X-Git-Url: https://git.cameronkatri.com/mandoc.git/blobdiff_plain/060f8931727b8f4df33482e8d157392a16cf6c65..e4cc281e89faa96f71a5036732e5d2dd8b406f7f:/mdoc.7 diff --git a/mdoc.7 b/mdoc.7 index 3a58b271..2d62a604 100644 --- a/mdoc.7 +++ b/mdoc.7 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -.\" $Id: mdoc.7,v 1.76 2009/11/09 05:11:46 kristaps Exp $ +.\" $Id: mdoc.7,v 1.98 2010/05/08 22:26:39 kristaps Exp $ .\" -.\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@kth.se> +.\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv> .\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above @@ -14,16 +14,12 @@ .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. .\" -.Dd $Mdocdate: November 9 2009 $ +.Dd $Mdocdate: May 8 2010 $ .Dt MDOC 7 .Os -. -. .Sh NAME .Nm mdoc .Nd mdoc language reference -. -. .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm mdoc @@ -31,13 +27,9 @@ language is used to format .Bx .Ux manuals. In this reference document, we describe its syntax, structure, -and usage. Our reference implementation is -.Xr mandoc 1 . -The +and usage. Our reference implementation is mandoc; the .Sx COMPATIBILITY -section describes compatibility with -.Xr groff 1 . -. +section describes compatibility with other troff \-mdoc implementations. .Pp An .Nm @@ -50,8 +42,6 @@ prior macros: \&.Sh Macro lines change control state. Other lines are interpreted within the current state. .Ed -. -. .Sh LANGUAGE SYNTAX .Nm documents may contain only graphable 7-bit ASCII characters, the space @@ -59,8 +49,6 @@ character, and, in certain circumstances, the tab character. All manuals must have .Ux line terminators. -. -. .Ss Comments Text following a .Sq \e" , @@ -69,8 +57,6 @@ line. A macro line with only a control character and comment escape, .Sq \&.\e" , is also ignored. Macro lines with only a control charater and optionally whitespace are stripped from input. -. -. .Ss Reserved Characters Within a macro line, the following characters are reserved: .Pp @@ -98,7 +84,6 @@ Within a macro line, the following characters are reserved: .It \&| .Pq vertical bar .El -. .Pp Use of reserved characters is described in .Sx MACRO SYNTAX . @@ -106,8 +91,6 @@ For general use in macro lines, these characters must either be escaped with a non-breaking space .Pq Sq \e& or, if applicable, an appropriate escape sequence used. -. -. .Ss Special Characters Special characters may occur in both macro and free-form lines. Sequences begin with the escape character @@ -126,18 +109,26 @@ for a complete list. Examples include and .Sq \ee .Pq back-slash . -. -. .Ss Text Decoration Terms may be text-decorated using the .Sq \ef escape followed by an indicator: B (bold), I, (italic), R (Roman), or P -(revert to previous mode): +(revert to previous mode): .Pp .D1 \efBbold\efR \efIitalic\efP .Pp A numerical representation 3, 2, or 1 (bold, italic, and Roman, -respectively) may be used instead. +respectively) may be used instead. A text decoration is valid within +the current font scope only: if a macro opens a font scope alongside +its own scope, such as +.Sx \&Bf +.Cm \&Sy , +in-scope invocations of +.Sq \ef +are only valid within the font scope of the macro. If +.Sq \ef +is specified outside of any font scope, such as in unenclosed, free-form +text, it will affect the remainder of the document. .Pp Text may also be sized with the .Sq \es @@ -160,19 +151,17 @@ for arbitrary-digit numerals: .D1 \es+(10much bigger\es-(10 .D1 \es+'100'much much bigger\es-'100' .Pp -Note these forms are +Note these forms are .Em not -recommended for +recommended for .Nm , which encourages semantic annotation. -. -. .Ss Predefined Strings -Historically, +Historically, .Xr groff 1 -also defined a set of package-specific +also defined a set of package-specific .Dq predefined strings , -which, like +which, like .Sx Special Characters , demark special output characters and strings by way of input codes. Predefined strings are escaped with the slash-asterisk, @@ -191,37 +180,21 @@ for a complete list. Examples include and .Sq \e*(Ba .Pq vertical bar . -. -. .Ss Whitespace -In non-literal free-form lines, consecutive blocks of whitespace are -pruned from input and added later in the output filter, if applicable: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -These spaces are pruned from input. -\&.Bd \-literal -These are not. -\&.Ed -.Ed -. +Whitespace consists of the space character. +In free-form