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Diffstat (limited to 'mdoc.7')
| -rw-r--r-- | mdoc.7 | 165 |
1 files changed, 4 insertions, 161 deletions
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -.\" $Id: mdoc.7,v 1.93 2010/04/07 19:37:54 kristaps Exp $ +.\" $Id: mdoc.7,v 1.94 2010/04/13 05:26:49 kristaps Exp $ .\" -.\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@kth.se> +.\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv> .\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above @@ -14,16 +14,12 @@ .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. .\" -.Dd $Mdocdate: April 7 2010 $ +.Dd $Mdocdate: April 13 2010 $ .Dt MDOC 7 .Os -. -. .Sh NAME .Nm mdoc .Nd mdoc language reference -. -. .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm mdoc @@ -34,7 +30,6 @@ manuals. In this reference document, we describe its syntax, structure, and usage. Our reference implementation is mandoc; the .Sx COMPATIBILITY section describes compatibility with other troff \-mdoc implementations. -. .Pp An .Nm @@ -47,8 +42,6 @@ prior macros: \&.Sh Macro lines change control state. Other lines are interpreted within the current state. .Ed -. -. .Sh LANGUAGE SYNTAX .Nm documents may contain only graphable 7-bit ASCII characters, the space @@ -56,8 +49,6 @@ character, and, in certain circumstances, the tab character. All manuals must have .Ux line terminators. -. -. .Ss Comments Text following a .Sq \e" , @@ -66,8 +57,6 @@ line. A macro line with only a control character and comment escape, .Sq \&.\e" , is also ignored. Macro lines with only a control charater and optionally whitespace are stripped from input. -. -. .Ss Reserved Characters Within a macro line, the following characters are reserved: .Pp @@ -95,7 +84,6 @@ Within a macro line, the following characters are reserved: .It \&| .Pq vertical bar .El -. .Pp Use of reserved characters is described in .Sx MACRO SYNTAX . @@ -103,8 +91,6 @@ For general use in macro lines, these characters must either be escaped with a non-breaking space .Pq Sq \e& or, if applicable, an appropriate escape sequence used. -. -. .Ss Special Characters Special characters may occur in both macro and free-form lines. Sequences begin with the escape character @@ -123,8 +109,6 @@ for a complete list. Examples include and .Sq \ee .Pq back-slash . -. -. .Ss Text Decoration Terms may be text-decorated using the .Sq \ef @@ -172,8 +156,6 @@ Note these forms are recommended for .Nm , which encourages semantic annotation. -. -. .Ss Predefined Strings Historically, .Xr groff 1 @@ -198,8 +180,6 @@ for a complete list. Examples include and .Sq \e*(Ba .Pq vertical bar . -. -. .Ss Whitespace In non-literal free-form lines, consecutive blocks of whitespace are pruned from input and added later in the output filter, if applicable: @@ -209,26 +189,21 @@ These spaces are pruned from input. These are not. \&.Ed .Ed -. .Pp In macro lines, whitespace delimits arguments and is discarded. If arguments are quoted, whitespace within the quotes is retained. -. .Pp Blank lines are only permitted within literal contexts, as are lines containing only whitespace. Tab characters are only acceptable when delimiting .Sq \&Bl \-column or when in a literal context. -. -. .Ss Quotation Macro arguments may be quoted with a double-quote to group space-delimited terms or to retain blocks of whitespace. A quoted argument begins with a double-quote preceded by whitespace. The next double-quote not pair-wise adjacent to another double-quote terminates the literal, regardless of surrounding whitespace. -. .Pp This produces tokens .Sq a" , @@ -242,10 +217,8 @@ considered literal text. Thus, the following produces .Bd -literal -offset indent \&.Em "Em a" .Ed -. .Pp In free-form mode, quotes are regarded as opaque text. -. .Ss Dates There are several macros in .Nm @@ -272,14 +245,12 @@ Some examples of valid dates follow: .D1 "May, 2009" Pq reduced form .D1 "2009" Pq reduced form .D1 "May 20, 2009" Pq canonical form -. .Ss Scaling Widths Many macros support scaled widths for their arguments, such as stipulating a two-inch list indentation with the following: .Bd -literal -offset indent \&.Bl -tag -width 2i .Ed -. .Pp The syntax for scaled widths is .Sq Li [+-]?[0-9]*.[0-9]*[:unit:] , @@ -325,8 +296,6 @@ or .Sq v is necessarily non-portable across output media. See .Sx COMPATIBILITY . -. -. .Sh MANUAL STRUCTURE A well-formed .Nm @@ -421,7 +390,6 @@ See .Sx \&Nm and .Sx \&Nd . -. .It Em LIBRARY The name of the library containing the documented material, which is assumed to be a function in a section 2 or 3 manual. The syntax for @@ -432,7 +400,6 @@ this is as follows: .Pp See .Sx \&Lb . -. .It Em SYNOPSIS Documents the utility invocation syntax, function call syntax, or device configuration. @@ -476,7 +443,6 @@ See .Sx \&Ft , and .Sx \&Vt . -. .It Em DESCRIPTION This expands upon the brief, one-line description in .Em NAME . @@ -491,12 +457,10 @@ Print verbose information. .Ed .Pp Manuals not documenting a command won't include the above fragment. -. .It Em IMPLEMENTATION NOTES Implementation-specific notes should be kept here. This is useful when implementing standard functions that may have side effects or notable algorithmic implications. -. .It Em EXIT STATUS Command exit status for section 1, 6, and 8 manuals. This section is the dual of @@ -508,7 +472,6 @@ a practise that is now discouraged. .Pp See .Sx \&Ex . -. .It Em RETURN VALUES This section is the dual of .Em EXIT STATUS , @@ -517,26 +480,22 @@ in sections 2, 3, and 9. .Pp See .Sx \&Rv . -. .It Em ENVIRONMENT Documents any usages of environment variables, e.g., .Xr environ 7 . .Pp See .Sx \&Ev . -. .It Em FILES Documents files used. It's helpful to document both the file and a short description of how the file is used (created, modified, etc.). .Pp See .Sx \&Pa . -. .It Em EXAMPLES Example usages. This often contains snippets of well-formed, well-tested invocations. Make doubly sure that your examples work properly! -. .It Em DIAGNOSTICS Documents error conditions. This is most useful in section 4 manuals. Historically, this section was used in place of @@ -547,13 +506,11 @@ discouraged. See .Sx \&Bl .Fl diag . -. .It Em ERRORS Documents error handling in sections 2, 3, and 9. .Pp See .Sx \&Er . -. .It Em SEE ALSO References other manuals with related topics. This section should exist for most manuals. Cross-references should conventionally be ordered @@ -561,7 +518,6 @@ first by section, then alphabetically. .Pp See .Sx \&Xr . -. .It Em STANDARDS References any standards implemented or used. If not adhering to any standards, the @@ -570,32 +526,24 @@ section should be used instead. .Pp See .Sx \&St . -. .It Em HISTORY The history of any manual without a .Em STANDARDS section should be described in this section. -. .It Em AUTHORS Credits to authors, if applicable, should appear in this section. Authors should generally be noted by both name and an e-mail address. .Pp See .Sx \&An . -. .It Em CAVEATS Explanations of common misuses and misunderstandings should be explained in this section. -. .It Em BUGS Extant bugs should be described in this section. -. .It Em SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS Documents any security precautions that operators should consider. -. .El -. -. .Sh MACRO SYNTAX Macros are one to three three characters in length and begin with a control character , @@ -607,7 +555,6 @@ following are equivalent: \&.Pp \&.\ \ \ \&Pp .Ed -. .Pp The syntax of a macro depends on its classification. In this section, .Sq \-arg @@ -618,7 +565,6 @@ parameters; opens the scope of a macro; and if specified, .Sq \&Yc closes it out. -. .Pp The .Em Callable @@ -628,20 +574,16 @@ initial line macro is interpreted as opaque text, such that .Sq \&.Fl \&Sh produces .Sq Fl \&Sh . -. .Pp The .Em Parsable column indicates whether the macro may be followed by further (ostensibly callable) macros. If a macro is not parsable, subsequent macro invocations on the line will be interpreted as opaque text. -. .Pp The .Em Scope column, if applicable, describes closure rules. -. -. .Ss Block full-explicit Multi-line scope closed by an explicit closing macro. All macros contains bodies; only @@ -652,7 +594,6 @@ contains a head. \(lBbody...\(rB \&.Yc .Ed -. .Pp .Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "closed by XXX" .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope @@ -665,8 +606,6 @@ contains a head. .It Sx \&Ek Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Bk .It Sx \&El Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Bl .El -. -. .Ss Block full-implicit Multi-line scope closed by end-of-file or implicitly by another macro. All macros have bodies; some @@ -686,7 +625,6 @@ has multiple heads. \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead... \(lBTa head...\(rB\(rB \(lBbody...\(rB .Ed -. .Pp .Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "closed by XXXXXXXXXXX" .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope @@ -695,8 +633,6 @@ has multiple heads. .It Sx \&Sh Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh .It Sx \&Ss Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss .El -. -. .Ss Block partial-explicit Like block full-explicit, but also with single-line scope. Each has at least a body and, in limited circumstances, a head @@ -714,7 +650,6 @@ and/or tail \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead...\(rB \ \(lBbody...\(rB \&Yc \(lBtail...\(rB .Ed -. .Pp .Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "closed by XXXX" -compact -offset indent .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope @@ -743,8 +678,6 @@ and/or tail .It Sx \&Xc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Xo .It Sx \&Xo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Xc .El -. -. .Ss Block partial-implicit Like block full-implicit, but with single-line scope closed by .Sx Reserved Characters @@ -752,7 +685,6 @@ or end of line. .Bd -literal -offset indent \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBbody...\(rB \(lBres...\(rB .Ed -. .Pp .Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" -compact -offset indent .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable @@ -777,8 +709,6 @@ macro is a only when invoked as the first macro in a SYNOPSIS section line, else it is .Sx In-line . -. -. .Ss In-line Closed by .Sx Reserved Characters , @@ -794,7 +724,6 @@ then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of arguments. \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB arg0 arg1 argN .Ed -. .Pp .Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "Arguments" -compact -offset indent .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Arguments @@ -873,13 +802,10 @@ then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of arguments. .It Sx \&br Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 .It Sx \&sp Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1 .El -. -. .Sh REFERENCE This section is a canonical reference of all macros, arranged alphabetically. For the scoping of individual macros, see .Sx MACRO SYNTAX . -. .Ss \&%A Author name of an .Sx \&Rs @@ -887,13 +813,11 @@ block. Multiple authors should each be accorded their own .Sx \%%A line. Author names should be ordered with full or abbreviated forename(s) first, then full surname. -. .Ss \&%B Book title of an .Sx \&Rs block. This macro may also be used in a non-bibliographic context when referring to book titles. -. .Ss \&%C Publication city or location of an .Sx \&Rs @@ -902,70 +826,57 @@ block. .Em Remarks : this macro is not implemented in .Xr groff 1 . -. .Ss \&%D Publication date of an .Sx \&Rs block. This should follow the reduced or canonical form syntax described in .Sx Dates . -. .Ss \&%I Publisher or issuer name of an .Sx \&Rs block. -. .Ss \&%J Journal name of an .Sx \&Rs block. -. .Ss \&%N Issue number (usually for journals) of an .Sx \&Rs block. -. .Ss \&%O Optional information of an .Sx \&Rs block. -. .Ss \&%P Book or journal page number of an .Sx \&Rs block. -. .Ss \&%Q Institutional author (school, government, etc.) of an .Sx \&Rs block. Multiple institutional authors should each be accorded their own .Sx \&%Q line. -. .Ss \&%R Technical report name of an .Sx \&Rs block. -. .Ss \&%T Article title of an .Sx \&Rs block. This macro may also be used in a non-bibliographical context when referring to article titles. -. .Ss \&%U URI of reference document. -. .Ss \&%V Volume number of an .Sx \&Rs block. -. .Ss \&Ac Closes an .Sx \&Ao block. Does not have any tail arguments. -. .Ss \&Ad Address construct: usually in the context of an computational address in memory, not a physical (post) address. @@ -973,7 +884,6 @@ memory, not a physical (post) address. Examples: .D1 \&.Ad [0,$] .D1 \&.Ad 0x00000000 -. .Ss \&An Author name. This macro may alternatively accepts the following arguments, although these may not be specified along with a parameter: @@ -1005,7 +915,6 @@ are re-set when entering the AUTHORS section, so if one specifies .Sx \&An Fl nosplit in the general document body, it must be re-specified in the AUTHORS section. -. .Ss \&Ao Begins a block enclosed by angled brackets. Does not have any head arguments. @@ -1015,7 +924,6 @@ Examples: .Pp See also .Sx \&Aq . -. .Ss \&Ap Inserts an apostrophe without any surrounding white-space. This is generally used as a grammatic device when referring to the verb form of @@ -1023,7 +931,6 @@ a function: .Bd -literal -offset indent \&.Fn execve Ap d .Ed -. .Ss \&Aq Encloses its arguments in angled brackets. .Pp @@ -1042,7 +949,6 @@ statements, which should use .Pp See also .Sx \&Ao . -. .Ss \&Ar Command arguments. If an argument is not provided, the string .Dq file ... @@ -1052,7 +958,6 @@ Examples: .D1 \&.Fl o \&Ns \&Ar file1 .D1 \&.Ar .D1 \&.Ar arg1 , arg2 . -. .Ss \&At Formats an AT&T version. Accepts at most one parameter: .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset indent @@ -1079,12 +984,10 @@ See also .Sx \&Ox , and .Sx \&Ux . -. .Ss \&Bc Closes a .Sx \&Bo block. Does not have any tail arguments. -. .Ss \&Bd Begins a display block. A display is collection of macros or text which may be collectively offset or justified in a manner different from that @@ -1163,7 +1066,6 @@ See also .Sx \&D1 and .Sx \&Dl . -. .Ss \&Bf .Ss \&Bk .Ss \&Bl @@ -1233,7 +1135,6 @@ Examples: .Pp See also .Sx \&Bq . -. .Ss \&Bq Encloses its arguments in square brackets. .Pp @@ -1250,12 +1151,10 @@ and .Pp See also .Sx \&Bo . -. .Ss \&Brc Closes a .Sx \&Bro block. Does not have any tail arguments. -. .Ss \&Bro Begins a block enclosed by curly braces. Does not have any head arguments. @@ -1268,7 +1167,6 @@ Examples: .Pp See also .Sx \&Brq . -. .Ss \&Brq Encloses its arguments in curly braces. .Pp @@ -1277,7 +1175,6 @@ Examples: .Pp See also .Sx \&Bro . -. .Ss \&Bsx Format the BSD/OS version provided as an argument, or a default value if no argument is provided. @@ -1295,11 +1192,9 @@ See also .Sx \&Ox , and .Sx \&Ux . -. .Ss \&Bt Prints .Dq is currently in beta test. -. .Ss \&Bx Format the BSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if no argument is provided. @@ -1317,7 +1212,6 @@ See also .Sx \&Ox , and .Sx \&Ux . -. .Ss \&Cd Configuration declaration. This denotes strings accepted by .Xr config 8 . @@ -1330,7 +1224,6 @@ this macro is commonly abused by using quoted literals to retain white-space and align consecutive .Sx \&Cd declarations. This practise is discouraged. -. .Ss \&Cm Command modifiers. Useful when specifying configuration options or keys. @@ -1341,7 +1234,6 @@ Examples: .Pp See also .Sx \&Fl . -. .Ss \&D1 One-line indented display. This is formatted by the default rules and is useful for simple indented statements. It is followed by a newline. @@ -1353,13 +1245,11 @@ See also .Sx \&Bd and .Sx \&Dl . -. .Ss \&Db .Ss \&Dc Closes a .Sx \&Do block. Does not have any tail arguments. -. .Ss \&Dd Document date. This is the mandatory first macro of any .Nm @@ -1386,7 +1276,6 @@ See also .Sx \&Dt and .Sx \&Os . -. .Ss \&Dl One-line intended display. This is formatted as literal text and is useful for commands and invocations. It is followed by a newline. @@ -1398,7 +1287,6 @@ See also .Sx \&Bd and .Sx \&D1 . -. .Ss \&Do Begins a block enclosed by double quotes. Does not have any head arguments. @@ -1408,7 +1296,6 @@ Examples: .Pp See also .Sx \&Dq . -. .Ss \&Dq Encloses its arguments in double quotes. .Pp @@ -1420,7 +1307,6 @@ Examples: .Pp See also .Sx \&Do . -. .Ss \&Dt Document title. This is the mandatory second macro of any .Nm @@ -1544,7 +1430,6 @@ See also .Sx \&Dd and .Sx \&Os . -. .Ss \&Dv Defined variables such as preprocessor constants. .Pp @@ -1554,7 +1439,6 @@ Examples: .Pp See also .Sx \&Er . -. .Ss \&Dx Format the DragonFly BSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if no argument is provided. @@ -1572,13 +1456,11 @@ See also .Sx \&Ox , and .Sx \&Ux . -. .Ss \&Ec .Ss \&Ed .Ss \&Ef .Ss \&Ek .Ss \&El -. .Ss \&Em Denotes text that should be emphasised. Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for stylistically decorating @@ -1587,7 +1469,6 @@ technical terms. Examples: .D1 \&.Em Warnings! .D1 \&.Em Remarks : -. .Ss \&En .Ss \&Eo .Ss \&Er @@ -1599,9 +1480,7 @@ Examples: .Pp See also .Sx \&Dv . -. .Ss \&Es -. .Ss \&Ev Environmental variables such as those specified in .Xr environ 7 . @@ -1609,7 +1488,6 @@ Environmental variables such as those specified in Examples: .D1 \&.Ev DISPLAY .D1 \&.Ev PATH -. .Ss \&Ex Inserts text regarding a utility's exit values. This macro must have first the @@ -1640,7 +1518,6 @@ Examples: .Pp See also .Sx \&Cm . -. .Ss \&Fn .Ss \&Fo .Ss \&Fr @@ -1662,7 +1539,6 @@ See also .Sx \&Ox , and .Sx \&Ux . -. .Ss \&Hf .Ss \&Ic .Ss \&In @@ -1680,7 +1556,6 @@ Examples: .Pp See also .Sx \&Mt . -. .Ss \&Lp .Ss \&Ms .Ss \&Mt @@ -1705,7 +1580,6 @@ See also .Sx \&Ox , and .Sx \&Ux . -. .Ss \&Oc .Ss \&Oo .Ss \&Op @@ -1732,13 +1606,11 @@ See also .Sx \&Dd and .Sx \&Dt . -. .Ss \&Ot Unknown usage. .Pp .Em Remarks : this macro has been deprecated. -. .Ss \&Ox Format the OpenBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if no argument is provided. @@ -1756,7 +1628,6 @@ See also .Sx \&Nx , and .Sx \&Ux . -. .Ss \&Pa .Ss \&Pc .Ss \&Pf @@ -1767,12 +1638,10 @@ and .Ss \&Ql .Ss \&Qo .Ss \&Qq -. .Ss \&Re Closes a .Sx \&Rs