-.\" $Id: mdoc.7,v 1.232 2014/07/13 10:24:40 schwarze Exp $
+.\" $Id: mdoc.7,v 1.248 2015/01/03 00:59:13 schwarze Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
.\" Copyright (c) 2010, 2011, 2013 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
.\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: July 13 2014 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: January 3 2015 $
.Dt MDOC 7
.Os
.Sh NAME
References other manuals with related topics.
This section should exist for most manuals.
Cross-references should conventionally be ordered first by section, then
-alphabetically.
+alphabetically (ignoring case).
.Pp
References to other documentation concerning the topic of the manual page,
for example authoritative books or journal articles, may also be
.Ss Document preamble and NAME section macros
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description
.It Sx \&Dd Ta document date: Cm $\&Mdocdate$ | Ar month day , year
-.It Sx \&Dt Ta document title: Ar TITLE section Op Ar volume | arch
+.It Sx \&Dt Ta document title: Ar TITLE section Op Ar arch
.It Sx \&Os Ta operating system version: Op Ar system Op Ar version
.It Sx \&Nm Ta document name (one argument)
.It Sx \&Nd Ta document description (one line)
.Op Fl compact
.It Sx \&D1 Ta indented display (one line)
.It Sx \&Dl Ta indented literal display (one line)
+.It Sx \&Ql Ta in-line literal display: Ql text
.It Sx \&Bl , \&El Ta list block:
.Fl Ar type
.Op Fl width Ar val
.It Sx \&Pf Ta prefix, no following horizontal space (one argument)
.It Sx \&Ns Ta roman font, no preceding horizontal space (no arguments)
.It Sx \&Ap Ta apostrophe without surrounding whitespace (no arguments)
-.It Sx \&Sm Ta switch horizontal spacing mode: Cm on | off
+.It Sx \&Sm Ta switch horizontal spacing mode: Op Cm on | off
.It Sx \&Bk , \&Ek Ta keep block: Fl words
.It Sx \&br Ta force output line break in text mode (no arguments)
.It Sx \&sp Ta force vertical space: Op Ar height
.It Sx \&Dq , \&Do , \&Dc Ta enclose in typographic double quotes: Dq text
.It Sx \&Qq , \&Qo , \&Qc Ta enclose in typewriter double quotes: Qq text
.It Sx \&Sq , \&So , \&Sc Ta enclose in single quotes: Sq text
-.It Sx \&Ql Ta single-quoted literal text: Ql text
.It Sx \&Pq , \&Po , \&Pc Ta enclose in parentheses: Pq text
.It Sx \&Bq , \&Bo , \&Bc Ta enclose in square brackets: Bq text
.It Sx \&Brq , \&Bro , \&Brc Ta enclose in curly braces: Brq text
.Fl width
and
.Fl offset
-arguments accept scaling widths as described in
-.Xr roff 7
+arguments accept macro names as described for
+.Sx \&Bd
+.Fl offset ,
+scaling widths as described in
+.Xr roff 7 ,
or use the length of the given string.
The
.Fl offset
and
.Sx \&Dl .
.Ss \&Db
-Switch debugging mode.
-Its syntax is as follows:
-.Pp
-.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Db Cm on | off
-.Pp
-This macro is ignored by
-.Xr mandoc 1 .
+This macro is obsolete.
+No replacement is needed.
+It is ignored by
+.Xr mandoc 1
+and groff including its arguments.
+It was formerly used to toggle a debugging mode.
.Ss \&Dc
Close a
.Sx \&Do
block.
Does not have any tail arguments.
.Ss \&Dd
-Document date.
+Document date for display in the page footer.
This is the mandatory first macro of any
.Nm
manual.
.Dq $\&Mdocdate$
can be given as an argument.
.It
-A few alternative date formats are accepted as well
-and converted to the standard form.
+The traditional, purely numeric
+.Xr man 7
+format
+.Ar year Ns \(en Ns Ar month Ns \(en Ns Ar day
+is accepted, too.
.It
If a date string cannot be parsed, it is used verbatim.
.It
and
.Sx \&Os .
.Ss \&Dl
-One-line intended display.
+One-line indented display.
This is formatted as literal text and is useful for commands and
invocations.
It is followed by a newline.
.Dl \&.Dl % mandoc mdoc.7 \e(ba less
.Pp
See also
+.Sx \&Ql ,
.Sx \&Bd
+.Fl literal ,
and
.Sx \&D1 .
.Ss \&Do
and
.Sx \&Do .
.Ss \&Dt
-Document title.
+Document title for display in the page header.
This is the mandatory second macro of any
.Nm
file.
Its syntax is as follows:
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
.Pf \. Sx \&Dt
-.Oo
-.Ar title
-.Oo
+.Ar TITLE
.Ar section
-.Op Ar volume
.Op Ar arch
-.Oc
-.Oc
.Ed
.Pp
Its arguments are as follows:
-.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset Ds
-.It Ar title
+.Bl -tag -width section -offset 2n
+.It Ar TITLE
The document's title (name), defaulting to
-.Dq UNKNOWN
+.Dq UNTITLED
if unspecified.
-It should be capitalised.
+To achieve a uniform appearance of page header lines,
+it should by convention be all caps.
.It Ar section
The manual section.
This may be one of
.Cm 1
-.Pq utilities ,
+.Pq General Commands ,
.Cm 2
-.Pq system calls ,
+.Pq System Calls ,
.Cm 3
-.Pq libraries ,
+.Pq Library Functions ,
.Cm 3p
-.Pq Perl libraries ,
+.Pq Perl Library ,
.Cm 4
-.Pq devices ,
+.Pq Device Drivers ,
.Cm 5
-.Pq file formats ,
+.Pq File Formats ,
.Cm 6
-.Pq games ,
+.Pq Games ,
.Cm 7
-.Pq miscellaneous ,
+.Pq Miscellaneous Information ,
.Cm 8
-.Pq system utilities ,
-.Cm 9
-.Pq kernel functions ,
-.Cm X11
-.Pq X Window System ,
-.Cm X11R6
-.Pq X Window System ,
-.Cm unass
-.Pq unassociated ,
-.Cm local
-.Pq local system ,
-.Cm draft
-.Pq draft manual ,
+.Pq System Manager's Manual ,
or
-.Cm paper
-.Pq paper .
+.Cm 9
+.Pq Kernel Developer's Manual .
It should correspond to the manual's filename suffix and defaults to
-.Cm 1
-if unspecified.
-.It Ar volume
-This overrides the volume inferred from
-.Ar section .
-This field is optional, and if specified, must be one of
-.Cm USD
-.Pq users' supplementary documents ,
-.Cm PS1
-.Pq programmers' supplementary documents ,
-.Cm AMD
-.Pq administrators' supplementary documents ,
-.Cm SMM
-.Pq system managers' manuals ,
-.Cm URM
-.Pq users' reference manuals ,
-.Cm PRM
-.Pq programmers' reference manuals ,
-.Cm KM
-.Pq kernel manuals ,
-.Cm IND
-.Pq master index ,
-.Cm MMI
-.Pq master index ,
-.Cm LOCAL
-.Pq local manuals ,
-.Cm LOC
-.Pq local manuals ,
-or
-.Cm CON
-.Pq contributed manuals .
+the empty string if unspecified.
.It Ar arch
This specifies the machine architecture a manual page applies to,
where relevant, for example
.Cm i386 ,
or
.Cm sparc64 .
-The list of supported architectures varies by operating system.
-For the full list of all architectures recognized by
-.Xr mandoc 1 ,
-see the file
-.Pa arch.in
-in the source distribution.
+The list of valid architectures varies by operating system.
.El
.Pp
Examples:
.Dl \&.Dt FOO 1
-.Dl \&.Dt FOO 4 KM
.Dl \&.Dt FOO 9 i386
.Pp
See also
and
.Sx \&It .
.Ss \&Em
-Denotes text that should be
-.Em emphasised .
-Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for
-stylistically decorating technical terms.
-Depending on the output device, this is usually represented
-using an italic font or underlined characters.
+Request an italic font.
+If the output device does not provide that, underline.
+.Pp
+This is most often used for stress emphasis (not to be confused with
+importance, see
+.Sx \&Sy ) .
+In the rare cases where none of the semantic markup macros fit,
+it can also be used for technical terms and placeholders, except
+that for syntax elements,
+.Sx \&Sy
+and
+.Sx \&Ar
+are preferred, respectively.
.Pp
Examples:
-.Dl \&.Em Warnings!
-.Dl \&.Em Remarks :
+.Bd -literal -compact -offset indent
+Selected lines are those
+\&.Em not
+matching any of the specified patterns.
+Some of the functions use a
+\&.Em hold space
+to save the pattern space for subsequent retrieval.
+.Ed
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&Bf ,
See also
.Sx \&Rv .
.Ss \&Fa
-Function argument.
+Function argument or parameter.
Its syntax is as follows:
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
.Pf \. Sx \&Fa
See also
.Sx \&Oo .
.Ss \&Os
-Document operating system version.
+Operating system version for display in the page footer.
This is the mandatory third macro of
any
.Nm
The optional
.Ar system
parameter specifies the relevant operating system or environment.
-Left unspecified, it defaults to the local operating system version.
-This is the suggested form.
+It is suggested to leave it unspecified, in which case
+.Xr mandoc 1
+uses its
+.Fl Ios
+argument, or, if that isn't specified either,
+.Fa sysname
+and
+.Fa release
+as returned by
+.Xr uname 3 .
.Pp
Examples:
.Dl \&.Os
Close quoted context opened by
.Sx \&Qo .
.Ss \&Ql
-Format a single-quoted literal.
+In-line literal display.
+This can for example be used for complete command invocations and
+for multi-word code fragments when more specific markup is not
+appropriate and an indented display is not desired.
+While
+.Xr mandoc 1
+always encloses the arguments in single quotes, other formatters
+usually omit the quotes on non-terminal output devices when the
+arguments have three or more characters.
