Added news item for new version.

[mandoc.git] / mandoc.1

diff --git a/mandoc.1 b/mandoc.1
index 88b47c56651559264ac1fa3de72fac33629446eb..64152e8b68d1794b10667ca9293ac249b375cf72 100644 (file)
--- a/mandoc.1
+++ b/mandoc.1
@@ -1,74 +1,84 @@
-.\" $Id: mandoc.1,v 1.5 2009/03/21 21:09:00 kristaps Exp $
+.\"    $Id: mandoc.1,v 1.50 2010/01/29 14:39:38 kristaps Exp $

 .\"
 .\"

-.\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@openbsd.org>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@kth.se>

 .\"
 .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 .\"
 .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any

-.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the
-.\" above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all
-.\" copies.
+.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.

 .\"
 .\"

-.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL
-.\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED
-.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-.\" AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
-.\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER
-.\" TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
-.\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

 .\"
 .\"

-.Dd $Mdocdate: March 21 2009 $
-.Dt mandoc 1
+.Dd $Mdocdate: January 29 2010 $
+.Dt MANDOC 1

 .Os
 .Os

-.\" SECTION
+.
+.

 .Sh NAME
 .Nm mandoc
 .Sh NAME
 .Nm mandoc

-.Nd format and display BSD manuals
-.\" SECTION
+.Nd format and display UNIX manuals
+.
+.

 .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .Nm mandoc
 .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .Nm mandoc

-.Op Fl V

 .Op Fl f Ns Ar option...
 .Op Fl f Ns Ar option...

-.Op Fl W Ns Ar err...
+.Op Fl m Ns Ar format
+.Op Fl O Ns Ar option...

 .Op Fl T Ns Ar output
 .Op Fl T Ns Ar output

+.Op Fl V
+.Op Fl W Ns Ar err...

 .Op Ar infile...
 .Op Ar infile...

-.\" SECTION
+.
+.

 .Sh DESCRIPTION
 The
 .Nm
 .Sh DESCRIPTION
 The
 .Nm

-utility formats a BSD 
-.Dq mdoc 
-manual page for display.  The arguments are as follows:
-.Bl -tag -width XXXXXXXXXXXX
-.\" ITEM
+utility formats
+.Ux
+manual pages for display.  The arguments are as follows:
+.
+.Bl -tag -width Ds

 .It Fl f Ns Ar option...
 .It Fl f Ns Ar option...

-Override default compiler behaviour.  See 
+Comma-separated compiler options.  See

 .Sx Compiler Options
 for details.
 .Sx Compiler Options
 for details.

-.\" ITEM
-.It Fl T
+.
+.It Fl m Ns Ar format
+Input format.  See
+.Sx Input Formats
+for available formats.  Defaults to
+.Fl m Ns Ar andoc .
+.
+.It Fl O Ns Ar option...
+Comma-separated output options.  See
+.Sx Output Options
+for details.
+.
+.It Fl T Ns Ar output

 Output format.  See
 .Sx Output Formats
 for available formats.  Defaults to
 .Fl T Ns Ar ascii .
 Output format.  See
 .Sx Output Formats
 for available formats.  Defaults to
 .Fl T Ns Ar ascii .

-.\" ITEM
+.

 .It Fl V
 Print version and exit.
 .It Fl V
 Print version and exit.

-.\" ITEM
+.

 .It Fl W Ns Ar err...
 .It Fl W Ns Ar err...

-Print warning messages.  May be set to 
+Comma-separated warning options.  Use

 .Fl W Ns Ar all
 .Fl W Ns Ar all

-for all warnings, 
-.Ar compat
-for groff/troff-compatibility warnings, or
-.Ar syntax
-for syntax warnings.  If
-.Fl W Ns Ar error 
-is specified, warnings are considered errors and cause utility
-termination.  Multiple 
+to print warnings,
+.Fl W Ns Ar error
+for warnings to be considered errors and cause utility
+termination.  Multiple

 .Fl W
 arguments may be comma-separated, such as
 .Fl W Ns Ar error,all .
 .Fl W
 arguments may be comma-separated, such as
 .Fl W Ns Ar error,all .