lines, whitespace is preserved within a line; un-escaped +trailing spaces are stripped from input (unless in a literal context). +Blank free-form lines, which may include whitespace, are only permitted +within literal contexts. .Pp In macro lines, whitespace delimits arguments and is discarded. If arguments are quoted, whitespace within the quotes is retained. -. -.Pp -Blank lines are only permitted within literal contexts, as are lines -containing only whitespace. Tab characters are only acceptable when -delimiting -.Sq \&Bl \-column -or when in a literal context. -. -. .Ss Quotation Macro arguments may be quoted with a double-quote to group space-delimited terms or to retain blocks of whitespace. A quoted argument begins with a double-quote preceded by whitespace. The next double-quote not pair-wise adjacent to another double-quote terminates the literal, regardless of surrounding whitespace. -. .Pp This produces tokens .Sq a" , @@ -235,10 +208,8 @@ considered literal text. Thus, the following produces .Bd -literal -offset indent \&.Em "Em a" .Ed -. .Pp In free-form mode, quotes are regarded as opaque text. -. .Ss Dates There are several macros in .Nm @@ -265,14 +236,12 @@ Some examples of valid dates follow: .D1 "May, 2009" Pq reduced form .D1 "2009" Pq reduced form .D1 "May 20, 2009" Pq canonical form -. .Ss Scaling Widths Many macros support scaled widths for their arguments, such as stipulating a two-inch list indentation with the following: .Bd -literal -offset indent \&.Bl -tag -width 2i .Ed -. .Pp The syntax for scaled widths is .Sq Li [+-]?[0-9]*.[0-9]*[:unit:] , @@ -318,8 +287,6 @@ or .Sq v is necessarily non-portable across output media. See .Sx COMPATIBILITY . -. -. .Sh MANUAL STRUCTURE A well-formed .Nm @@ -333,7 +300,7 @@ and .Sx \&Os macros, is required for every document. .Pp -The first section (sections are denoted by +The first section (sections are denoted by .Sx \&Sh ) must be the NAME section, consisting of at least one .Sx \&Nm @@ -409,7 +376,11 @@ The macro(s) must precede the .Sx \&Nd macro. -. +.Pp +See +.Sx \&Nm +and +.Sx \&Nd . .It Em LIBRARY The name of the library containing the documented material, which is assumed to be a function in a section 2 or 3 manual. The syntax for @@ -419,12 +390,10 @@ this is as follows: .Ed .Pp See -.Sx \&Lb -for details. -. +.Sx \&Lb . .It Em SYNOPSIS Documents the utility invocation syntax, function call syntax, or device -configuration. +configuration. .Pp For the first, utilities (sections 1, 6, and 8), this is generally structured as follows: @@ -455,11 +424,18 @@ And for the third, configurations (section 4): \&.Cd \*qit* at isa? port 0x4e\*q .Ed .Pp -Manuals not in these sections generally don't need a +Manuals not in these sections generally don't need a .Em SYNOPSIS . -. +.Pp +See +.Sx \&Op , +.Sx \&Cd , +.Sx \&Fn , +.Sx \&Ft , +and +.Sx \&Vt . .It Em DESCRIPTION -This expands upon the brief, one-line description in +This expands upon the brief, one-line description in .Em NAME . It usually contains a break-down of the options (if documenting a command), such as: @@ -470,13 +446,12 @@ The arguments are as follows: Print verbose information. \&.El .Ed +.Pp Manuals not documenting a command won't include the above fragment. -. .It Em IMPLEMENTATION NOTES Implementation-specific notes should be kept here. This is useful when implementing standard functions that may have side effects or notable algorithmic implications. -. .It Em EXIT STATUS Command exit status for section 1, 6, and 8 manuals. This section is the dual of @@ -488,7 +463,6 @@ a practise that is now discouraged. .Pp See .Sx \&Ex . -. .It Em RETURN VALUES This section is the dual of .Em EXIT STATUS , @@ -497,26 +471,22 @@ in sections 2, 3, and 9. .Pp See .Sx \&Rv . -. .It Em ENVIRONMENT Documents any usages of environment variables, e.g., .Xr environ 7 . .Pp See .Sx \&Ev . -. .It Em FILES Documents files used. It's helpful to document both the file and a short description of how the file is used (created, modified, etc.). .Pp See .Sx \&Pa . -. .It Em EXAMPLES Example usages. This often contains snippets of well-formed, well-tested invocations. Make doubly sure that your examples work properly! -. .It Em DIAGNOSTICS Documents error conditions. This is most useful in section 4 manuals. Historically, this section was used in place of @@ -525,14 +495,13 @@ for manuals in sections 1, 6, and 8; however, this practise is discouraged. .Pp See -.Sx \&Bl No \-diag . -. +.Sx \&Bl +.Fl diag . .It Em ERRORS Documents error handling in sections 2, 3, and 9. .Pp See .Sx \&Er . -. .It Em SEE ALSO References other manuals with related topics. This section should exist for most manuals. Cross-references should conventionally be ordered @@ -540,7 +509,6 @@ first by section, then alphabetically. .Pp See .Sx \&Xr . -. .It Em STANDARDS References any standards implemented or used. If not adhering to any standards, the @@ -549,32 +517,24 @@ section should be used instead. .Pp See .Sx \&St . -. .It Em HISTORY The history of any manual without a .Em STANDARDS section should be described in this section. -. .It Em AUTHORS Credits to authors, if applicable, should appear in this section. Authors should generally be noted by both name and an e-mail address. .Pp See .Sx \&An . -. .It Em CAVEATS Explanations of common misuses and misunderstandings should be explained in this section. -. .It Em BUGS Extant bugs should be described in this section. -. .It Em SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS Documents any security precautions that operators should consider. -. .El -. -. .Sh MACRO SYNTAX Macros are one to three three characters in length and begin with a control character , @@ -586,7 +546,6 @@ following are equivalent: \&.Pp \&.\ \ \ \&Pp .Ed -. .Pp The syntax of a macro depends on its classification. In this section, .Sq \-arg @@ -597,7 +556,6 @@ parameters; opens the scope of a macro; and if specified, .Sq \&Yc closes it out. -. .Pp The .Em Callable @@ -607,20 +565,16 @@ initial line macro is interpreted as opaque text, such that .Sq \&.Fl \&Sh produces .Sq Fl \&Sh . -. .Pp The .Em Parsable column indicates whether the macro may be followed by further (ostensibly callable) macros. If a macro is not parsable, subsequent macro invocations on the line will be interpreted as opaque text. -. .Pp The .Em Scope column, if applicable, describes closure rules. -. -. .Ss Block full-explicit Multi-line scope closed by an explicit closing macro. All macros contains bodies; only @@ -631,7 +585,6 @@ contains a head. \(lBbody...\(rB \&.Yc .Ed -. .Pp .Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "closed by XXX" .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope @@ -644,8 +597,6 @@ contains a head. .It Sx \&Ek Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Bk .It Sx \&El Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Bl .El -. -. .Ss Block full-implicit Multi-line scope closed by end-of-file or implicitly by another macro. All macros have bodies; some @@ -659,13 +610,12 @@ All macros have bodies; some don't have heads; only one .Po .Sx \&It Fl column -.Pc +.Pc has multiple heads. .Bd -literal -offset indent \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead... \(lBTa head...\(rB\(rB \(lBbody...\(rB .Ed -. .Pp .Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "closed by XXXXXXXXXXX" .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope @@ -674,8 +624,6 @@ has multiple heads. .It Sx \&Sh Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh .It Sx \&Ss Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss .El -. -. .Ss Block partial-explicit Like block full-explicit, but also with single-line scope. Each has at least a body and, in limited circumstances, a head @@ -693,7 +641,6 @@ and/or tail \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead...\(rB \ \(lBbody...\(rB \&Yc \(lBtail...\(rB .Ed -. .Pp .Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "closed by XXXX" -compact -offset indent .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope @@ -722,8 +669,6 @@ and/or tail .It Sx \&Xc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Xo .It Sx \&Xo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Xc .El -. -. .Ss Block partial-implicit Like block full-implicit, but with single-line scope closed by .Sx Reserved Characters @@ -731,7 +676,6 @@ or end of line. .Bd -literal -offset indent \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBbody...\(rB \(lBres...\(rB .Ed -. .Pp .Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" -compact -offset indent .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable @@ -746,9 +690,16 @@ or end of line. .It Sx \&Ql Ta Yes Ta Yes .It Sx \&Qq Ta Yes Ta Yes .It Sx \&Sq Ta Yes Ta Yes +.It Sx \&Vt Ta Yes Ta Yes .El -. -. +.Pp +Note that the +.Sx \&Vt +macro is a +.Sx Block partial-implicit +only when invoked as the first macro +in a SYNOPSIS section line, else it is +.Sx In-line . .Ss In-line Closed by .Sx Reserved Characters , @@ -764,7 +715,6 @@ then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of arguments. \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB arg0 arg1 argN .Ed -. .Pp .Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "Arguments" -compact -offset indent .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Arguments @@ -827,7 +777,7 @@ then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of arguments. .It Sx \&Ot Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n .It Sx \&Ox Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n .It Sx \&Pa Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n -.It Sx \&Pf Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta 1 +.It Sx \&Pf Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 1 .It Sx \&Pp Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 .It Sx \&Rv Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n .It Sx \&Sm Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1 @@ -839,17 +789,14 @@ then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of arguments. .It Sx \&Ux Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n .It Sx \&Va Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n .It Sx \&Vt Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 -.It Sx \&Xr Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0, <3 +.It Sx \&Xr Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 .It Sx \&br Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 .It Sx \&sp Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1 -.El -. -. +.El .Sh REFERENCE This section is a canonical reference of all macros, arranged alphabetically. For the scoping of individual macros, see .Sx MACRO SYNTAX . -. .Ss \&%A Author name of an .Sx \&Rs @@ -857,13 +804,11 @@ block. Multiple authors should each be accorded their own .Sx \%%A line. Author names should be ordered with full or abbreviated forename(s) first, then full surname. -. .Ss \&%B Book title of an .Sx \&Rs block. This macro may also be used in a non-bibliographic context when referring to book titles. -. .Ss \&%C Publication city or location of an .Sx \&Rs @@ -872,80 +817,64 @@ block. .Em Remarks : this macro is not implemented in .Xr groff 1 . -. .Ss \&%D Publication date of an .Sx \&Rs block. This should follow the reduced or canonical form syntax described in .Sx Dates . -. .Ss \&%I Publisher or issuer name of an .Sx \&Rs block. -. .Ss \&%J Journal name of an .Sx \&Rs block. -. .Ss \&%N Issue number (usually for journals) of an .Sx \&Rs block. -. .Ss \&%O Optional information of an .Sx \&Rs block. -. .Ss \&%P Book or journal page number of an .Sx \&Rs block. -. .Ss \&%Q Institutional author (school, government, etc.) of an .Sx \&Rs block. Multiple institutional authors should each be accorded their own .Sx \&%Q line. -. .Ss \&%R Technical report name of an .Sx \&Rs block. -. .Ss \&%T Article title of an .Sx \&Rs block. This macro may also be used in a non-bibliographical context when referring to article titles. -. .Ss \&%U URI of reference document. -. .Ss \&%V Volume number of an .Sx \&Rs block. -. .Ss \&Ac Closes an .Sx \&Ao block. Does not have any tail arguments. -. .Ss \&Ad Address construct: usually in the context of an computational address in memory, not a physical (post) address. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Ad [0,$] -\&.Ad 0x00000000 -.Ed -. +.D1 \&.Ad [0,$] +.D1 \&.Ad 0x00000000 .Ss \&An Author name. This macro may alternatively accepts the following arguments, although these may not be specified along with a parameter: @@ -965,11 +894,8 @@ will cause the first listing also to be split. If not in the AUTHORS section, the default is not to split. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.An -nosplit -\&.An J. E. Hopcraft , -\&.An J. D. Ullman . -.Ed +.D1 \&.An -nosplit +.D1 \&.An J. D. Ullman . .Pp .Em Remarks : the effects of @@ -980,19 +906,15 @@ are re-set when entering the AUTHORS section, so if one specifies .Sx \&An Fl nosplit in the general document body, it must be re-specified in the AUTHORS section. -. .Ss \&Ao Begins a block enclosed by angled brackets. Does not have any head arguments. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Fl -key= Ns Ao Ar val Ac -.Ed +.D1 \&.Fl -key= \&Ns \&Ao \&Ar val \&Ac .Pp See also .Sx \&Aq . -. .Ss \&Ap Inserts an apostrophe without any surrounding white-space. This is generally used as a grammatic device when referring to the verb form of @@ -1000,14 +922,11 @@ a function: .Bd -literal -offset indent \&.Fn execve Ap d .Ed -. .Ss \&Aq -Encloses its arguments in angled brackets. +Encloses its arguments in angled brackets. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Fl -key= Ns Aq Ar val -.Ed +.D1 \&.Fl -key= \&Ns \&Aq \&Ar val .Pp .Em Remarks : this macro is often abused for rendering URIs, which should instead use @@ -1021,19 +940,15 @@ statements, which should use .Pp See also .Sx \&Ao . -. .Ss \&Ar Command arguments. If an argument is not provided, the string .Dq file ... is used as a default. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Fl o Ns Ar file1 -\&.Ar -\&.Ar arg1 , arg2 . -.Ed -. +.D1 \&.Fl o \&Ns \&Ar file1 +.D1 \&.Ar +.D1 \&.Ar arg1 , arg2 . .Ss \&At Formats an AT&T version. Accepts at most one parameter: .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset indent @@ -1048,10 +963,8 @@ A system version of Note that these parameters do not begin with a hyphen. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.At -\&.At V.1 -.Ed +.D1 \&.At +.D1 \&.At V.1 .Pp See also .Sx \&Bsx , @@ -1062,12 +975,10 @@ See also .Sx \&Ox , and .Sx \&Ux . -. .Ss \&Bc Closes a .Sx \&Bo block. Does not have any tail arguments. -. .Ss \&Bd Begins a display block. A display is collection of macros or text which may be collectively offset or justified in a manner different from that @@ -1146,11 +1057,63 @@ See also .Sx \&D1 and .Sx \&Dl . -. .Ss \&Bf .Ss \&Bk .Ss \&Bl -. +.\" Begins a list composed of one or more list entries. A list entry is +.\" specified by the +.\" .Sx \&It +.\" macro, which consists of a head and optional body. By default, a list +.\" is preceded by a blank line. A list must specify one of the following +.\" list types: +.\" .Bl -tag -width 12n +.\" .It Fl bullet +.\" A list offset by a bullet. The head of list entries must be empty. +.\" List entry bodies are justified after the bullet. +.\" .It Fl column +.\" A columnated list. The number of columns is specified as arguments to +.\" the +.\" .Sx \&Bl +.\" macro (the deprecated form of following the invocation of +.\" .Fl column +.\" is also accepted). Arguments dictate the width of columns specified in +.\" list entries. List entry bodies must be left empty. Columns specified +.\" in the list entry head are justified to their position in the sequence +.\" of columns. +.\" .It Fl dash +.\" A list offset by a dash (hyphen). The head of list entries must be +.\" empty. List entry bodies are justified past the dash. +.\" .It Fl diag +.\" Like +.\" .Fl inset +.\" lists, but with additional formatting to the head. +.\" .It Fl enum +.\" A list offset by a number indicating list entry position. The head of +.\" list entries must be empty. List entry bodies are justified past the +.\" enumeration. +.\" .It Fl hang +.\" Like +.\" .Fl tag , +.\" but instead of list bodies justifying to the head on the first line, +.\" they trail the head text. +.\" .It Fl hyphen +.\" Synonym for +.\" .Fl dash . +.\" .It Fl inset +.\" Like +.\" .Fl tag , +.\" but list entry bodies aren't justified. +.\" .It Fl item +.\" An un-justified list. This produces blocks of text. +.\" .It Fl ohang +.\" List bodies are placed on the line following the head. +.\" .It Fl tag +.\" A list offset by list entry heads. List entry bodies are justified +.\" after the head. +.\" .El +.\" .Pp +.\" More... +.\" . .Ss \&Bo Begins a block enclosed by square brackets. Does not have any head arguments. @@ -1158,19 +1121,16 @@ arguments. Examples: .Bd -literal -offset indent \&.Bo 1 , -\&.Dv BUFSIZ Bc +\&.Dv BUFSIZ \&Bc .Ed .Pp See also .Sx \&Bq . -. .Ss \&Bq -Encloses its arguments in square brackets. +Encloses its arguments in square brackets. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Bq 1 , Dv BUFSIZ -.Ed +.D1 \&.Bq 1 , \&Dv BUFSIZ .Pp .Em Remarks : this macro is sometimes abused to emulate optional arguments for @@ -1182,12 +1142,10 @@ and .Pp See also .Sx \&Bo . -. .Ss \&Brc Closes a .Sx \&Bro block. Does not have any tail arguments. -. .Ss \&Bro Begins a block enclosed by curly braces. Does not have any head arguments. @@ -1195,32 +1153,26 @@ arguments. Examples: .Bd -literal -offset indent \&.Bro 1 , ... , -\&.Va n Brc +\&.Va n \&Brc .Ed .Pp See also .Sx \&Brq . -. .Ss \&Brq Encloses its arguments in curly braces. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Brq 1 , ... , Va n -.Ed +.D1 \&.Brq 1 , ... , \&Va n .Pp See also .Sx \&Bro . -. .Ss \&Bsx Format the BSD/OS version provided as an argument, or a default value if no argument is provided. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Bsx 1.0 -\&.Bsx -.Ed +.D1 \&.Bsx 1.0 +.D1 \&.Bsx .Pp See also .Sx \&At , @@ -1231,20 +1183,16 @@ See also .Sx \&Ox , and .Sx \&Ux . -. .Ss \&Bt Prints .Dq is currently in beta test. -. .Ss \&Bx Format the BSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if no argument is provided. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Bx 4.4 -\&.Bx -.Ed +.D1 \&.Bx 4.4 +.D1 \&.Bx .Pp See also .Sx \&At , @@ -1255,56 +1203,44 @@ See also .Sx \&Ox , and .Sx \&Ux . -. .Ss \&Cd -Configuration declaration (suggested for use only in section four -manuals). This denotes strings accepted by +Configuration declaration. This denotes strings accepted by .Xr config 8 . .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Cd device le0 at scode? -.Ed +.D1 \&.Cd device le0 at scode? .Pp .Em Remarks : this macro is commonly abused by using quoted literals to retain white-space and align consecutive .Sx \&Cd declarations. This practise is discouraged. -. .Ss \&Cm Command modifiers. Useful when specifying configuration options or keys. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Cm ControlPath -\&.Cm ControlMaster -.Ed +.D1 \&.Cm ControlPath +.D1 \&.Cm ControlMaster .Pp See also .Sx \&Fl . -. .Ss \&D1 One-line indented display. This is formatted by the default rules and is useful for simple indented statements. It is followed by a newline. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.D1 Fl abcdefgh -.Ed +.D1 \&.D1 \&Fl abcdefgh .Pp See also .Sx \&Bd and .Sx \&Dl . -. .Ss \&Db .Ss \&Dc Closes a .Sx \&Do block. Does not have any tail arguments. -. .Ss \&Dd Document date. This is the mandatory first macro of any .Nm @@ -1312,7 +1248,7 @@ manual. Its calling syntax is as follows: .Pp .D1 \. Ns Sx \&Dd Cm date .Pp -The +The .Cm date field may be either .Ar $\&Mdocdate$ , @@ -1323,55 +1259,45 @@ or instead a valid canonical date as specified by If a date does not conform, the current date is used instead. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Dd $\&Mdocdate$ -\&.Dd $\&Mdocdate: July 21 2007$ -\&.Dd July 21, 2007 -.Ed +.D1 \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate$ +.D1 \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate: July 21 2007$ +.D1 \&.Dd July 21, 2007 .Pp See also .Sx \&Dt and .Sx \&Os . -. .Ss \&Dl One-line intended display. This is formatted as literal text and is useful for commands and invocations. It is followed by a newline. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Dl % mandoc mdoc.7 | less -.Ed +.D1 \&.Dl % mandoc mdoc.7 | less .Pp See also .Sx \&Bd and .Sx \&D1 . -. .Ss \&Do Begins a block enclosed by double quotes. Does not have any head arguments. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.D1 Do April is the cruellest month Dc \e(em T.S. Eliot -.Ed +.D1 \&.D1 \&Do April is the cruellest month \&Dc \e(em T.S. Eliot .Pp See also .Sx \&Dq . -. .Ss \&Dq -Encloses its arguments in double quotes. +Encloses its arguments in double quotes. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent +.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact \&.Dq April is the cruellest month \e(em T.S. Eliot .Ed .Pp See also .Sx \&Do . -. .Ss \&Dt Document title. This is the mandatory second macro of any .Nm @@ -1467,6 +1393,7 @@ subsequent that. It, too, is optional. It must be one of .Ar hppa64 , .Ar i386 , .Ar landisk , +.Ar loongson , .Ar luna88k , .Ar mac68k , .Ar macppc , @@ -1485,39 +1412,31 @@ or .El .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Dt FOO 1 -\&.Dt FOO 4 KM -\&.Dt FOO 9 i386 -\&.Dt FOO 9 KM i386 -.Ed +.D1 \&.Dt FOO 1 +.D1 \&.Dt FOO 4 KM +.D1 \&.Dt FOO 9 i386 +.D1 \&.Dt FOO 9 KM i386 .Pp See also .Sx \&Dd and .Sx \&Os . -. .Ss \&Dv Defined variables such as preprocessor constants. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Dv BUFSIZ -\&.Dv STDOUT_FILENO -.Ed +.D1 \&.Dv BUFSIZ +.D1 \&.Dv STDOUT_FILENO .Pp See also .Sx \&Er . -. .Ss \&Dx Format the DragonFly BSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if no argument is provided. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Dx 2.4.1 -\&.Dx -.Ed +.D1 \&.Dx 2.4.1 +.D1 \&.Dx .Pp See also .Sx \&At , @@ -1528,7 +1447,6 @@ See also .Sx \&Ox , and .Sx \&Ux . -. .Ss \&Ec .Ss \&Ed .Ss \&Ef @@ -1540,37 +1458,27 @@ presentation term and should not be used for stylistically decorating technical terms. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Ed Warnings! -\&.Ed Remarks : -.Ed -. +.D1 \&.Em Warnings! +.D1 \&.Em Remarks : .Ss \&En .Ss \&Eo .Ss \&Er -Error constants (suggested for use only in section two manuals). +Display error constants. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Er EPERM -\&.Er ENOENT -.Ed +.D1 \&.Er EPERM +.D1 \&.Er ENOENT .Pp See also .Sx \&Dv . -. .Ss \&Es -. .Ss \&Ev Environmental variables such as those specified in .Xr environ 7 . .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Ev DISPLAY -\&.Ev PATH -.Ed -. +.D1 \&.Ev DISPLAY +.D1 \&.Ev PATH .Ss \&Ex Inserts text regarding a utility's exit values. This macro must have first the @@ -1586,6 +1494,21 @@ is provided. .Ss \&Fc .Ss \&Fd .Ss \&Fl +Command-line flag. Used when listing arguments to command-line +utilities. Prints a fixed-width hyphen +.Sq \- +directly followed by each argument. If no arguments are provided, a hyphen is +printed followed by a space. If the argument is a macro, a hyphen is +prefixed to the subsequent macro output. +.Pp +Examples: +.D1 \&.Fl a b c +.D1 \&.Fl \&Pf a b +.D1 \&.Fl +.D1 \&.Op \&Fl o \&Ns \&Ar file +.Pp +See also +.Sx \&Cm . .Ss \&Fn .Ss \&Fo .Ss \&Fr @@ -1595,10 +1518,8 @@ Format the FreeBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if no argument is provided. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Fx 7.1 -\&.Fx -.Ed +.D1 \&.Fx 7.1 +.D1 \&.Fx .Pp See also .Sx \&At , @@ -1609,7 +1530,6 @@ See also .Sx \&Ox , and .Sx \&Ux . -. .Ss \&Hf .Ss \&Ic .Ss \&In @@ -1622,14 +1542,11 @@ Format a hyperlink. The calling syntax is as follows: .D1 \. Ns Sx \&Lk Cm uri Op Cm name .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Lk http://bsd.lv "The BSD.lv Project" -\&.Lk http://bsd.lv -.Ed +.D1 \&.Lk http://bsd.lv "The BSD.lv Project" +.D1 \&.Lk http://bsd.lv .Pp See also .Sx \&Mt . -. .Ss \&Lp .Ss \&Ms .Ss \&Mt @@ -1642,10 +1559,8 @@ Format the NetBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if no argument is provided. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Nx 5.01 -\&.Nx -.Ed +.D1 \&.Nx 5.01 +.D1 \&.Nx .Pp See also .Sx \&At , @@ -1656,7 +1571,6 @@ See also .Sx \&Ox , and .Sx \&Ux . -. .Ss \&Oc .Ss \&Oo .Ss \&Op @@ -1675,32 +1589,26 @@ unspecified, it defaults to the local operating system version. This is the suggested form. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Os -\&.Os KTH/CSC/TCS -\&.Os BSD 4.3 -.Ed +.D1 \&.Os +.D1 \&.Os KTH/CSC/TCS +.D1 \&.Os BSD 4.3 .Pp See also .Sx \&Dd and .Sx \&Dt . -. .Ss \&Ot Unknown usage. .Pp .Em Remarks : this macro has been deprecated. -. .Ss \&Ox Format the OpenBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if no argument is provided. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Ox 4.5 -\&.Ox -.Ed +.D1 \&.Ox 4.5 +.D1 \&.Ox .Pp See also .Sx \&At , @@ -1711,7 +1619,6 @@ See also .Sx \&Nx , and .Sx \&Ux . -. .Ss \&Pa .Ss \&Pc .Ss \&Pf @@ -1722,12 +1629,10 @@ and .Ss \&Ql .Ss \&Qo .Ss \&Qq -. .Ss \&Re Closes a .Sx \&Rs block. Does not have any tail arguments. -. .Ss \&Rs Begins a bibliographic .Pq Dq reference @@ -1750,7 +1655,7 @@ and child macros (at least one must be specified). .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent +.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact \&.Rs \&.%A J. E. Hopcroft \&.%A J. D. Ullman @@ -1766,7 +1671,6 @@ If an block is used within a SEE ALSO section, a vertical space is asserted before the rendered output, else the block continues on the current line. -. .Ss \&Rv .Ss \&Sc .Ss \&Sh @@ -1783,9 +1687,7 @@ line. Format the UNIX name. Accepts no argument. .Pp Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Ux -.Ed +.D1 \&.Ux .Pp See also .Sx \&At , @@ -1796,50 +1698,115 @@ See also .Sx \&Nx , and .Sx \&Ox . -. .Ss \&Va .Ss \&Vt +A variable type. This is also used for indicating global variables in the +SYNOPSIS section, in which case a variable name is also specified. Note that +it accepts +.Sx Block partial-implicit +syntax when invoked as the first macro in the SYNOPSIS section, else it +accepts ordinary +.Sx In-line +syntax. +.Pp +Note that this should not be confused with +.Sx \&Ft , +which is used for function return types. +.Pp +Examples: +.D1 \&.Vt unsigned char +.D1 \&.Vt extern const char * const