+.Pp
See also
-.Sx \&Qq
+.Sx \&Dl
and
-.Sx \&Sq .
+.Sx \&Bd
+.Fl literal .
.Ss \&Qo
Multi-line version of
.Sx \&Qq .
Switches the spacing mode for output generated from macros.
Its syntax is as follows:
.Pp
-.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Sm Cm on | off
+.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Sm Op Cm on | off
.Pp
By default, spacing is
.Cm on .
no white space is inserted between macro arguments and between the
output generated from adjacent macros, but text lines
still get normal spacing between words and sentences.
+.Pp
+When called without an argument, the
+.Sx \&Sm
+macro toggles the spacing mode.
+Using this is not recommended because it makes the code harder to read.
.Ss \&So
Multi-line version of
.Sx \&Sq .
.Pp
.It \-isoC-99
.St -isoC-99
-.It \-ansiC-99
-.St -ansiC-99
.br
The second major version of the C language standard.
.Pp
.It Single UNIX Specification version 1 and related standards
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000" -compact
+.It \-susv1
+.St -susv1
.It \-xpg4.2
.St -xpg4.2
.br
-This standard was published in 1994 and is also called SUSv1.
+This standard was published in 1994.
It was used as the basis for UNIX 95 certification.
The following three refer to parts of it.
.Pp
.br
Networking APIs, including sockets.
.Pp
-.It \-xpg4.3
-.St -xpg4.3
-.Pp
.It \-svid4
.St -svid4 ,
.br
.Pp
.It \-xns5
.St -xns5
-.It \-xns5.2d2.0
-.St -xns5.2d2.0
.It \-xns5.2
.St -xns5.2
-.Pp
-.It \-p1387.2
-.St -p1387.2
-.It \-p1387.2-95
-.St -p1387.2-95
-.br
-POSIX software administration.
.El
-.It Single UNIX Specification version 3 and related standards
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000X" -compact
-.It \-p1003.1d-99
-.St -p1003.1d-99
-.br
-Additional real-time extensions.
-.Pp
-.It \-p1003.1j-2000
-.St -p1003.1j-2000
-.br
-Advanced real-time extensions.
-.Pp
-.It \-p1003.1q-2000
-.St -p1003.1q-2000
-.br
-Amendment 7: Tracing [C Language].
+.It Single UNIX Specification version 3
.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1-2001" -compact
.It \-p1003.1-2001
.St -p1003.1-2001
.It \-susv3
.Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000" -compact
.It \-p1003.1-2008
.St -p1003.1-2008
+.It \-susv4
+.St -susv4
.br
-This standard is also called SUSv4 and
+This standard is also called
X/Open Portability Guide version 7.
.Pp
.It \-p1003.1-2013
and
.Sx \&Ss .
.Ss \&Sy
-Format enclosed arguments in symbolic
-.Pq Dq boldface .
-Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for
-stylistically decorating technical terms.
+Request a boldface font.
+.Pp
+This is most often used to indicate importance or seriousness (not to be
+confused with stress emphasis, see
+.Sx \&Em ) .
+When none of the semantic macros fit, it is also adequate for syntax
+elements that have to be given or that appear verbatim.
+.Pp
+Examples:
+.Bd -literal -compact -offset indent
+\&.Sy Warning :
+If
+\&.Sy s
+appears in the owner permissions, set-user-ID mode is set.
+This utility replaces the former
+\&.Sy dumpdir
+program.
+.Ed
.Pp
See also
.Sx \&Bf ,
Examples:
.Dl \&.Va foo
.Dl \&.Va const char *bar ;
+.Pp
+For function arguments and parameters, use
+.Sx \&Fa
+instead.
+For declarations of global variables in the
+.Em SYNOPSIS
+section, use
+.Sx \&Vt .
.Ss \&Vt
A variable type.
+.Pp
This is also used for indicating global variables in the
.Em SYNOPSIS
section, in which case a variable name is also specified.
and a blank line is inserted in front if there is a preceding
function definition or include directive.
.Pp
-Note that this should not be confused with
-.Sx \&Ft ,
-which is used for function return types.
-.Pp
Examples:
.Dl \&.Vt unsigned char
.Dl \&.Vt extern const char * const sys_signame[] \&;
.Pp
+For parameters in function prototypes, use
+.Sx \&Fa
+instead, for function return types
+.Sx \&Ft ,
+and for variable names outside the
+.Em SYNOPSIS
+section
+.Sx \&Va ,
+even when including a type with the name.
See also
-.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE
-and
-.Sx \&Va .
+.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE .
.Ss \&Xc
Close a scope opened by
.Sx \&Xo .
.It Sx \&Pf Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 1
.It Sx \&Pp Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0
.It Sx \&Rv Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n
-.It Sx \&Sm Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1
+.It Sx \&Sm Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta <2
.It Sx \&St Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta 1
.It Sx \&Sx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
.It Sx \&Sy Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
git.ckatri.com / mandoc.git / blobdiff