]> git.cameronkatri.com Git - pw-darwin.git/blobdiff - pw/pw_user.c
Let the afterinstall target ignore failures from running chflags. This
[pw-darwin.git] / pw / pw_user.c
index 652a21b420f27d9cc94ed17535171c7e5cd6c146..c8364cad51f4298df03c28c651b04dc65b7afe93 100644 (file)
  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  * SUCH DAMAGE.
- *
- *     $Id: pw_user.c,v 1.21 1997/06/14 00:23:49 ache Exp $
+ * 
  */
 
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
+#ifndef lint
+static const char rcsid[] =
+  "$FreeBSD$";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
 #include <ctype.h>
-#include <paths.h>
+#include <err.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
 #include <sys/param.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
+#include <paths.h>
 #include <termios.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <sys/resource.h>
-#include <utmp.h>
-#if defined(USE_MD5RAND)
-#include <md5.h>
-#endif
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <login_cap.h>
 #include "pw.h"
 #include "bitmap.h"
-#include "pwupd.h"
 
-#if (MAXLOGNAME-1) > UT_NAMESIZE
-#define LOGNAMESIZE UT_NAMESIZE
-#else
 #define LOGNAMESIZE (MAXLOGNAME-1)
-#endif
 
-static          randinit;
+static         char locked_str[] = "*LOCKED*";
 
-static int      print_user(struct passwd * pwd, int pretty);
+static int      print_user(struct passwd * pwd, int pretty, int v7);
 static uid_t    pw_uidpolicy(struct userconf * cnf, struct cargs * args);
 static uid_t    pw_gidpolicy(struct userconf * cnf, struct cargs * args, char *nam, gid_t prefer);
 static time_t   pw_pwdpolicy(struct userconf * cnf, struct cargs * args);
@@ -62,7 +59,7 @@ static char    *pw_shellpolicy(struct userconf * cnf, struct cargs * args, char
 static char    *pw_password(struct userconf * cnf, struct cargs * args, char const * user);
 static char    *shell_path(char const * path, char *shells[], char *sh);
 static void     rmat(uid_t uid);
-static void    rmskey(char const * name);
+static void     rmopie(char const * name);
 
 /*-
  * -C config      configuration file
@@ -81,6 +78,7 @@ static void   rmskey(char const * name);
  * -L class       user class
  * -l name        new login name
  * -h fd          password filehandle
+ * -H fd          encrypted password filehandle
  * -F             force print or add
  *   Setting defaults:
  * -D             set user defaults
@@ -98,8 +96,9 @@ static void   rmskey(char const * name);
 int
 pw_user(struct userconf * cnf, int mode, struct cargs * args)
 {
-       int             r, r1;
+       int             rc, edited = 0;
        char           *p = NULL;
+       char                                     *passtmp;
        struct carg    *a_name;
        struct carg    *a_uid;
        struct carg    *arg;
@@ -107,6 +106,10 @@ pw_user(struct userconf * cnf, int mode, struct cargs * args)
        struct group   *grp;
        struct stat     st;
        char            line[_PASSWORD_LEN+1];
+       FILE           *fp;
+       mode_t dmode;
+       char *dmode_c;
+       void *set = NULL;
 
        static struct passwd fakeuser =
        {
@@ -117,11 +120,15 @@ pw_user(struct userconf * cnf, int mode, struct cargs * args)
                0,
                "",
                "User &",
+               "/nonexistent",
                "/bin/sh",
-               0,
                0
+#if defined(__FreeBSD__)
+               ,0
+#endif
        };
 
+
        /*
         * With M_NEXT, we only need to return the
         * next uid to stdout
@@ -144,6 +151,16 @@ pw_user(struct userconf * cnf, int mode, struct cargs * args)
                cnf->home = arg->val;
        }
 