block. Does not have any tail arguments. -. .Ss \&Rs Begins a bibliographic .Pq Dq reference @@ -1811,7 +1680,6 @@ If an block is used within a SEE ALSO section, a vertical space is asserted before the rendered output, else the block continues on the current line. -. .Ss \&Rv .Ss \&Sc .Ss \&Sh @@ -1839,7 +1707,6 @@ See also .Sx \&Nx , and .Sx \&Ox . -. .Ss \&Va .Ss \&Vt A variable type. This is also used for indicating global variables in the @@ -1863,16 +1730,13 @@ See also .Sx \&Ft and .Sx \&Va . -. .Ss \&Xc Close a scope opened by .Sx \&Xo . -. .Ss \&Xo Open an extension scope. This macro originally existed to extend the 9-argument limit of troff; since this limit has been lifted, the macro has been deprecated. -. .Ss \&Xr Link to another manual .Pq Qq cross-reference . @@ -1896,11 +1760,8 @@ Examples: .D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 .D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 ; .D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&Ns s behaviour -. .Ss \&br .Ss \&sp -. -. .Sh COMPATIBILITY This section documents compatibility between mandoc and other other troff implementations, at this time limited to GNU troff @@ -1911,24 +1772,20 @@ refers to groff versions before the .Pa doc.tmac file re-write .Pq somewhere between 1.15 and 1.19 . -. .Pp Heirloom troff, the other significant troff implementation accepting \-mdoc, is similar to historic groff. -. .Pp .Bl -dash -compact .It The comment syntax .Sq \e." is no longer accepted. -. .It In groff, the .Sx \&Pa macro does not format its arguments when used in the FILES section under certain list types. mandoc does. -. .It Historic groff does not print a dash for empty .Sx \&Fl @@ -1938,18 +1795,15 @@ groff behaves irregularly when specifying .Sq \ef .Sx Text Decoration within line-macro scopes. mandoc follows a consistent system. -. .It In mandoc, negative scaling units are truncated to zero; groff would move to prior lines. Furthermore, the .Sq f scaling unit, while accepted, is rendered as the default unit. -. .It In quoted literals, groff allowed pair-wise double-quotes to produce a standalone double-quote in formatted output. This idiosyncratic behaviour is not applicable in mandoc. -. .It Display types .Sx \&Bd @@ -1969,42 +1823,35 @@ are aliases, as are .Fl literal and .Fl unfilled . -. .It In mandoc, blocks of whitespace are stripped from both macro and free-form text lines (except when in literal mode); groff would retain whitespace in free-form text lines. -. .It Historic groff has many un-callable macros. Most of these (excluding some block-level macros) are now callable. -. .It The vertical bar .Sq \(ba made historic groff .Qq go orbital but has been a proper delimiter since then. -. .It .Sx \&It Fl nested is assumed for all lists (it wasn't in historic groff): any list may be nested and .Fl enum lists will restart the sequence only for the sub-list. -. .It Some manuals use .Sx \&Li incorrectly by following it with a reserved character and expecting the delimiter to render. This is not supported in mandoc. -. .It In groff, the .Sx \&Fo macro only produces the first parameter. This is not the case in mandoc. -. .It In groff, the .Sx \&Cd , @@ -2014,18 +1861,14 @@ and macros were stipulated only to occur in certain manual sections. mandoc does not have these restrictions. .El -. -. .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr mandoc 1 , .Xr mandoc_char 7 -. -. .Sh AUTHORS The .Nm reference was written by -.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@kth.se . +.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@bsd.lv . .\" .\" XXX: this really isn't the place for these caveats. .\" . |