-.\"
-.\" (c) Copyright 1995 Wolfram Schneider. All rights reserved.
+.\" Copyright (c) 1995-1996 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.org>. Berlin.
+.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\" This product includes software developed by Wolfram Schneider
-.\" 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
-.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
-.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
-.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
-.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
-.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\" /usr/sbin/adduser - add new user(s)
.\"
-.\" Bugs: sure (my english!)
-.\" Email: Wolfram Schneider <wosch@cs.tu-berlin.de>
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
-.\" $Id: adduser.8,v 1.5 1995/01/09 11:26:30 jkh Exp $
-.\"
-
+.\" $Id: adduser.8,v 1.19 1997/02/22 16:01:17 peter Exp $
.Dd Jan, 9, 1995
.Dt ADDUSER 8
.Os FreeBSD 2.1
.Sh NAME
.Nm adduser
.Nd command for adding new users
-
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm adduser
+.Oo
+.Fl batch Ar username
+.Op Ar group Ns , Ns Op Ar group,...
+.Op Ar class
+.Op Ar fullname
+.Op Ar password
+.Oc
+.br
+.Op Fl check_only
+.br
+.Op Fl class Ar login_class
+.br
+.Op Fl config_create
+.br
+.Op Fl dotdir Ar dotdir
+.br
+.Op Fl group Ar login_group
+.br
+.Op Fl h | help
+.br
+.Op Fl home Ar home
+.br
+.Op Fl message Ar message_file
+.br
+.Op Fl noconfig
+.br
+.Op Fl shell Ar shell
+.br
+.Op Fl s | silent | q | quiet
+.br
+.Op Fl uid Ar uid_start
+.br
+.Op Fl v | verbose
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Adduser
is a simple program for adding new users. Adduser checks
-the passwd, group and shell database files. It create a passwd/group entry,
-HOME directory, copies dotfiles and sends the new user a welcome message.
-
+the passwd, group and shell databases. It creates passwd/group entries,
+HOME-directory, dotfiles and sends the new user a welcome message.
.Sh RESTRICTIONS
.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
.It Sy username
-Login name may be only lowercase characters or digits.
+Login name. May contain only lowercase characters or digits. Maximum length
+is 16 characters (see
+.Xr setlogin 2
+BUGS section).
+The reasons for this limit are "Historical".
+Given that people have traditionally wanted to break this
+limit for aesthetic reasons, it's never been of great importance to break
+such a basic fundamental parameter in UNIX.
+You can change
+.Dv UT_NAMESIZE
+in
+.Pa /usr/include/utmp.h
+and recompile the
+world; people have done this and it works, but you will have problems
+with any precompiled programs, or source that assumes the 8-character
+name limit and NIS. The NIS protocol mandates an 8-character username.
+If you need a longer login name for e-mail addresses,
+you can define an alias in
+.Pa /etc/aliases .
.It Sy fullname
-First and last name.
+Firstname and surname.
+The
.Ql Pa \:
-not allowed.
+character is not allowed.
.It Sy shell
-Only valid shells from shell database.
+Only valid shells from the shell database or sliplogin and pppd
.It Sy uid
-Automatically generated.
-.It Sy gid
-Automatically generated. Gid and uid are equal (if possible). Groupname
-is the same as username.
+Automatically generated or your choice, must be less than 32000.
+.It Sy gid/login group
+Your choice or automatically generated.
+.It Sy password
+If not empty, password is encoded with
+.Xr crypt 3 .
.El
-
+.Sh UNIQUE GROUPS
+Perhaps you're missing what
+.Em can
+be done with this scheme that falls apart
+with most other schemes. With each user in his/her own group the user can
+safely run with a umask of 002 and have files created in their home directory
+and not worry about others being able to read them.
+.Pp
+For a shared area you create a separate uid/gid (like cvs or ncvs on freefall),
+you place each person that should be able to access this area into that new
+group.
+.Pp
+This model of uid/gid administration allows far greater flexibility than lumping
+users into groups and having to muck with the umask when working in a shared
+area.
+.Pp
+I have been using this model for almost 10 years and found that it works
+for most situations, and has never gotten in the way. (Rod Grimes)
.Sh CONFIGURATION
.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
.It Sy 1.
.It Sy 3.
Parse command line options
.El
-
.Sh OPTIONS
.Bl -tag -width Ds
-.It Fl help
-Print options and exit.
-.It Fl silent
-Few warnings, question, bug reports.
-.It Fl verbose
-Many warnings and questions. Recommended for novice users.
-.It Fl debug
-Debuging.
-.It Fl noconfig
-Do not read config file.