+       if ((arg = getarg(args, 'M')) != NULL) {
+               dmode_c = arg->val;
+               if ((set = setmode(dmode_c)) == NULL)
+                       errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid directory creation mode '%s'",
+                           dmode_c);
+               dmode = getmode(set, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
+               free(set);
+               cnf->homemode = dmode;
+       }
+
        /*
         * If we'll need to use it or we're updating it,
         * then create the base home directory if necessary
@@ -155,7 +172,7 @@ pw_user(struct userconf * cnf, int mode, struct cargs * args)
                        cnf->home[--l] = '\0';
 
                if (l < 2 || *cnf->home != '/')         /* Check for absolute path name */
-                       cmderr(EX_DATAERR, "invalid base directory for home '%s'\n", cnf->home);
+                       errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid base directory for home '%s'", cnf->home);
 
                if (stat(cnf->home, &st) == -1) {
                        char    dbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
@@ -169,37 +186,40 @@ pw_user(struct userconf * cnf, int mode, struct cargs * args)
                        if (strchr(cnf->home+1, '/') == NULL) {
                                strcpy(dbuf, "/usr");
                                strncat(dbuf, cnf->home, MAXPATHLEN-5);
-                               if (mkdir(dbuf, 0755) != -1 || errno == EEXIST) {
+                               if (mkdir(dbuf, cnf->homemode) != -1 || errno == EEXIST) {
                                        chown(dbuf, 0, 0);
-                                       symlink(dbuf, cnf->home);
+                                       /*
+                                        * Skip first "/" and create symlink:
+                                        * /home -> usr/home
+                                        */
+                                       symlink(dbuf+1, cnf->home);
                                }
                                /* If this falls, fall back to old method */
                        }
-                       p = strncpy(dbuf, cnf->home, sizeof dbuf);
-                       dbuf[MAXPATHLEN-1] = '\0';
+                       strlcpy(dbuf, cnf->home, sizeof(dbuf));
+                       p = dbuf;
                        if (stat(dbuf, &st) == -1) {
                                while ((p = strchr(++p, '/')) != NULL) {
                                        *p = '\0';
                                        if (stat(dbuf, &st) == -1) {
-                                               if (mkdir(dbuf, 0755) == -1)
+                                               if (mkdir(dbuf, cnf->homemode) == -1)
                                                        goto direrr;
                                                chown(dbuf, 0, 0);
                                        } else if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
-                                               cmderr(EX_OSFILE, "'%s' (root home parent) is not a directory\n", dbuf);
+                                               errx(EX_OSFILE, "'%s' (root home parent) is not a directory", dbuf);
                                        *p = '/';
                                }
                        }
                        if (stat(dbuf, &st) == -1) {
-                               if (mkdir(dbuf, 0755) == -1) {
-                               direrr: cmderr(EX_OSFILE, "mkdir '%s': %s\n", dbuf, strerror(errno));
+                               if (mkdir(dbuf, cnf->homemode) == -1) {
+                               direrr: err(EX_OSFILE, "mkdir '%s'", dbuf);
                                }
                                chown(dbuf, 0, 0);
                        }
                } else if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
-                       cmderr(EX_OSFILE, "root home `%s' is not a directory\n", cnf->home);
+                       errx(EX_OSFILE, "root home `%s' is not a directory", cnf->home);
        }
 
-
        if ((arg = getarg(args, 'e')) != NULL)
                cnf->expire_days = atoi(arg->val);
 
@@ -210,23 +230,26 @@ pw_user(struct userconf * cnf, int mode, struct cargs * args)
                cnf->password_days = atoi(arg->val);
 
        if ((arg = getarg(args, 'g')) != NULL) {
-               p = arg->val;
-               if ((grp = getgrnam(p)) == NULL) {
-                       if (!isdigit(*p) || (grp = getgrgid((gid_t) atoi(p))) == NULL)
-                               cmderr(EX_NOUSER, "group `%s' does not exist\n", p);
+               if (!*(p = arg->val))   /* Handle empty group list specially */
+                       cnf->default_group = "";
+               else {
+                       if ((grp = GETGRNAM(p)) == NULL) {
+                               if (!isdigit((unsigned char)*p) || (grp = GETGRGID((gid_t) atoi(p))) == NULL)
+                                       errx(EX_NOUSER, "group `%s' does not exist", p);
+                       }
+                       cnf->default_group = newstr(grp->gr_name);
                }
-               cnf->default_group = newstr(grp->gr_name);
        }
        if ((arg = getarg(args, 'L')) != NULL)
                cnf->default_class = pw_checkname((u_char *)arg->val, 0);
 
        if ((arg = getarg(args, 'G')) != NULL && arg->val) {
-               int             i = 0;
+               int i = 0;
 