-.\" ITEM
+.

 .It Ar infile...
 Read input from zero or more
 .Ar infile .
 .It Ar infile...
 Read input from zero or more
 .Ar infile .


@@ -76,140 +86,442 @@ If unspecified, reads from stdin.  If multiple files are specified,
 .Nm
 will halt with the first failed parse.
 .El
 .Nm
 will halt with the first failed parse.
 .El

-.\" PARAGRAPH
+.

 .Pp
 .Pp

-By default, 
-.Nm 
-reads from stdin and prints 78-column backspace-encoded output to stdout
-as if
+By default,
+.Nm
+reads
+.Xr mdoc 7
+or
+.Xr man 7
+text from stdin, implying
+.Fl m Ns Ar andoc ,
+and produces

 .Fl T Ns Ar ascii
 .Fl T Ns Ar ascii

-were provided.
-.\" PARAGRAPH
+output.
+.

 .Pp
 .Ex -std mandoc
 .Pp
 .Ex -std mandoc

-.\" SUB-SECTION
-.Ss Reserved Words
-The reserved words described in
+.
+.
+.Ss Input Formats
+The
+.Nm
+utility accepts

 .Xr mdoc 7
 .Xr mdoc 7

-are handled according to the following rules:
-.Bl -enum -offset XXX
-.It
-Opening delimiters 
-.Po
-.Sq \&( , 
-.Sq \&[ , 

 and
 and

-.Sq \&{
-.Pc are not followed by whitespace.
-.It
-Closing delimiters
-.Po
-.Sq \&. , 
-.Sq \&, , 
-.Sq \&; , 
-.Sq \&: , 
-.Sq \&? , 
-.Sq \&! , 
-.Sq \&) , 
-.Sq \&] 
+.Xr man 7
+input with
+.Fl m Ns Ar doc

 and
 and

-.Sq \&}
-.Pc are not preceeded by whitespace.
-.El
-.\" PARAGRAPH
+.Fl m Ns Ar an ,
+respectively.  The
+.Xr mdoc 7
+format is
+.Em strongly
+recommended;
+.Xr man 7
+should only be used for legacy manuals.
+.

 .Pp
 .Pp

-Note that reserved words may occur in streams of text, so the following:
-.Bd -literal -offset XXXX
-this self is not that of the waking , empirically real man
-.Ed
-.\" PARAGRAPH
+A third option,
+.Fl m Ns Ar andoc ,
+which is also the default, determines encoding on-the-fly: if the first
+non-comment macro is
+.Sq \&Dd
+or
+.Sq \&Dt ,
+the
+.Xr mdoc 7
+parser is used; otherwise, the
+.Xr man 7
+parser is used.
+.

 .Pp
 .Pp

-\&...correctly adjusts the comma spacing to
-.Qq this self is not that of the waking , empirically real man .
-.\" SUB-SECTION
+If multiple
+files are specified with
+.Fl m Ns Ar andoc ,
+each has its file-type determined this way.  If multiple files are
+specified and
+.Fl m Ns Ar doc
+or
+.Fl m Ns Ar an
+is specified, then this format is used exclusively.
+.
+.

 .Ss Output Formats
 The
 .Nm
 utility accepts the following
 .Fl T
 .Ss Output Formats
 The
 .Nm
 utility accepts the following
 .Fl T

-arguments:
-.Bl -tag -width XXXXXXXXXXXX -offset XXXX
-.It Ar ascii
+arguments (see
+.Sx OUTPUT ) :
+.
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Fl T Ns Ar ascii

 Produce 7-bit ASCII output, backspace-encoded for bold and underline
 Produce 7-bit ASCII output, backspace-encoded for bold and underline

-styles.  This is the default.
-.It Ar tree
+styles.  This is the default.  See
+.Sx ASCII Output .
+.
+.It Fl T Ns Ar html
+Produce strict HTML-4.01 output, with a sane default style.  See
+.Sx HTML Output .
+.
+.It Fl T Ns Ar xhtml
+Produce strict XHTML-1.0 output, with a sane default style.  See
+.Sx XHTML Output .
+.
+.It Fl T Ns Ar tree

 Produce an indented parse tree.
 Produce an indented parse tree.