-.It Fl home Ar partition
-Default home partition where all users located.
-.It Fl shell Ar shell
-Default shell for new users.
-.It Fl dotdir Ar directory
-Copy files from .Ar directory into the HOME directory of new users.
+.It Sy -batch username [group[,group]...] [class] [fullname] [password]
+Batch mode.
+.It Sy -check_only
+Check /etc/passwd, /etc/group, /etc/shells and exit.
+.It Sy -class Ar login_class
+Set default login class
+.It Sy -create_config
+Create new config and message file and exit.
+.It Sy -dotdir Ar directory
+Copy files from
+.Ar directory
+into the HOME-directory of new users,
.Ql Pa dot.foo
files renamed to
-.Ql Pa .foo
+.Ql Pa .foo .
Don't copy files if
.Ar directory
-equal with
-.Ar no
-.It Fl message Ar file
+specified is equal to
+.Ar no .
+For security make all files writable and readable for owner,
+don't allow group or world to write files and allow only owner
+to read/execute/write
+.Pa .rhost ,
+.Pa .Xauthority ,
+.Pa .kermrc ,
+.Pa .netrc ,
+.Pa Mail ,
+.Pa prv ,
+.Pa iscreen ,
+.Pa term .
+.It Sy -group Ar login_group
+Login group.
+.Ar USER
+means use username as login group.
+.It Sy -help,-h,-?
+Print options and exit.
+.It Sy -home Ar partition
+Default home partition where all users located.
+.It Sy -message Ar file
Send new users a welcome message.
Don't send message if
.Ar file
equal with
-.Ar no
-.It Fl create_conf
-Create new config and message file and exit.
-
+.Ar no .
+.It Sy -noconfig
+Do not read config file.
+.It Sy -shell Ar shell
+Default shell for new users.
+.It Sy -silent,-s,-quiet,-q
+Few warnings, questions, bug reports.
+.It Sy -uid Ar uid
+Use uid's from
+.Ar uid
+on up.
+.It Sy -verbose,-v
+Many warnings, questions. Recommended for novice users.
.Sh FORMATS
.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
.Ql Pa #
-is a commemt.
-
-.P
+is a comment.
.It Sy config file
.Nm Adduser
-read and write this file.
-See /etc/adduser.conf for more details.
+reads and writes this file.
+See
+.Pa /etc/adduser.conf
+for more details.
.It Sy message file
-Eval variables in this file. See /etc/adduser.message for more
+Eval variables in this file. See
+.Pa /etc/adduser.message
+for more
details.
.El
-
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+.Pp
+$ adduser
+.Pp
+Start adduser in interactive mode.
+.Pp
+$ adduser -batch baerenklau guest,staff,baer '' 'Teddy II' qwerty7
+.Pp
+Create user 'baerenklau' and login group 'baerenklau'. Invite user
+baerenklau into groups guest, staff and baer. Use default login class.
+Realname (fullname)
+is 'Teddy II'. Password is 'qwerty7' (don't use such passwords!). Create
+HOME directory
+.Pa /home/baerenklau
+and copy all files and directories
+from
+.Pa /usr/share/skel
+to
+.Pa /home/baerenklau .
+Send user baerenklau
+a welcome message.
+.Pp
+$ adduser -uid 5000 -group guest -message no -batch vehlefanz
+.Pp
+Create user 'vehlefanz'. Login group is guest. Uid next available uid
+after 5000, for instance 5007. No other groups, no realname, no password.
+Do not send a welcome message.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /etc/master.passwdxx -compact
.It Pa /etc/master.passwd
group database
.It Pa /etc/shells
shell database
+.It Pa /etc/login.conf
+login classes database
.It Pa /etc/adduser.conf
config file for adduser
.It Pa /etc/adduser.message
.It Pa /var/log/adduser
logfile for adduser
.El
-
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr chpass 1 ,
.Xr finger 1 ,
.Xr passwd 1 ,
+.Xr setlogin 2 ,
+.Xr yp 4 ,
.Xr aliases 5 ,
-.Xr passwd 5 ,
.Xr group 5 ,
+.Xr login.conf 5 ,
+.Xr passwd 5 ,
.Xr shells 5 ,
+.Xr addgroup 8 ,
.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 ,
+.Xr rmgroup 8 ,
+.Xr rmuser 8 ,
.Xr vipw 8
-
.\" .Sh BUGS
-
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
-command appeared in FreeBSD 2.1
-
-.\" .Sh AUTHOR
-.\" Wolfram Schneider, Berlin
+command appeared in
+.Fx 2.1 .
git.ckatri.com / pw-darwin.git / blobdiff