp
+.Dl $ MANPAGER=mupdf man -T pdf lpd
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr apropos 1 ,
-.Xr intro 1 ,
+.Xr col 1 ,
+.Xr mandoc 1 ,
+.Xr ul 1 ,
.Xr whereis 1 ,
-.Xr intro 2 ,
-.Xr intro 3 ,
-.Xr intro 4 ,
-.Xr intro 5 ,
.Xr man.conf 5 ,
-.Xr intro 6 ,
-.Xr intro 7 ,
-.Xr mdoc 7 ,
-.Xr intro 8 ,
-.Xr intro 9
+.Xr mdoc 7
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Nm
A
.Nm
command first appeared in
-.At v3 .
+.At v2 .
.Pp
The
.Fl w
git.ckatri.com / mandoc.git / blobdiff