-.\" $Id: man.7,v 1.1 2009/03/23 16:02:56 kristaps Exp $
+.\" $Id: man.7,v 1.19 2009/07/14 15:56:44 kristaps Exp $
.\"
-.\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@openbsd.org>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@kth.se>
.\"
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
-.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the
-.\" above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all
-.\" copies.
+.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
.\"
-.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL
-.\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED
-.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-.\" AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
-.\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER
-.\" TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
-.\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
-.\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: March 23 2009 $
-.Dt man 7
+.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+.\"
+.Dd $Mdocdate: July 14 2009 $
+.Dt MAN 7
.Os
.\" SECTION
.Sh NAME
.Nm man
language was historically used to format
.Ux
-manuals. In this reference document, we describe the syntax and
-structure of the
-.Nm
-language.
+manuals. This reference document describes its syntax, structure, and
+usage.
.Pp
-.Em \&Do not
-use
+.Bf Em
+Do not use
.Nm
-to write your manuals. Use the
+to write your manuals.
+.Ef
+Use the
.Xr mdoc 7
language, instead.
.\" PARAGRAPH
.Nm
document follows simple rules: lines beginning with the control
character
-.Sq \.
+.Sq \&.
are parsed for macros. Other lines are interpreted within the scope of
prior macros:
-.Bd -literal -offset XXX
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
\&.SH Macro lines change control state.
Other lines are interpreted within the current state.
.Ed
-.\" PARAGRAPH
-.Pp
-Macros are character sequences whose structural rules are described
-later in this document.
.\" SECTION
.Sh INPUT ENCODING
.Nm
-documents may contain only graphable 7-bit ASCII characters and the
-space character
-.Sq \ .
-All manuals must have
-.Sq \en
+documents may contain only graphable 7-bit ASCII characters, the
+space character, and the tabs character. All manuals must have
+.Ux
line termination.
.Pp
-Blank lines are acceptable; where found, the output will also assert a
+Blank lines are acceptable; where found, the output will assert a
vertical space.
+.Pp
+The
+.Sq \ec
+escape is common in historical
+.Nm
+documents; if encountered at the end of a word, it ensures that the
+subsequent word isn't off-set by whitespace.
+.\" SUB-SECTION
+.Ss Comments
+Anything following a
+.Sq \e"
+delimiter is considered a comment (unless the
+.Sq \e
+itself has been escaped) and is ignored to the end of line.
+Furthermore, a macro line with only a control character
+.Sq \. ,
+optionally followed by whitespace, is ignored.
.\" SUB-SECTION
.Ss Special Characters
Special character sequences begin with the escape character
-.Sq \\
+.Sq \e
followed by either an open-parenthesis
.Sq \&(
for two-character sequences; an open-bracket
or a single one-character sequence.
.Pp
Characters may alternatively be escaped by a slash-asterisk,
-.Sq \\* ,
-with the same combinations as described above. This form is deprecated.
+.Sq \e* ,
+with the same combinations as described above.
.Pp
-The following is a table of all available escapes.
-.Pp
-Grammatic:
-.Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact
-.It \\(em
-.Pq em-dash
-.It \\(en
-.Pq en-dash
-.It \e-
-.Pq hyphen
-.It \\\\
-.Pq back-slash
-.It \e'
-.Pq apostrophe
-.It \e`
-.Pq back-tick
-.It \\
-.Pq space
-.It \\.
-.Pq period
-.It \\(r!
-.Pq upside-down exclamation
-.It \\(r?