sys_signame[] ; +.Pp +See also +.Sx \&Ft +and +.Sx \&Va . .Ss \&Xc +Close a scope opened by +.Sx \&Xo . .Ss \&Xo +Open an extension scope. This macro originally existed to extend the +9-argument limit of troff; since this limit has been lifted, the macro +has been deprecated. .Ss \&Xr +Link to another manual +.Pq Qq cross-reference . +Its calling syntax is +.Pp +.D1 \. Ns Sx \&Xr Cm name section +.Pp +The +.Cm name +and +.Cm section +are the name and section of the linked manual. If +.Cm section +is followed by non-punctuation, an +.Sx \&Ns +is inserted into the token stream. This behaviour is for compatibility +with +.Xr groff 1 . +.Pp +Examples: +.D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 +.D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 ; +.D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&Ns s behaviour .Ss \&br .Ss \&sp -. -. .Sh COMPATIBILITY -This section documents compatibility with other roff implementations, at -this time limited to -.Xr groff 1 . +This section documents compatibility between mandoc and other other +troff implementations, at this time limited to GNU troff +.Pq Qq groff . The term .Qq historic groff -refers to those versions before the +refers to groff versions before the .Pa doc.tmac file re-write .Pq somewhere between 1.15 and 1.19 . -. +.Pp +Heirloom troff, the other significant troff implementation accepting +\-mdoc, is similar to historic groff. .Pp .Bl -dash -compact .It -Negative scaling units are now truncated to zero instead of creating -interesting conditions, such as with -.Sq \&sp -1i . -Furthermore, the +The comment syntax +.Sq \e." +is no longer accepted. +.It +In groff, the +.Sx \&Pa +macro does not format its arguments when used in the FILES section under +certain list types. mandoc does. +.It +Historic groff does not print a dash for empty +.Sx \&Fl +arguments. mandoc and newer groff implementations do. +.It +groff behaves irregularly when specifying +.Sq \ef +.Sx Text Decoration +within line-macro scopes. mandoc follows a consistent system. +.It +In mandoc, negative scaling units are truncated to zero; groff would +move to prior lines. Furthermore, the .Sq f scaling unit, while accepted, is rendered as the default unit. .It In quoted literals, groff allowed pair-wise double-quotes to produce a standalone double-quote in formatted output. This idiosyncratic -behaviour is no longer applicable. +behaviour is not applicable in mandoc. .It Display types -.Sx \&Bd Fl center +.Sx \&Bd +.Fl center and .Fl right are aliases for -.Fl left . -The +.Fl left +in manodc. Furthermore, the .Fl file Ar file -argument is ignored. Since text is not right-justified, +argument is ignored. Lastly, since text is not right-justified in +mandoc (or even groff), .Fl ragged and .Fl filled @@ -1848,19 +1815,14 @@ are aliases, as are and .Fl unfilled . .It -Blocks of whitespace are stripped from both macro and free-form text -lines (except when in literal mode), while groff would retain whitespace -in free-form text lines. -.It Historic groff has many un-callable macros. Most of these (excluding -some block-level macros) are now callable, conforming to the -non-historic groff version. +some block-level macros) are now callable. .It The vertical bar .Sq \(ba made historic groff .Qq go orbital -but is a proper delimiter in this implementation. +but has been a proper delimiter since then. .It .Sx \&It Fl nested is assumed for all lists (it wasn't in historic groff): any list may be @@ -1871,24 +1833,29 @@ lists will restart the sequence only for the sub-list. Some manuals use .Sx \&Li incorrectly by following it with a reserved character and expecting the -delimiter to render. This is not supported. +delimiter to render. This is not supported in mandoc. .It In groff, the .Sx \&Fo -macro only produces the first parameter. This is no longer the case. +macro only produces the first parameter. This is not the case in +mandoc. +.It +In groff, the +.Sx \&Cd , +.Sx \&Er , +and +.Sx \&Ex +macros were stipulated only to occur in certain manual sections. mandoc +does not have these restrictions. .El -. -. .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr mandoc 1 , .Xr mandoc_char 7 -. -. .Sh AUTHORS The .Nm reference was written by -.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@kth.se . +.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@bsd.lv . .\" .\" XXX: this really isn't the place for these caveats. .\" .