-.\" $Id: mdoc.7,v 1.171 2010/12/22 23:53:55 schwarze Exp $
+.\" $Id: mdoc.7,v 1.179 2011/02/07 00:05:40 schwarze Exp $
.\"
-.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
.\"
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
.\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: December 22 2010 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: February 7 2011 $
.Dt MDOC 7
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm
documents may contain only graphable 7-bit ASCII characters, the space
character, and, in certain circumstances, the tab character.
-All manuals must have
-.Ux
-line terminators.
+.Pp
+If the first character of a line is a space, that line is printed
+with a leading newline.
.Ss Comments
Text following a
.Sq \e\*q ,
escape followed by an indicator: B (bold), I (italic), R (Roman), or P
(revert to previous mode):
.Pp
-.D1 \efBbold\efR \efIitalic\efP
+.Dl \efBbold\efR \efIitalic\efP
.Pp
A numerical representation 3, 2, or 1 (bold, italic, and Roman,
respectively) may be used instead.
By doing so, front-ends will be able to apply the proper amount of
spacing after the end of sentence (unescaped) period, exclamation mark,
or question mark followed by zero or more non-sentence closing
-delimiters (
-.Ns Sq \&) ,
+delimiters
+.Po
+.Sq \&) ,
.Sq \&] ,
.Sq \&' ,
-.Sq \&" ) .
+.Sq \&"
+.Pc .
.Pp
The proper spacing is also intelligently preserved if a sentence ends at
the boundary of a macro line.
For example:
.Pp
-.D1 \&Xr mandoc 1 \.
-.D1 \&Fl T \&Ns \&Cm ascii \.
+.Dl \&Xr mandoc 1 \.
+.Dl \&Fl T \&Ns \&Cm ascii \.
.Sh MANUAL STRUCTURE
A well-formed
.Nm
.It Sx \&%T Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0
.It Sx \&%U Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0
.It Sx \&%V Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0
-.It Sx \&Ad Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
-.It Sx \&An Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
+.It Sx \&Ad Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
+.It Sx \&An Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
.It Sx \&Ap Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 0
.It Sx \&Ar Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
.It Sx \&At Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 1
.It Sx \&Bt Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0
.It Sx \&Bx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
.It Sx \&Cd Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
-.It Sx \&Cm Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
+.It Sx \&Cm Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
.It Sx \&Db Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1
.It Sx \&Dd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n
.It Sx \&Dt Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n
-.It Sx \&Dv Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
+.It Sx \&Dv Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
.It Sx \&Dx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
.It Sx \&Em Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
.It Sx \&En Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0
.It Sx \&Er Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
.It Sx \&Es Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0
-.It Sx \&Ev Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
+.It Sx \&Ev Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
.It Sx \&Ex Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n
-.It Sx \&Fa Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
+.It Sx \&Fa Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
.It Sx \&Fd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0
.It Sx \&Fl Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
.It Sx \&Fn Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
.It Sx \&Fr Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n
-.It Sx \&Ft Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
+.It Sx \&Ft Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
.It Sx \&Fx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
.It Sx \&Hf Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n
.It Sx \&Ic Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
.It Sx \&In Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n
.It Sx \&Lb Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1
-.It Sx \&Li Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
-.It Sx \&Lk Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
+.It Sx \&Li Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
+.It Sx \&Lk Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
.It Sx \&Lp Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0
.It Sx \&Ms Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
.It Sx \&Mt Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
Do not use this for postal addresses.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Ad [0,$]
-.D1 \&.Ad 0x00000000
+.Dl \&.Ad [0,$]
+.Dl \&.Ad 0x00000000
.Ss \&An
Author name.
Requires either the name of an author or one of the following arguments:
for all other author listings.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.An -nosplit
-.D1 \&.An Kristaps Dzonsons \&Aq kristaps@bsd.lv
+.Dl \&.An -nosplit
+.Dl \&.An Kristaps Dzonsons \&Aq kristaps@bsd.lv
.Ss \&Ao
Begin a block enclosed by angle brackets.
Does not have any head arguments.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Fl -key= \&Ns \&Ao \&Ar val \&Ac
+.Dl \&.Fl -key= \&Ns \&Ao \&Ar val \&Ac
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&Aq .
form of a function.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Fn execve \&Ap d
+.Dl \&.Fn execve \&Ap d
.Ss \&Aq
Encloses its arguments in angle brackets.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Fl -key= \&Ns \&Aq \&Ar val
+.Dl \&.Fl -key= \&Ns \&Aq \&Ar val
.Pp
.Em Remarks :
this macro is often abused for rendering URIs, which should instead use
is used as a default.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Fl o \&Ns \&Ar file1
-.D1 \&.Ar
-.D1 \&.Ar arg1 , arg2 .
+.Dl \&.Fl o \&Ns \&Ar file1
+.Dl \&.Ar
+.Dl \&.Ar arg1 , arg2 .
.Ss \&At
Formats an AT&T version.