-.Pq upside-down question
-.El
-.\" PARAGRAPH
-.Pp
-Enclosures:
-.Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact
-.It \\(lh
-.Pq left hand
-.It \\(rh
-.Pq right hand
-.It \\(Fo
-.Pq left guillemet
-.It \\(Fc
-.Pq right guillemet
-.It \\(fo
-.Pq left guilsing
-.It \\(fc
-.Pq right guilsing
-.It \\(rC
-.Pq right brace
-.It \\(lC
-.Pq left brace
-.It \\(ra
-.Pq right angle
-.It \\(la
-.Pq left angle
-.It \\(rB
-.Pq right bracket
-.It \\(lB
-.Pq left bracket
-.It \\q
-.Pq double-quote
-.It \\(lq
-.Pq left double-quote
-.It \\(Lq
-.Pq left double-quote, deprecated
-.It \\(rq
-.Pq right double-quote
-.It \\(Rq
-.Pq right double-quote, deprecated
-.It \\(oq
-.Pq left single-quote
-.It \\(aq
-.Pq right single-quote
-.It \\(Bq
-.Pq right low double-quote
-.It \\(bq
-.Pq right low single-quote
-.El
-.\" PARAGRAPH
-.Pp
-Indicatives:
-.Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact
-.It \\(<-
-.Pq left arrow
-.It \\(->
-.Pq right arrow
-.It \\(ua
-.Pq up arrow
-.It \\(da
-.Pq down arrow
-.It \\(<>
-.Pq left-right arrow
-.It \\(lA
-.Pq left double-arrow
-.It \\(rA
-.Pq right double-arrow
-.It \\(uA
-.Pq up double-arrow
-.It \\(dA
-.Pq down double-arrow
-.It \\(hA
-.Pq left-right double-arrow
-.El
-.\" PARAGRAPH
-.Pp
-Mathematical:
-.Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact
-.It \\(es
-.Pq empty set
-.It \\(ca
-.Pq intersection
-.It \\(cu
-.Pq union
-.It \\(gr
-.Pq gradient
-.It \\(pd
-.Pq partial differential
-.It \\(ap
-.Pq similarity
-.It \\(=)
-.Pq proper superset
-.It \\((=
-.Pq proper subset
-.It \\(eq
-.Pq equals
-.It \\(di
-.Pq division
-.It \\(mu
-.Pq multiplication
-.It \\(pl
-.Pq addition
-.It \\(nm
-.Pq not element
-.It \\(mo
-.Pq element
-.It \\(Im
-.Pq imaginary
-.It \\(Re
-.Pq real
-.It \\(Ah
-.Pq aleph
-.It \\(te
-.Pq existential quantifier
-.It \\(fa
-.Pq universal quantifier
-.It \\(AN
-.Pq logical AND
-.It \\(OR
-.Pq logical OR
-.It \\(no
-.Pq logical NOT
-.It \\(st
-.Pq such that
-.It \\(tf
-.Pq therefore
-.It \\(~~
-.Pq approximate
-.It \\(~=
-.Pq approximately equals
-.It \\(=~
-.Pq congruent
-.It \\(Gt
-.Pq greater-than, deprecated
-.It \\(Lt
-.Pq less-than, deprecated
-.It \\(<=
-.Pq less-than-equal
-.It \\(Le
-.Pq less-than-equal, deprecated
-.It \\(>=
-.Pq greater-than-equal
-.It \\(Ge
-.Pq greater-than-equal
-.It \\(==
-.Pq equal
-.It \\(!=
-.Pq not equal
-.It \\(Ne
-.Pq not equal, deprecated
-.It \\(if
-.Pq infinity
-.It \\(If
-.Pq infinity, deprecated
-.It \\(na
-.Pq NaN , an extension
-.It \\(Na
-.Pq NaN, deprecated
-.It \\(+-
-.Pq plus-minus
-.It \\(Pm
-.Pq plus-minus, deprecated
-.It \\(**
-.Pq asterisk
-.El
-.\" PARAGRAPH
-.Pp
-Ligatures:
-.Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact
-.It \\(ss
-.Pq German eszett
-.It \\(AE
-.Pq upper-case AE
-.It \\(ae
-.Pq lower-case AE
-.It \\(OE
-.Pq upper-case OE
-.It \\(oe
-.Pq lower-case OE
-.It \\(ff
-.Pq ff ligature
-.It \\(fi
-.Pq fi ligature
-.It \\(fl
-.Pq fl ligature
-.It \\(Fi
-.Pq ffi ligature
-.It \\(Fl
-.Pq ffl ligature
-.El
-.\" PARAGRAPH
-.Pp
-Diacritics and letters:
-.Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact
-.It \\(ga
-.Pq grave accent
-.It \\(aa
-.Pq accute accent
-.It \\(a"
-.Pq umlaut accent
-.It \\(ad
-.Pq dieresis accent
-.It \\(a~
-.Pq tilde accent
-.It \\(a^