-.It Ar lint
+.
+.It Fl T Ns Ar lint

 Parse only: produce no output.
 .El
 Parse only: produce no output.
 .El

-.\" SUB-SECTION
+.
+.Pp
+If multiple input files are specified, these will be processed by the
+corresponding filter in-order.
+.
+.

 .Ss Compiler Options
 .Ss Compiler Options

-Default compiler behaviour may be overriden with the
+Default compiler behaviour may be overridden with the

 .Fl f
 flag.
 .Fl f
 flag.

-.Bl -tag -width XXXXXXXXXXXX -offset XXXX
+.
+.Bl -tag -width Ds

 .It Fl f Ns Ar ign-scope
 When rewinding the scope of a block macro, forces the compiler to ignore
 scope violations.  This can seriously mangle the resulting tree.
 .It Fl f Ns Ar ign-scope
 When rewinding the scope of a block macro, forces the compiler to ignore
 scope violations.  This can seriously mangle the resulting tree.

+.Pq mdoc only
+.

 .It Fl f Ns Ar ign-escape
 Ignore invalid escape sequences.
 .It Fl f Ns Ar ign-escape
 Ignore invalid escape sequences.

-.It Fl f Ns Ar ign-macro
-Ignore unknown macros at the start of input lines.
+This is the default, but the option can be used to override an earlier
+.Fl f Ns Ar strict .
+.
+.It Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-escape
+Don't ignore invalid escape sequences.
+.
+.It Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-macro
+Do not ignore unknown macros at the start of input lines.
+.
+.It Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-chars
+Do not ignore disallowed characters.
+.
+.It Fl f Ns Ar strict
+Implies
+.Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-escape ,
+.Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-macro
+and
+.Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-chars .
+.
+.It Fl f Ns Ar ign-errors
+Don't halt when encountering parse errors.  Useful with
+.Fl T Ns Ar lint
+over a large set of manuals passed on the command line.
+.El
+.
+.
+.Ss Output Options
+For the time being, only
+.Fl T Ns Ar html
+accepts output options:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Fl O Ns Ar style=style.css
+The file
+.Ar style.css
+is used for an external style-sheet.  This must be a valid absolute or
+relative URI.
+.It Fl O Ns Ar includes=fmt
+The string
+.Ar fmt ,
+for example,
+.Ar ../src/%I.html ,
+is used as a template for linked header files (usually via the
+.Sq \&In
+macro).  Instances of
+.Sq \&%I
+are replaced with the include filename.  The default is not to present a
+hyperlink.
+.It Fl O Ns Ar man=fmt
+The string
+.Ar fmt ,
+for example,
+.Ar ../html%S/%N.%S.html ,
+is used as a template for linked manuals (usually via the
+.Sq \&Xr
+macro).  Instances of
+.Sq \&%N
+and
+.Sq %S
+are replaced with the linked manual's name and section, respectively.
+If no section is included, section 1 is assumed.  The default is not to
+present a hyperlink.

 .El
 .El

-.\" PARAGRAPH
+.
+.
+.Sh OUTPUT
+This section documents output details of
+.Nm .
+In general, output conforms to the traditional manual style of a header,
+a body composed of sections and sub-sections, and a footer.

 .Pp
 .Pp

-As with the
-.Fl W
-flag, multiple
-.Fl f
-options may be grouped and delimited with a comma.  Using
-.Fl f Ns Ar ign-scope,ign-escape ,
-for example, will try to ignore scope and character-escape errors.
-.\" SECTION
-.Sh EXAMPLES
-To page this manual page on the terminal:
-.\" PARAGRAPH
+The text style of output characters (non-macro characters, punctuation,
+and white-space) is dictated by context.