Accepts one optional argument:
Note that these arguments do not begin with a hyphen.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.At
-.D1 \&.At V.1
+.Dl \&.At
+.Dl \&.At V.1
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&Bsx ,
Encloses its arguments in square brackets.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Bq 1 , \&Dv BUFSIZ
+.Dl \&.Bq 1 , \&Dv BUFSIZ
.Pp
.Em Remarks :
this macro is sometimes abused to emulate optional arguments for
Encloses its arguments in curly braces.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Brq 1 , ... , \&Va n
+.Dl \&.Brq 1 , ... , \&Va n
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&Bro .
no argument is provided.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Bsx 1.0
-.D1 \&.Bsx
+.Dl \&.Bsx 1.0
+.Dl \&.Bsx
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&At ,
argument is provided.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Bx 4.4
-.D1 \&.Bx
+.Dl \&.Bx 4.4
+.Dl \&.Bx
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&At ,
.Xr config 8 .
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Cd device le0 at scode?
+.Dl \&.Cd device le0 at scode?
.Pp
.Em Remarks :
this macro is commonly abused by using quoted literals to retain
Useful when specifying configuration options or keys.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Cm ControlPath
-.D1 \&.Cm ControlMaster
+.Dl \&.Cm ControlPath
+.Dl \&.Cm ControlMaster
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&Fl .
It is followed by a newline.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.D1 \&Fl abcdefgh
+.Dl \&.D1 \&Fl abcdefgh
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&Bd
If a date does not conform or is empty, the current date is used.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate$
-.D1 \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate: July 21 2007$
-.D1 \&.Dd July 21, 2007
+.Dl \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate$
+.Dl \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate: July 21 2007$
+.Dl \&.Dd July 21, 2007
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&Dt
It is followed by a newline.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Dl % mandoc mdoc.7 \e(ba less
+.Dl \&.Dl % mandoc mdoc.7 \e(ba less
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&Bd
.El
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Dt FOO 1
-.D1 \&.Dt FOO 4 KM
-.D1 \&.Dt FOO 9 i386
+.Dl \&.Dt FOO 1
+.Dl \&.Dt FOO 4 KM
+.Dl \&.Dt FOO 9 i386
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&Dd
Defined variables such as preprocessor constants.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Dv BUFSIZ
-.D1 \&.Dv STDOUT_FILENO
+.Dl \&.Dv BUFSIZ
+.Dl \&.Dv STDOUT_FILENO
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&Er .
value if no argument is provided.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Dx 2.4.1
-.D1 \&.Dx
+.Dl \&.Dx 2.4.1
+.Dl \&.Dx
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&At ,
stylistically decorating technical terms.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Em Warnings!
-.D1 \&.Em Remarks :
+.Dl \&.Em Warnings!
+.Dl \&.Em Remarks :
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&Bf ,
Display error constants.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Er EPERM
-.D1 \&.Er ENOENT
+.Dl \&.Er EPERM
+.Dl \&.Er ENOENT
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&Dv .
.Xr environ 7 .
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Ev DISPLAY
-.D1 \&.Ev PATH
+.Dl \&.Ev DISPLAY
+.Dl \&.Ev PATH
.Ss \&Ex
Insert a standard sentence regarding exit values.
Its syntax is as follows:
the last argument will also have a trailing comma.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Fa \(dqconst char *p\(dq
-.D1 \&.Fa \(dqint a\(dq \(dqint b\(dq \(dqint c\(dq
-.D1 \&.Fa foo
+.Dl \&.Fa \(dqconst char *p\(dq
+.Dl \&.Fa \(dqint a\(dq \(dqint b\(dq \(dqint c\(dq
+.Dl \&.Fa foo
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&Fo .
output.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Fl a b c
-.D1 \&.Fl \&Pf a b
-.D1 \&.Fl
-.D1 \&.Op \&Fl o \&Ns \&Ar file
+.Dl \&.Fl a b c
+.Dl \&.Fl \&Pf a b
+.Dl \&.Fl
+.Dl \&.Op \&Fl o \&Ns \&Ar file
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&Cm .
If no arguments are specified, blank parenthesis are output.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Fn "int funcname" "int arg0" "int arg1"
-.D1 \&.Fn funcname "int arg0"
-.D1 \&.Fn funcname arg0
+.Dl \&.Fn "int funcname" "int arg0" "int arg1"
+.Dl \&.Fn funcname "int arg0"
+.Dl \&.Fn funcname arg0
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
\&.Ft functype
\&.Fn funcname
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Ft Cm functype
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Ft int
+.Dl \&.Ft int
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
\&.Ft functype
\&.Fn funcname
if no argument is provided.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Fx 7.1
-.D1 \&.Fx
+.Dl \&.Fx 7.1
+.Dl \&.Fx
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&At ,
but used for instructions rather than values.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Ic hash
-.D1 \&.Ic alias
+.Dl \&.Ic hash
+.Dl \&.Ic alias
.Pp
Note that using
.Sx \&Bd Fl literal
the arguments is enclosed in angle brackets.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.In sys/types
+.Dl \&.In sys/types
.Pp
See also
.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE .
.Sx \&It ,
for example,
.Pp
-.D1 .It \(dqcol1 ; <TAB> col2 ;\(dq \&;
+.Dl .It \(dqcol1 ; <TAB> col2 ;\(dq \&;
.Pp
will preserve the semicolon whitespace except for the last.
.Pp
.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE .
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Lb libz
-.D1 \&.Lb mdoc
+.Dl \&.Lb libz
+.Dl \&.Lb mdoc
.Ss \&Li
Denotes text that should be in a literal font mode.
Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Lk Cm uri Op Cm name
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Lk http://bsd.lv \*qThe BSD.lv Project\*q
-.D1 \&.Lk http://bsd.lv
+.Dl \&.Lk http://bsd.lv \*qThe BSD.lv Project\*q
+.Dl \&.Lk http://bsd.lv
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&Mt .
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Ms Cm symbol
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Ms sigma
-.D1 \&.Ms aleph
+.Dl \&.Ms sigma
+.Dl \&.Ms aleph
.Ss \&Mt
Format a
.Dq mailto:
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Mt Cm address
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Mt discuss@manpages.bsd.lv
+.Dl \&.Mt discuss@manpages.bsd.lv
.Ss \&Nd
A one line description of the manual's content.
This may only be invoked in the
macro.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Sx \&Nd mdoc language reference
-.D1 \&.Sx \&Nd format and display UNIX manuals
+.Dl \&.Sx \&Nd mdoc language reference
+.Dl \&.Sx \&Nd format and display UNIX manuals
.Pp
The
.Sx \&Nd
macro used to terminate prior macro contexts.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Sx \&Fl ab \&No cd \&Fl ef
+.Dl \&.Sx \&Fl ab \&No cd \&Fl ef
.Ss \&Ns
Suppress a space.
Following invocation, text is interpreted as free-form text until a
macro is encountered.
.Pp
+This has no effect when invoked at the start of a macro line.
+.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Fl o \&Ns \&Ar output
+.Dl \&.Fl o \&Ns \&Ar output
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&No
no argument is provided.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Nx 5.01
-.D1 \&.Nx
+.Dl \&.Nx 5.01
+.Dl \&.Nx
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&At ,
Prints the argument(s) in brackets.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Op \&Fl a \&Ar b
-.D1 \&.Op \&Ar a | b
+.Dl \&.Op \&Fl a \&Ar b
+.Dl \&.Op \&Ar a | b
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&Oo .
This is the suggested form.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Os
-.D1 \&.Os KTH/CSC/TCS
-.D1 \&.Os BSD 4.3
+.Dl \&.Os
+.Dl \&.Os KTH/CSC/TCS
+.Dl \&.Os BSD 4.3
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&Dd
if no argument is provided.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Ox 4.5
-.D1 \&.Ox
+.Dl \&.Ox 4.5
+.Dl \&.Ox
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&At ,
is used as a default.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Pa /usr/bin/mandoc
-.D1 \&.Pa /usr/share/man/man7/mdoc.7
+.Dl \&.Pa /usr/bin/mandoc
+.Dl \&.Pa /usr/share/man/man7/mdoc.7
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&Lk .
argument may be a macro.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Pf \e. \&Sx \&Pf \&Cm prefix suffix
+.Dl \&.Pf \e. \&Sx \&Pf \&Cm prefix suffix
.Ss \&Po
Multi-line version of
.Sx \&Pq .
enclosed argument, including whitespace.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE
+.Dl \&.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE
+.Pp
+See also
+.Sx \&Sh
+and
+.Sx \&Ss .
.Ss \&Sy
Format enclosed arguments in symbolic
.Pq Dq boldface .
Format a tradename.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Tn IBM
+.Dl \&.Tn IBM
.Ss \&Ud
Prints out
.Dq currently under development .
Accepts no argument.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Ux
+.Dl \&.Ux
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&At ,
A variable name.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Va foo
-.D1 \&.Va const char *bar ;
+.Dl \&.Va foo
+.Dl \&.Va const char *bar ;
.Ss \&Vt
A variable type.
This is also used for indicating global variables in the
which is used for function return types.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Vt unsigned char
-.D1 \&.Vt extern const char * const sys_signame[] \&;
+.Dl \&.Vt unsigned char
+.Dl \&.Vt extern const char * const sys_signame[] \&;
.Pp
See also
.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE
GNU troff.
.Pp
Examples:
-.D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1
-.D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&;
-.D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&Ns s behaviour
+.Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1
+.Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&;
+.Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&Ns s behaviour
.Ss \&br
Emits a line-break.
This macro should not be used; it is implemented for compatibility with
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr man 1 ,
.Xr mandoc 1 ,
+.Xr man 7 ,
.Xr mandoc_char 7
+.Xr roff 7 ,
+.Xr tbl 7
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm