X-Git-Url: https://git.cameronkatri.com/mandoc.git/blobdiff_plain/d43a3b25e58b22f878cf000f42454792b509cd9d..90b416207a9708302ecc3333c3f3aa4c660122b1:/man.7?ds=sidebyside diff --git a/man.7 b/man.7 index 39006ef3..b7cf7f70 100644 --- a/man.7 +++ b/man.7 @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -.\" $Id: man.7,v 1.74 2010/05/26 14:03:54 kristaps Exp $ +.\" $Id: man.7,v 1.112 2011/12/02 01:37:14 schwarze Exp $ .\" -.\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv> +.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv> +.\" Copyright (c) 2011 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org> .\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above @@ -14,263 +15,119 @@ .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. .\" -.Dd $Mdocdate: May 26 2010 $ +.Dd $Mdocdate: December 2 2011 $ .Dt MAN 7 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm man -.Nd man language reference +.Nd legacy formatting language for manual pages .Sh DESCRIPTION -The +Traditionally, the .Nm man -language was historically used to format +language has been used to write .Ux -manuals. -This reference document describes its syntax, structure, and usage. +manuals for the +.Xr man 1 +utility. +It supports limited control of presentational details like fonts, +indentation and spacing. +This reference document describes the structure of manual pages +and the syntax and usage of the man language. .Pp .Bf -emphasis Do not use .Nm -to write your manuals. +to write your manuals: .Ef +It lacks support for semantic markup. Use the .Xr mdoc 7 language, instead. .Pp -An +In a .Nm -document follows simple rules: lines beginning with the control -character +document, lines beginning with the control character .Sq \&. -are parsed for macros. -Other lines are interpreted within the scope of -prior macros: +are called +.Dq macro lines . +The first word is the macro name. +It usually consists of two capital letters. +For a list of available macros, see +.Sx MACRO OVERVIEW . +The words following the macro name are arguments to the macro. +.Pp +Lines not beginning with the control character are called +.Dq text lines . +They provide free-form text to be printed; the formatting of the text +depends on the respective processing context: .Bd -literal -offset indent \&.SH Macro lines change control state. -Other lines are interpreted within the current state. +Text lines are interpreted within the current state. .Ed -.Sh INPUT ENCODING -.Nm -documents may contain only graphable 7-bit ASCII characters, the -space character, and the tabs character. -All manuals must have -.Ux -line termination. -.Pp -Blank lines are acceptable; where found, the output will assert a -vertical space. -.Ss Comments -Text following a -.Sq \e\*" , -whether in a macro or free-form text line, is ignored to the end of -line. -A macro line with only a control character and comment escape, -.Sq \&.\e" , -is also ignored. -Macro lines with only a control character and optionally whitespace are -stripped from input. -.Ss Special Characters -Special characters may occur in both macro and free-form lines. -Sequences begin with the escape character -.Sq \e -followed by either an open-parenthesis -.Sq \&( -for two-character sequences; an open-bracket -.Sq \&[ -for n-character sequences (terminated at a close-bracket -.Sq \&] ) ; -or a single one-character sequence. -See -.Xr mandoc_char 7 -for a complete list. -Examples include -.Sq \e(em -.Pq em-dash -and -.Sq \ee -.Pq back-slash . -.Ss Text Decoration -Terms may be text-decorated using the -.Sq \ef -escape followed by an indicator: B (bold), I, (italic), R (Roman), or P -(revert to previous mode): -.Pp -.D1 \efBbold\efR \efIitalic\efP -.Pp -A numerical representation 3, 2, or 1 (bold, italic, and Roman, -respectively) may be used instead. -A text decoration is only valid, if specified in free-form text, until -the next macro invocation; if specified within a macro, it's only valid -until the macro closes scope. -Note that macros like -.Sx \&BR -open and close a font scope with each argument. -.Pp -Text may also be sized with the -.Sq \es -escape, whose syntax is one of -.Sq \es+-n -for one-digit numerals; -.Sq \es(+-nn -or -.Sq \es+-(nn -for two-digit numerals; and -.Sq \es[+-N] , -.Sq \es+-[N] , -.Sq \es'+-N' , -or -.Sq \es+-'N' -for arbitrary-digit numerals: .Pp -.D1 \es+1bigger\es-1 -.D1 \es[+10]much bigger\es[-10] -.D1 \es+(10much bigger\es-(10 -.D1 \es+'100'much much bigger\es-'100' -.Pp -Both -.Sq \es -and -.Sq \ef -attributes are forgotten when entering or exiting a macro block. -.Ss Whitespace -Whitespace consists of the space character. -In free-form lines, whitespace is preserved within a line; un-escaped -trailing spaces are stripped from input (unless in a literal context). -Blank free-form lines, which may include spaces, are permitted and -rendered as an empty line. -.Pp -In macro lines, whitespace delimits arguments and is discarded. -If arguments are quoted, whitespace within the quotes is retained. -.Ss Dates -The -.Sx \&TH -macro is the only +Many aspects of the basic syntax of the .Nm -macro that requires a date. -The form for this date is the ISO-8601 -standard -.Cm YYYY-MM-DD . -.Ss Scaling Widths -Many macros support scaled widths for their arguments, such as -stipulating a two-inch paragraph indentation with the following: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.HP 2i -.Ed -.Pp -The syntax for scaled widths is -.Sq Li [+-]?[0-9]*.[0-9]*[:unit:]? , -where a decimal must be preceded or proceeded by at least one digit. -Negative numbers, while accepted, are truncated to zero. -The following scaling units are accepted: -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact -.It c -centimetre -.It i -inch -.It P -pica (~1/6 inch) -.It p -point (~1/72 inch) -.It f -synonym for -.Sq u -.It v -default vertical span -.It m -width of rendered -.Sq m -.Pq em -character -.It n -width of rendered -.Sq n -.Pq en -character -.It u -default horizontal span -.It M -mini-em (~1/100 em) -.El -.Pp -Using anything other than -.Sq m , -.Sq n , -.Sq u , -or -.Sq v -is necessarily non-portable across output media. -.Pp -If a scaling unit is not provided, the numerical value is interpreted -under the default rules of -.Sq v -for vertical spaces and -.Sq u -for horizontal ones. -.Em Note : -this differs from -.Xr mdoc 7 , -which, if a unit is not provided, will instead interpret the string as -literal text. -.Ss Sentence Spacing -When composing a manual, make sure that your sentences end at the end of -a line. -By doing so, front-ends will be able to apply the proper amount of -spacing after the end of sentence (unescaped) period, exclamation mark, -or question mark followed by zero or more non-sentence closing -delimiters ( -.Ns Sq \&) , -.Sq \&] , -.Sq \&' , -.Sq \&" ) . +language are based on the +.Xr roff 7 +language; see the +.Em LANGUAGE SYNTAX +and +.Em MACRO SYNTAX +sections in the +.Xr roff 7 +manual for details, in particular regarding +comments, escape sequences, whitespace, and quoting. .Sh MANUAL STRUCTURE Each .Nm -document must contain contains at least the +document must contain the .Sx \&TH macro describing the document's section and title. -It may occur anywhere in the document, although conventionally, it +It may occur anywhere in the document, although conventionally it appears as the first macro. .Pp Beyond .Sx \&TH , -at least one macro or text node must appear in the document. -Documents are generally structured as follows: +at least one macro or text line must appear in the document. +.Pp +The following is a well-formed skeleton +.Nm +file for a utility +.Qq progname : .Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.TH FOO 1 2009-10-10 -\&. +\&.TH PROGNAME 1 2009-10-10 \&.SH NAME -\efBfoo\efR \e(en a description goes here -\&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2 & 3 only. -\&.\e\*q .SH LIBRARY -\&. +\efBprogname\efR \e(en a description goes here +\&.\e\(dq .SH LIBRARY +\&.\e\(dq For sections 2 & 3 only. +\&.\e\(dq Not used in OpenBSD. \&.SH SYNOPSIS -\efBfoo\efR [\efB\e-options\efR] arguments... -\&. +\efBprogname\efR [\efB\e-options\efR] arguments... \&.SH DESCRIPTION The \efBfoo\efR utility processes files... -\&. -\&.\e\*q .SH IMPLEMENTATION NOTES -\&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2, 3, & 9 only. -\&.\e\*q .SH RETURN VALUES -\&.\e\*q The next is for sections 1, 6, 7, & 8 only. -\&.\e\*q .SH ENVIRONMENT -\&.\e\*q .SH FILES -\&.\e\*q The next is for sections 1 & 8 only. -\&.\e\*q .SH EXIT STATUS -\&.\e\*q .SH EXAMPLES -\&.\e\*q The next is for sections 1, 4, 6, 7, & 8 only. -\&.\e\*q .SH DIAGNOSTICS -\&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2, 3, & 9 only. -\&.\e\*q .SH ERRORS -\&.\e\*q .SH SEE ALSO -\&.\e\*q .BR foo ( 1 ) -\&.\e\*q .SH STANDARDS -\&.\e\*q .SH HISTORY -\&.\e\*q .SH AUTHORS -\&.\e\*q .SH CAVEATS -\&.\e\*q .SH BUGS -\&.\e\*q .SH SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS +\&.\e\(dq .SH IMPLEMENTATION NOTES +\&.\e\(dq Not used in OpenBSD. +\&.\e\(dq .SH RETURN VALUES +\&.\e\(dq For sections 2, 3, & 9 only. +\&.\e\(dq .SH ENVIRONMENT +\&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 6, 7, & 8 only. +\&.\e\(dq .SH FILES +\&.\e\(dq .SH EXIT STATUS +\&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 6, & 8 only. +\&.\e\(dq .SH EXAMPLES +\&.\e\(dq .SH DIAGNOSTICS +\&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 4, 6, 7, & 8 only. +\&.\e\(dq .SH ERRORS +\&.\e\(dq For sections 2, 3, & 9 only. +\&.\e\(dq .SH SEE ALSO +\&.\e\(dq .BR foo ( 1 ) +\&.\e\(dq .SH STANDARDS +\&.\e\(dq .SH HISTORY +\&.\e\(dq .SH AUTHORS +\&.\e\(dq .SH CAVEATS +\&.\e\(dq .SH BUGS +\&.\e\(dq .SH SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS +\&.\e\(dq Not used in OpenBSD. .Ed .Pp The sections in a @@ -318,22 +175,17 @@ Implementation-specific notes should be kept here. This is useful when implementing standard functions that may have side effects or notable algorithmic implications. .It Em RETURN VALUES -This section is the dual of -.Em EXIT STATUS , -which is used for commands. -It documents the return values of functions in sections 2, 3, and 9. +This section documents the return values of functions in sections 2, 3, and 9. .It Em ENVIRONMENT Documents any usages of environment variables, e.g., .Xr environ 7 . .It Em FILES Documents files used. -It's helpful to document both the file and a short description of how +It's helpful to document both the file name and a short description of how the file is used (created, modified, etc.). .It Em EXIT STATUS -Command exit status for section 1, 6, and 8 manuals. -This section is the dual of -.Em RETURN VALUES , -which is used for functions. +This section documents the command exit status for +section 1, 6, and 8 utilities. Historically, this information was described in .Em DIAGNOSTICS , a practise that is now discouraged. @@ -341,7 +193,7 @@ a practise that is now discouraged. Example usages. This often contains snippets of well-formed, well-tested invocations. -Make doubly sure that your examples work properly! +Make sure that examples work properly! .It Em DIAGNOSTICS Documents error conditions. This is most useful in section 4 manuals. @@ -368,164 +220,59 @@ If not adhering to any standards, the .Em HISTORY section should be used. .It Em HISTORY -The history of any manual without a -.Em STANDARDS -section should be described in this section. +A brief history of the subject, including where support first appeared. .It Em AUTHORS -Credits to authors, if applicable, should appear in this section. -Authors should generally be noted by both name and an e-mail address. +Credits to the person or persons who wrote the code and/or documentation. +Authors should generally be noted by both name and email address. .It Em CAVEATS -Explanations of common misuses and misunderstandings should be explained +Common misuses and misunderstandings should be explained in this section. .It Em BUGS -Extant bugs should be described in this section. +Known bugs, limitations, and work-arounds should be described +in this section. .It Em SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS Documents any security precautions that operators should consider. .El -.Sh MACRO SYNTAX -Macros are one to three three characters in length and begin with a -control character , -.Sq \&. , -at the beginning of the line. -The -.Sq \(aq -macro control character is also accepted. -An arbitrary amount of whitespace (spaces or tabs) may sit between the -control character and the macro name. -Thus, the following are equivalent: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.PP -\&.\ \ \ PP -.Ed -.Pp -The -.Nm -macros are classified by scope: line scope or block scope. -Line macros are only scoped to the current line (and, in some -situations, the subsequent line). -Block macros are scoped to the current line and subsequent lines until -closed by another block macro. -.Ss Line Macros -Line macros are generally scoped to the current line, with the body -consisting of zero or more arguments. -If a macro is scoped to the next line and the line arguments are empty, -the next line, which must be text, is used instead. -Thus: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.I -foo -.Ed -.Pp -is equivalent to -.Sq \&.I foo . -If next-line macros are invoked consecutively, only the last is used. -If a next-line macro is followed by a non-next-line macro, an error is -raised (unless in the case of -.Sx \&br , -.Sx \&sp , -or -.Sx \&na ) . -.Pp -The syntax is as follows: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.YO \(lBbody...\(rB -\(lBbody...\(rB -.Ed -.Pp -.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "ArgumentsX" "ScopeXXXXX" "CompatX" -.It Em Macro Ta Em Arguments Ta Em Scope Ta Em Notes -.It Sx \&AT Ta <=1 Ta current Ta \& -.It Sx \&B Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& -.It Sx \&BI Ta n Ta current Ta \& -.It Sx \&BR Ta n Ta current Ta \& -.It Sx \&DT Ta 0 Ta current Ta \& -.It Sx \&I Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& -.It Sx \&IB Ta n Ta current Ta \& -.It Sx \&IR Ta n Ta current Ta \& -.\" .It Sx \&PD Ta n Ta current Ta compat -.It Sx \&R Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& -.It Sx \&RB Ta n Ta current Ta \& -.It Sx \&RI Ta n Ta current Ta \& -.It Sx \&SB Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& -.It Sx \&SM Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& -.It Sx \&TH Ta >1, <6 Ta current Ta \& -.It Sx \&UC Ta <=1 Ta current Ta \& -.It Sx \&br Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat -.It Sx \&fi Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat -.It Sx \&i Ta n Ta current Ta compat -.It Sx \&na Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat -.It Sx \&nf Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat -.It Sx \&r Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat -.It Sx \&sp Ta 1 Ta current Ta compat -.\" .It Sx \&Sp Ta <1 Ta current Ta compat -.\" .It Sx \&Vb Ta <1 Ta current Ta compat -.\" .It Sx \&Ve Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat +.Sh MACRO OVERVIEW +This overview is sorted such that macros of similar purpose are listed +together, to help find the best macro for any given purpose. +Deprecated macros are not included in the overview, but can be found +in the alphabetical reference below. +.Ss Page header and footer meta-data +.Bl -column "PP, LP, P" description +.It Sx TH Ta set the title: Ar title section date Op Ar source Op Ar volume +.It Sx AT Ta display AT&T UNIX version in the page footer (<= 1 argument) +.It Sx UC Ta display BSD version in the page footer (<= 1 argument) .El -.Pp -Macros marked as -.Qq compat -are included for compatibility with the significant corpus of existing -manuals that mix dialects of roff. -These macros should not be used for portable -.Nm -manuals. -.Ss Block Macros -Block macros are comprised of a head and body. -Like for in-line macros, the head is scoped to the current line and, in -one circumstance, the next line (the next-line stipulations as in -.Sx Line Macros -apply here as well). -.Pp -The syntax is as follows: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.YO \(lBhead...\(rB -\(lBhead...\(rB -\(lBbody...\(rB -.Ed -.Pp -The closure of body scope may be to the section, where a macro is closed -by -.Sx \&SH ; -sub-section, closed by a section or -.Sx \&SS ; -part, closed by a section, sub-section, or -.Sx \&RE ; -or paragraph, closed by a section, sub-section, part, -.Sx \&HP , -.Sx \&IP , -.Sx \&LP , -.Sx \&P , -.Sx \&PP , -or -.Sx \&TP . -No closure refers to an explicit block closing macro. -.Pp -As a rule, block macros may not be nested; thus, calling a block macro -while another block macro scope is open, and the open scope is not -implicitly closed, is syntactically incorrect. -.Pp -.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "ArgumentsX" "Head ScopeX" "sub-sectionX" "compatX" -.It Em Macro Ta Em Arguments Ta Em Head Scope Ta Em Body Scope Ta Em Notes -.It Sx \&HP Ta <2 Ta current Ta paragraph Ta \& -.It Sx \&IP Ta <3 Ta current Ta paragraph Ta \& -.It Sx \&LP Ta 0 Ta current Ta paragraph Ta \& -.It Sx \&P Ta 0 Ta current Ta paragraph Ta \& -.It Sx \&PP Ta 0 Ta current Ta paragraph Ta \& -.It Sx \&RE Ta 0 Ta current Ta none Ta compat -.It Sx \&RS Ta 1 Ta current Ta part Ta compat -.It Sx \&SH Ta >0 Ta next-line Ta section Ta \& -.It Sx \&SS Ta >0 Ta next-line Ta sub-section Ta \& -.It Sx \&TP Ta n Ta next-line Ta paragraph Ta \& +.Ss Sections and paragraphs +.Bl -column "PP, LP, P" description +.It Sx SH Ta section header (one line) +.It Sx SS Ta subsection header (one line) +.It Sx PP , LP , P Ta start an undecorated paragraph (no arguments) +.It Sx RS , RE Ta reset the left margin: Op Ar width +.It Sx IP Ta indented paragraph: Op Ar head Op Ar width +.It Sx TP Ta tagged paragraph: Op Ar width +.It Sx HP Ta hanged paragraph: Op Ar width +.It Sx \&br Ta force output line break in text mode (no arguments) +.It Sx \&sp Ta force vertical space: Op Ar height +.It Sx fi , nf Ta fill mode and no-fill mode (no arguments) +.It Sx in Ta additional indent: Op Ar width .El -.Pp -Macros marked -.Qq compat -are as mentioned in -.Sx Line Macros . -.Pp -If a block macro is next-line scoped, it may only be followed by in-line -macros for decorating text. -.Sh REFERENCE +.Ss Physical markup +.Bl -column "PP, LP, P" description +.It Sx B Ta boldface font +.It Sx I Ta italic font +.It Sx R Ta roman (default) font +.It Sx SB Ta small boldface font +.It Sx SM Ta small roman font +.It Sx BI Ta alternate between boldface and italic fonts +.It Sx BR Ta alternate between boldface and roman fonts +.It Sx IB Ta alternate between italic and boldface fonts +.It Sx IR Ta alternate between italic and roman fonts +.It Sx RB Ta alternate between roman and boldface fonts +.It Sx RI Ta alternate between roman and italic fonts +.El +.Sh MACRO REFERENCE This section is a canonical reference to all macros, arranged alphabetically. For the scoping of individual macros, see @@ -539,12 +286,9 @@ The optional arguments specify which release it is from. Text is rendered in bold face. .Pp See also -.Sx \&I , -.Sx \&R , -.Sx \&b , -.Sx \&i , +.Sx \&I and -.Sx \&r . +.Sx \&R . .Ss \&BI Text is rendered alternately in bold face and italic. Thus, @@ -562,7 +306,7 @@ Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. .Pp Examples: .Pp -.D1 \&.BI bold italic bold italic +.Dl \&.BI bold italic bold italic .Pp The output of this example will be emboldened .Dq bold @@ -621,15 +365,12 @@ and Text is rendered in italics. .Pp See also -.Sx \&B , -.Sx \&R , -.Sx \&b , -.Sx \&i , +.Sx \&B and -.Sx \&r . +.Sx \&R . .Ss \&IB -Text is rendered alternately in italics and bold face. Whitespace -between arguments is omitted in output. +Text is rendered alternately in italics and bold face. +Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. .Pp See .Sx \&BI @@ -652,7 +393,7 @@ Begin an indented paragraph with the following syntax: The .Cm width argument defines the width of the left margin and is defined by -.Sx Scaling Widths , +.Sx Scaling Widths . It's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if unspecified, the saved or default width is used. .Pp @@ -687,7 +428,7 @@ and Begin an undecorated paragraph. The scope of a paragraph is closed by a subsequent paragraph, sub-section, section, or end of file. -The saved paragraph left-margin width is re-set to the default. +The saved paragraph left-margin width is reset to the default. .Pp See also .Sx \&HP , @@ -722,12 +463,9 @@ and Text is rendered in roman (the default font). .Pp See also -.Sx \&I , -.Sx \&B , -.Sx \&b , -.Sx \&i , +.Sx \&I and -.Sx \&r . +.Sx \&B . .Ss \&RB Text is rendered alternately in roman (the default font) and bold face. Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. @@ -746,6 +484,9 @@ and .Ss \&RE Explicitly close out the scope of a prior .Sx \&RS . +The default left margin is restored to the state of the original +.Sx \&RS +invocation. .Ss \&RI Text is rendered alternately in roman (the default font) and italics. Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. @@ -762,13 +503,10 @@ See also and .Sx \&IR . .Ss \&RS -Begin a part setting the left margin. -The left margin controls the offset, following an initial indentation, -to un-indented text such as that of -.Sx \&PP . +Temporarily reset the default left margin. This has the following syntax: .Bd -filled -offset indent -.Pf \. Sx \&Rs +.Pf \. Sx \&RS .Op Cm width .Ed .Pp @@ -777,6 +515,9 @@ The argument must conform to .Sx Scaling Widths . If not specified, the saved or default width is used. +.Pp +See also +.Sx \&RE . .Ss \&SB Text is rendered in small size (one point smaller than the default font) bold face. @@ -784,7 +525,7 @@ bold face. Begin a section. The scope of a section is only closed by another section or the end of file. -The paragraph left-margin width is re-set to the default. +The paragraph left-margin width is reset to the default. .Ss \&SM Text is rendered in small size (one point smaller than the default font). @@ -792,37 +533,38 @@ font). Begin a sub-section. The scope of a sub-section is closed by a subsequent sub-section, section, or end of file. -The paragraph left-margin width is re-set to the default. +The paragraph left-margin width is reset to the default. .Ss \&TH Sets the title of the manual page with the following syntax: .Bd -filled -offset indent .Pf \. Sx \&TH -.Cm title section -.Op Cm date Op Cm source Op Cm volume +.Ar title section date +.Op Ar source Op Ar volume .Ed .Pp -At least the upper-case document title -.Cm title -and numeric manual section -.Cm section -arguments must be provided. -The -.Cm date -argument should be formatted as described in -.Sx Dates , -but will be printed verbatim if it is not. -If the date is not specified, the current date is used. -The -.Cm source +Conventionally, the document +.Ar title +is given in all caps. +The recommended +.Ar date +format is +.Sy YYYY-MM-DD +as specified in the ISO-8601 standard; +if the argument does not conform, it is printed verbatim. +If the +.Ar date +is empty or not specified, the current date is used. +The optional +.Ar source string specifies the organisation providing the utility. The -.Cm volume +.Ar volume string replaces the default rendered volume, which is dictated by the manual section. .Pp Examples: .Pp -.D1 \&.TH CVS 5 "1992-02-12" GNU +.Dl \&.TH CVS 5 "1992-02-12" GNU .Ss \&TP Begin a paragraph where the head, if exceeding the indentation width, is followed by a newline; if not, the body follows on the same line after a @@ -848,12 +590,6 @@ See also .Sx \&P , and .Sx \&PP . -.\" . -.\" . -.\" .Ss \&PD -.\" Has no effect. Included for compatibility. -.\" . -.