-.Pq circumflex accent
-.It \\(ac
-.Pq cedilla accent
-.It \\(ad
-.Pq dieresis accent
-.It \\(ah
-.Pq caron accent
-.It \\(ao
-.Pq ring accent
-.It \\(ho
-.Pq hook accent
-.It \\(ab
-.Pq breve accent
-.It \\(a-
-.Pq macron accent
-.It \\(-D
-.Pq upper-case eth
-.It \\(Sd
-.Pq lower-case eth
-.It \\(TP
-.Pq upper-case thorn
-.It \\(Tp
-.Pq lower-case thorn
-.It \\('A
-.Pq upper-case acute A
-.It \\('E
-.Pq upper-case acute E
-.It \\('I
-.Pq upper-case acute I
-.It \\('O
-.Pq upper-case acute O
-.It \\('U
-.Pq upper-case acute U
-.It \\('a
-.Pq lower-case acute a
-.It \\('e
-.Pq lower-case acute e
-.It \\('i
-.Pq lower-case acute i
-.It \\('o
-.Pq lower-case acute o
-.It \\('u
-.Pq lower-case acute u
-.It \\(`A
-.Pq upper-case grave A
-.It \\(`E
-.Pq upper-case grave E
-.It \\(`I
-.Pq upper-case grave I
-.It \\(`O
-.Pq upper-case grave O
-.It \\(`U
-.Pq upper-case grave U
-.It \\(`a
-.Pq lower-case grave a
-.It \\(`e
-.Pq lower-case grave e
-.It \\(`i
-.Pq lower-case grave i
-.It \\(`o
-.Pq lower-case grave o
-.It \\(`u
-.Pq lower-case grave u
-.It \\(~A
-.Pq upper-case tilde A
-.It \\(~N
-.Pq upper-case tilde N
-.It \\(~O
-.Pq upper-case tilde O
-.It \\(~a
-.Pq lower-case tilde a
-.It \\(~n
-.Pq lower-case tilde n
-.It \\(~o
-.Pq lower-case tilde o
-.It \\(:A
-.Pq upper-case dieresis A
-.It \\(:E
-.Pq upper-case dieresis E
-.It \\(:I
-.Pq upper-case dieresis I
-.It \\(:O
-.Pq upper-case dieresis O
-.It \\(:U
-.Pq upper-case dieresis U
-.It \\(:a
-.Pq lower-case dieresis a
-.It \\(:e
-.Pq lower-case dieresis e
-.It \\(:i
-.Pq lower-case dieresis i
-.It \\(:o
-.Pq lower-case dieresis o
-.It \\(:u
-.Pq lower-case dieresis u
-.It \\(:y
-.Pq lower-case dieresis y
-.It \\(^A
-.Pq upper-case circumflex A
-.It \\(^E
-.Pq upper-case circumflex E
-.It \\(^I
-.Pq upper-case circumflex I
-.It \\(^O
-.Pq upper-case circumflex O
-.It \\(^U
-.Pq upper-case circumflex U
-.It \\(^a
-.Pq lower-case circumflex a
-.It \\(^e
-.Pq lower-case circumflex e
-.It \\(^i
-.Pq lower-case circumflex i
-.It \\(^o
-.Pq lower-case circumflex o
-.It \\(^u
-.Pq lower-case circumflex u
-.It \\(,C
-.Pq upper-case cedilla C
-.It \\(,c
-.Pq lower-case cedilla c
-.It \\(/L
-.Pq upper-case stroke L
-.It \\(/l
-.Pq lower-case stroke l
-.It \\(/O
-.Pq upper-case stroke O
-.It \\(/o
-.Pq lower-case stroke o
-.It \\(oA
-.Pq upper-case ring A
-.It \\(oa
-.Pq lower-case ring a
-.El
-.\" PARAGRAPH
-.Pp
-Monetary:
-.Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact
-.It \\(Cs
-.Pq Scandinavian
-.It \\(Do
-.Pq dollar
-.It \\(Po
-.Pq pound
-.It \\(Ye
-.Pq yen
-.It \\(Fn
-.Pq florin
-.It \\(ct
-.Pq cent
-.El
-.\" PARAGRAPH
-.Pp
-Special symbols:
-.Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact
-.It \\(de
-.Pq degree
-.It \\(ps
-.Pq paragraph
-.It \\(sc
-.Pq section
-.It \\(dg
-.Pq dagger
-.It \\(dd
-.Pq double dagger
-.It \\(ci
-.Pq circle
-.It \\(ba
-.Pq bar
-.It \\(bb
-.Pq broken bar
-.It \\(Ba
-.Pq bar, deprecated
-.It \\(co
-.Pq copyright
-.It \\(rg
-.Pq registered
-.It \\(tm
-.Pq trademarked
-.It \\&
-.Pq non-breaking space
-.It \\e
-.Pq escape
-.It \\(Am
-.Pq ampersand, deprecated
-.El
+Terms may also be text-decorated using the
+.Sq \ef
+escape followed by a text-decoration letter: B (bold), I, (italic), or P
+and R (Roman, or reset).
+.\" SUB-SECTION
+.Ss Whitespace
+Unless specifically escaped, consecutive blocks of whitespace are pruned
+from input. These are later re-added, if applicable, by a front-end
+utility such as
+.Xr mandoc 1 .
.\" SECTION
.Sh STRUCTURE
-Macros are case in-sensitive and one to three three characters in
-length. All follow the same structural rules:
-.Bd -literal -offset XXXX
-\&.Yo \(lBbody...\(rB
+Each
+.Nm
+document must contain contains at least the
+.Sq \&.TH
+macro describing the document's section and title. It may occur
+anywhere in the document, although conventionally, it appears as the
+first macro.
+.Pp
+Beyond the
+.Sq \&.TH ,
+at least one macro or text node must appear in the document.
+.\" SECTION
+.Sh SYNTAX
+Macros are one to three three characters in length and begin with a
+control character ,
+.Sq \&. ,
+at the beginning of the line. An arbitrary amount of whitespace may
+sit between the control character and the macro name. Thus,
+.Sq \&.PP
+and
+.Sq \&.\ \ \ \&PP
+are equivalent.
+.Pp
+All
+.Nm
+macros follow the same structural rules:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+\&.YO \(lBbody...\(rB
.Ed
.Pp
The
.Dq body
consists of zero or more arguments to the macro.
-.\" PARAGRAPH
+.Pp
+.Nm
+has a primitive notion of multi-line scope for the following macros:
+.Sq \&.TM ,
+.Sq \&.SM ,
+.Sq \&.SB ,
+.Sq \&.BI ,
+.Sq \&.IB ,
+.Sq \&.BR ,
+.Sq \&.RB ,
+.Sq \&.R ,
+.Sq \&.B ,
+.Sq \&.I ,
+.Sq \&.IR
+and
+.Sq \&.RI .
+When these macros are invoked without arguments, the subsequent line is
+considered a continuation of the macro. Thus:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+\&.RI
+foo
+.Ed
+.Pp
+is equivalent to
+.Sq \&.RI foo .
+If two consecutive lines exhibit the latter behaviour,
+an error is raised. Thus, the following is not acceptable:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+\&.RI
+\&.I
+Hello, world.
+.Ed
+.Pp
+The
+.Sq \&.TP
+macro is similar, but does not need an empty argument line to trigger
+the behaviour.
+.\" SECTION
.Sh MACROS
This section contains a complete list of all
.Nm
-macros, arranged alphabetically, with the number of arguments.
+macros and corresponding number of arguments.
.Pp
-.Bl -column "MacroX" "Arguments" -compact -offset XXXX
+.Bl -column "MacroX" "Arguments" -compact -offset indent
.It Em Macro Ta Em Arguments
-.It \&.TH Ta >0
-.It \&.SH Ta n
-.It \&.SS Ta n
+.It \&.TH Ta >1, <6
+.It \&.SH Ta >0
+.It \&.SS Ta >0
.It \&.TP Ta n
-.It \&.LP Ta n
-.It \&.PP Ta n
-.It \&.P Ta n
-.It \&.IP Ta n
-.It \&.HP Ta n
+.It \&.LP Ta 0
+.It \&.PP Ta 0
+.It \&.P Ta 0
+.It \&.IP Ta <3
+.It \&.HP Ta <2
.It \&.SM Ta n
.It \&.SB Ta n
.It \&.BI Ta n
.It \&.B Ta n
.It \&.I Ta n
.It \&.IR Ta n
+.It \&.RI Ta n
.El
+.Pp
+Although not historically part of the
+.Nm
+system, the following macros are also supported:
+.Pp
+.Bl -column "MacroX" "Arguments" -compact -offset indent
+.It Em Macro Ta Em Arguments
+.It \&.br Ta 0
+.It \&.i Ta n
+.El
+.Pp
+These follow the same calling conventions as the above
+.Nm
+macros.
+.\" SECTION
+.Sh COMPATIBILITY
+See
+.Xr mdoc 7
+for groff compatibility notes.
.\" SECTION
.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr mandoc 1
+.Xr mandoc 1 ,
+.Xr mandoc_char 7
.\" SECTION
.Sh AUTHORS
The
.Nm
utility was written by
-.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@openbsd.org .
+.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@kth.se .
.\" SECTION
.Sh CAVEATS
Do not use this language. Use
git.ckatri.com / mandoc.git / blobdiff