 .Pp
 .Pp

-.D1 % mandoc \-Wall,error mandoc.1 2>&1 | less
-.\" SECTION
-.Sh SEE ALSO
+White-space is generally stripped from input.  This can be changed with
+character escapes (specified in
+.Xr mandoc_char 7 )
+or literal modes (specified in

 .Xr mdoc 7
 .Xr mdoc 7

-.\" 
-.Sh AUTHORS
+and
+.Xr man 7 ) .
+.Pp
+If non-macro punctuation is set apart from words, such as in the phrase
+.Dq to be \&, or not to be ,
+it's processed by
+.Nm ,
+regardless of output format, according to the following rules:  opening
+punctuation
+.Po
+.Sq \&( ,
+.Sq \&[ ,
+and
+.Sq \&{
+.Pc
+is not followed by a space; closing punctuation
+.Po
+.Sq \&. ,
+.Sq \&, ,
+.Sq \&; ,
+.Sq \&: ,
+.Sq \&? ,
+.Sq \&! ,
+.Sq \&) ,
+.Sq \&]
+and
+.Sq \&}
+.Pc
+is not preceded by white-space.
+.
+.Pp
+If the input is
+.Xr mdoc 7 ,
+however, these rules are also applied to macro arguments when appropriate.
+.
+.
+.Ss ASCII Output
+Output produced by
+.Fl T Ns Ar ascii ,
+which is the default, is rendered in standard 7-bit ASCII documented in
+.Xr ascii 7 .
+.Pp
+Font styles are applied by using back-spaced encoding such that an
+underlined character
+.Sq c
+is rendered as
+.Sq _ Ns \e[bs] Ns c ,
+where
+.Sq \e[bs]
+is the back-space character number 8.  Emboldened characters are rendered as
+.Sq c Ns \e[bs] Ns c .
+.Pp
+The special characters documented in
+.Xr mandoc_char 7
+are rendered best-effort in an ASCII equivalent.
+.Pp
+Output width is limited to 78 visible columns unless literal input lines
+exceed this limit.
+.
+.
+.Ss HTML Output
+Output produced by
+.Fl T Ns Ar html
+conforms to HTML-4.01 strict.
+.Pp
+Font styles and page structure are applied using CSS2.  By default, no
+font style is applied to any text, although CSS2 is hard-coded to format
+the basic structure of output.
+.Pp

 The
 The

-.Nm
-utility was written by 
-.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@openbsd.org .
-.\" SECTION
-.Sh CAVEATS
-The 
-.Nm
-utility in
-.Fl T Ns Ar ascii
-mode doesn't yet know how to display the following:
+.Pa example.style.css
+file documents the range of styles applied to output and, if used, will
+cause rendered documents to appear as they do in
+.Fl T Ns Ar ascii .
+.Pp
+Special characters are rendered in decimal-encoded UTF-8.
+.
+.
+.Ss XHTML Output
+Output produced by
+.Fl T Ns Ar xhtml
+conforms to XHTML-1.0 strict.
+.Pp
+See
+.Sx HTML Output
+for details; beyond generating XHTML tags instead of HTML tags, these
+output modes are identical.
+.
+.
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+To page manuals to the terminal:
+.
+.Pp
+.D1 % mandoc \-Wall,error \-fstrict mandoc.1 2>&1 | less
+.D1 % mandoc mandoc.1 mdoc.3 mdoc.7 | less
+.
+.Pp
+To produce HTML manuals with
+.Ar style.css
+as the style-sheet:

 .Pp
 .Pp

+.D1 % mandoc \-Thtml -Ostyle=style.css mdoc.7 > mdoc.7.html
+.Pp
+To check over a large set of manuals:
+.
+.Pp
+.Dl % mandoc \-Tlint \-fign-errors `find /usr/src -name \e*\e.[1-9]`
+.
+.
+.Sh COMPATIBILITY
+This section summarises
+.Nm
+compatibility with
+.Xr groff 1 .
+Each input and output format is separately noted.
+.
+.
+.Ss ASCII Compatibility

 .Bl -bullet -compact
 .It
 .Bl -bullet -compact
 .It

-The \-hang 
-.Sq \&Bl
-list is not yet supported.
-.\" LIST-ITEM
+The
+.Sq \e~
+special character doesn't produce expected behaviour in
+.Fl T Ns Ar ascii .
+.
+.It
+The
+.Sq \&Bd \-literal
+and
+.Sq \&Bd \-unfilled
+macros of
+.Xr mdoc 7
+in
+.Fl T Ns Ar ascii
+are synonyms, as are \-filled and \-ragged.
+.
+.It
+In
+.Xr groff 1 ,
+the
+.Sq \&Pa
+.Xr mdoc 7
+macro does not underline when scoped under an
+.Sq \&It
+in the FILES section.  This behaves correctly in
+.Nm .
+.
+.It
+A list or display following
+.Sq \&Ss
+.Xr mdoc 7
+macro in
+.Fl T Ns Ar ascii
+does not assert a prior vertical break, just as it doesn't with
+.Sq \&Sh .
+.
+.It
+The
+.Sq \&na
+.Xr man 7
+macro in
+.Fl T Ns Ar ascii
+has no effect.
+.
+.It
+Words aren't hyphenated.
+.
+.It
+In normal mode (not a literal block), blocks of spaces aren't preserved,
+so double spaces following sentence closure are reduced to a single space;
+.Xr groff 1
+retains spaces.
+.
+.It
+Sentences are unilaterally monospaced.
+.El
+.
+.
+.Ss HTML/XHTML Compatibility
+.Bl -bullet -compact

 .It
 .It

-The \-literal and \-unfilled 
-.Sq \&Bd
-displays types are synonyms, as are \-filled and \-ragged.
-.\" LIST-ITEM
+The
+.Sq \efP
+escape will revert the font to the previous
+.Sq \ef
+escape, not to the last rendered decoration, which is now dictated by
+CSS instead of hard-coded.  It also will not span past the current
+scope, for the same reason.  Note that in
+.Sx ASCII Output
+mode, this will work fine.

 .It
 The
 .It
 The

-.Sq \&Xo/Xc
-pair isn't supported.
-.\" LIST-ITEM
+.Xr mdoc 7
+.Sq \&Bl \-hang
+and
+.Sq \&Bl \-tag
+list types render similarly (no break following overreached left-hand
+side) due to the expressive constraints of HTML.
+.

 .It
 The
 .It
 The

-.Sq \&Bd
-macro doesn't process \-compact .
+.Xr man 7
+.Sq IP
+and
+.Sq TP
+lists render similarly.

 .El
 .El

+.
+.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr mandoc_char 7 ,
+.Xr mdoc 7 ,
+.Xr man 7
+.
+.Sh AUTHORS
+The
+.Nm
+utility was written by
+.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@kth.se .
+.
+.
+.Sh CAVEATS
+The
+.Fl T Ns Ar html
+and
+.Fl T Ns Ar xhtml
+CSS2 styling used for
+.Fl m Ns Ar doc
+input lists does not render properly in brain-dead browsers, such as
+Internet Explorer 6 and earlier.

 .Pp
 .Pp

-Other macros still aren't supported by virtue of nobody complaining
-about their absence.  Please report any omissions: this is a work in
-progress.
+In
+.Fl T Ns Ar html
+and
+.Fl T Ns Ar xhtml ,
+the maximum size of an element attribute is determined by
+.Dv BUFSIZ ,
+which is usually 1024 bytes.  Be aware of this when setting long link
+formats, e.g.,
+.Fl O Ns Ar style=really/long/link .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl T Ns Ar html
+and
+.Fl T Ns Ar xhtml
+output modes don't render the
+.Sq \es
+font size escape documented in
+.Xr mdoc 7
+and
+.Xr man 7 .