\" . .Ss \&UC Sets the volume for the footer for compatibility with man pages from BSD releases. @@ -867,18 +603,21 @@ See also .Ss \&fi End literal mode begun by .Sx \&nf . -.Ss \&i -Italicise arguments. -Synonym for -.Sx \&I . +.Ss \&ft +Change the current font mode. +See +.Sx Text Decoration +for a listing of available font modes. +.Ss \&in +Indent relative to the current indentation: .Pp -See also -.Sx \&B , -.Sx \&I , -.Sx \&R . -.Sx \&b , -and -.Sx \&r . +.D1 Pf \. Sx \&in Op Cm width +.Pp +If +.Cm width +is signed, the new offset is relative. +Otherwise, it is absolute. +This value is reset upon the next paragraph, section, or sub-section. .Ss \&na Don't align to the right margin. .Ss \&nf @@ -886,16 +625,10 @@ Begin literal mode: all subsequent free-form lines have their end of line boundaries preserved. May be ended by .Sx \&fi . -.Ss \&r -Fonts and styles (bold face, italics) reset to roman (default font). -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&B , -.Sx \&I , -.Sx \&R , -.Sx \&b , -and -.Sx \&i . +Literal mode is implicitly ended by +.Sx \&SH +or +.Sx \&SS . .Ss \&sp Insert vertical spaces into output with the following syntax: .Bd -filled -offset indent @@ -914,21 +647,143 @@ Defaults to 1, if unspecified. .Pp See also .Sx \&br . -.\" .Ss \&Sp -.\" A synonym for -.\" .Sx \&sp -.\" .Cm 0.5v . -.\" . -.\" .Ss \&Vb -.\" A synonym for -.\" .Sx \&nf . -.\" Accepts an argument (the height of the formatted space) which is -.\" disregarded. -.\" . -.\" .Ss \&Ve -.\" A synonym for -.\" .Sx \&fi . -.\" . +.Sh MACRO SYNTAX +The +.Nm +macros are classified by scope: line scope or block scope. +Line macros are only scoped to the current line (and, in some +situations, the subsequent line). +Block macros are scoped to the current line and subsequent lines until +closed by another block macro. +.Ss Line Macros +Line macros are generally scoped to the current line, with the body +consisting of zero or more arguments. +If a macro is scoped to the next line and the line arguments are empty, +the next line, which must be text, is used instead. +Thus: +.Bd -literal -offset indent +\&.I +foo +.Ed +.Pp +is equivalent to +.Sq \&.I foo . +If next-line macros are invoked consecutively, only the last is used. +If a next-line macro is followed by a non-next-line macro, an error is +raised, except for +.Sx \&br , +.Sx \&sp , +and +.Sx \&na . +.Pp +The syntax is as follows: +.Bd -literal -offset indent +\&.YO \(lBbody...\(rB +\(lBbody...\(rB +.Ed +.Bl -column "MacroX" "ArgumentsX" "ScopeXXXXX" "CompatX" -offset indent +.It Em Macro Ta Em Arguments Ta Em Scope Ta Em Notes +.It Sx \&AT Ta <=1 Ta current Ta \& +.It Sx \&B Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& +.It Sx \&BI Ta n Ta current Ta \& +.It Sx \&BR Ta n Ta current Ta \& +.It Sx \&DT Ta 0 Ta current Ta \& +.It Sx \&I Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& +.It Sx \&IB Ta n Ta current Ta \& +.It Sx \&IR Ta n Ta current Ta \& +.It Sx \&R Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& +.It Sx \&RB Ta n Ta current Ta \& +.It Sx \&RI Ta n Ta current Ta \& +.It Sx \&SB Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& +.It Sx \&SM Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& +.It Sx \&TH Ta >1, <6 Ta current Ta \& +.It Sx \&UC Ta <=1 Ta current Ta \& +.It Sx \&br Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat +.It Sx \&fi Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat +.It Sx \&ft Ta 1 Ta current Ta compat +.It Sx \&in Ta 1 Ta current Ta compat +.It Sx \&na Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat +.It Sx \&nf Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat +.It Sx \&sp Ta 1 Ta current Ta compat +.El +.Pp +Macros marked as +.Qq compat +are included for compatibility with the significant corpus of existing +manuals that mix dialects of roff. +These macros should not be used for portable +.Nm +manuals. +.Ss Block Macros +Block macros comprise a head and body. +As with in-line macros, the head is scoped to the current line and, in +one circumstance, the next line (the next-line stipulations as in +.Sx Line Macros +apply here as well). +.Pp +The syntax is as follows: +.Bd -literal -offset indent +\&.YO \(lBhead...\(rB +\(lBhead...\(rB +\(lBbody...\(rB +.Ed +.Pp +The closure of body scope may be to the section, where a macro is closed +by +.Sx \&SH ; +sub-section, closed by a section or +.Sx \&SS ; +part, closed by a section, sub-section, or +.Sx \&RE ; +or paragraph, closed by a section, sub-section, part, +.Sx \&HP , +.Sx \&IP , +.Sx \&LP , +.Sx \&P , +.Sx \&PP , +or +.Sx \&TP . +No closure refers to an explicit block closing macro. +.Pp +As a rule, block macros may not be nested; thus, calling a block macro +while another block macro scope is open, and the open scope is not +implicitly closed, is syntactically incorrect. +.Bl -column "MacroX" "ArgumentsX" "Head ScopeX" "sub-sectionX" "compatX" -offset indent +.It Em Macro Ta Em Arguments Ta Em Head Scope Ta Em Body Scope Ta Em Notes +.It Sx \&HP Ta <2 Ta current Ta paragraph Ta \& +.It Sx \&IP Ta <3 Ta current Ta paragraph Ta \& +.It Sx \&LP Ta 0 Ta current Ta paragraph Ta \& +.It Sx \&P Ta 0 Ta current Ta paragraph Ta \& +.It Sx \&PP Ta 0 Ta current Ta paragraph Ta \& +.It Sx \&RE Ta 0 Ta current Ta none Ta compat +.It Sx \&RS Ta 1 Ta current Ta part Ta compat +.It Sx \&SH Ta >0 Ta next-line Ta section Ta \& +.It Sx \&SS Ta >0 Ta next-line Ta sub-section Ta \& +.It Sx \&TP Ta n Ta next-line Ta paragraph Ta \& +.El +.Pp +Macros marked +.Qq compat +are as mentioned in +.Sx Line Macros . +.Pp +If a block macro is next-line scoped, it may only be followed by in-line +macros for decorating text. +.Ss Font handling +In +.Nm +documents, both +.Sx Physical markup +macros and +.Xr roff 7 +.Ql \ef +font escape sequences can be used to choose fonts. +In text lines, the effect of manual font selection by escape sequences +only lasts until the next macro invocation; in macro lines, it only lasts +until the end of the macro scope. +Note that macros like +.Sx \&BR +open and close a font scope for each argument. .Sh COMPATIBILITY This section documents areas of questionable portability between implementations of the @@ -937,30 +792,93 @@ language. .Pp .Bl -dash -compact .It +Do not depend on +.Sx \&SH +or +.Sx \&SS +to close out a literal context opened with +.Sx \&nf . +This behaviour may not be portable. +.It In quoted literals, GNU troff allowed pair-wise double-quotes to produce a standalone double-quote in formatted output. It is not known whether this behaviour is exhibited by other formatters. .It +troff suppresses a newline before +.Sq \(aq +macro output; in mandoc, it is an alias for the standard +.Sq \&. +control character. +.It +The +.Sq \eh +.Pq horizontal position , +.Sq \ev +.Pq vertical position , +.Sq \em +.Pq text colour , +.Sq \eM +.Pq text filling colour , +.Sq \ez +.Pq zero-length character , +.Sq \ew +.Pq string length , +.Sq \ek +.Pq horizontal position marker , +.Sq \eo +.Pq text overstrike , +and +.Sq \es +.Pq text size +escape sequences are all discarded in mandoc. +.It +The +.Sq \ef +scaling unit is accepted by mandoc, but rendered as the default unit. +.It The .Sx \&sp macro does not accept negative values in mandoc. In GNU troff, this would result in strange behaviour. .It -The -.Sq \(aq -macro control character, in GNU troff (and prior troffs) suppresses a -newline before macro output; in mandoc, it is an alias for the standard -.Sq \&. -control character. +In page header lines, GNU troff versions up to and including 1.21 +only print +.Ar volume +names explicitly specified in the +.Sx \&TH +macro; mandoc and newer groff print the default volume name +corresponding to the +.Ar section +number when no +.Ar volume +is given, like in +.Xr mdoc 7 . .El .Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr man 1 , .Xr mandoc 1 , -.Xr mandoc_char 7 -.Sh AUTHORS +.Xr eqn 7 , +.Xr mandoc_char 7 , +.Xr mdoc 7 , +.Xr roff 7 , +.Xr tbl 7 +.Sh HISTORY The .Nm +language first appeared as a macro package for the roff typesetting +system in +.At v7 . +It was later rewritten by James Clark as a macro package for groff. +The stand-alone implementation that is part of the +.Xr mandoc 1 +utility written by Kristaps Dzonsons appeared in +.Ox 4.6 . +.Sh AUTHORS +This +.Nm reference was written by -.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@bsd.lv . +.An Kristaps Dzonsons , +.Mt kristaps@bsd.lv . .Sh CAVEATS Do not use this language. Use