                for (p = strtok(arg->val, ", \t"); p != NULL; p = strtok(NULL, ", \t")) {
-                       if ((grp = getgrnam(p)) == NULL) {
-                               if (!isdigit(*p) || (grp = getgrgid((gid_t) atoi(p))) == NULL)
-                                       cmderr(EX_NOUSER, "group `%s' does not exist\n", p);
+                       if ((grp = GETGRNAM(p)) == NULL) {
+                               if (!isdigit((unsigned char)*p) || (grp = GETGRGID((gid_t) atoi(p))) == NULL)
+                                       errx(EX_NOUSER, "group `%s' does not exist", p);
                        }
                        if (extendarray(&cnf->groups, &cnf->numgroups, i + 2) != -1)
                                cnf->groups[i++] = newstr(grp->gr_name);
@@ -234,16 +257,20 @@ pw_user(struct userconf * cnf, int mode, struct cargs * args)
                while (i < cnf->numgroups)
                        cnf->groups[i++] = NULL;
        }
+
        if ((arg = getarg(args, 'k')) != NULL) {
                if (stat(cnf->dotdir = arg->val, &st) == -1 || !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
-                       cmderr(EX_OSFILE, "skeleton `%s' is not a directory or does not exist\n", cnf->dotdir);
+                       errx(EX_OSFILE, "skeleton `%s' is not a directory or does not exist", cnf->dotdir);
        }
+
        if ((arg = getarg(args, 's')) != NULL)
                cnf->shell_default = arg->val;
 
+       if ((arg = getarg(args, 'w')) != NULL)
+               cnf->default_password = boolean_val(arg->val, cnf->default_password);
        if (mode == M_ADD && getarg(args, 'D')) {
                if (getarg(args, 'n') != NULL)
-                       cmderr(EX_DATAERR, "can't combine `-D' with `-n name'\n");
+                       errx(EX_DATAERR, "can't combine `-D' with `-n name'");
                if ((arg = getarg(args, 'u')) != NULL && (p = strtok(arg->val, ", \t")) != NULL) {
                        if ((cnf->min_uid = (uid_t) atoi(p)) == 0)
                                cnf->min_uid = 1000;
@@ -256,195 +283,301 @@ pw_user(struct userconf * cnf, int mode, struct cargs * args)
                        if ((p = strtok(NULL, " ,\t")) == NULL || (cnf->max_gid = (gid_t) atoi(p)) < cnf->min_gid)
                                cnf->max_gid = 32000;
                }
-               if ((arg = getarg(args, 'w')) != NULL)
-                       cnf->default_password = boolean_val(arg->val, cnf->default_password);
 
                arg = getarg(args, 'C');
                if (write_userconfig(arg ? arg->val : NULL))
                        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
-               perror("config update");
+               warn("config update");
                return EX_IOERR;
        }
+
        if (mode == M_PRINT && getarg(args, 'a')) {
                int             pretty = getarg(args, 'P') != NULL;
+               int             v7 = getarg(args, '7') != NULL;
 
-               setpwent();
-               while ((pwd = getpwent()) != NULL)
-                       print_user(pwd, pretty);
-               endpwent();
+               SETPWENT();
+               while ((pwd = GETPWENT()) != NULL)
+                       print_user(pwd, pretty, v7);
+               ENDPWENT();
                return EXIT_SUCCESS;
        }
+
        if ((a_name = getarg(args, 'n')) != NULL)
-               pwd = getpwnam(pw_checkname((u_char *)a_name->val, 0));
+               pwd = GETPWNAM(pw_checkname((u_char *)a_name->val, 0));
        a_uid = getarg(args, 'u');
 
        if (a_uid == NULL) {
                if (a_name == NULL)
-                       cmderr(EX_DATAERR, "user name or id required\n");
+                       errx(EX_DATAERR, "user name or id required");
 
                /*
                 * Determine whether 'n' switch is name or uid - we don't
                 * really don't really care which we have, but we need to
                 * know.
                 */
-               if (mode != M_ADD && pwd == NULL && isdigit(*a_name->val) && atoi(a_name->val) > 0) {   /* Assume uid */
+               if (mode != M_ADD && pwd == NULL
+                   && strspn(a_name->val, "0123456789") == strlen(a_name->val)
+                   && atoi(a_name->val) > 0) { /* Assume uid */
                        (a_uid = a_name)->ch = 'u';
                        a_name = NULL;
                }
        }
+
        /*
         * Update, delete & print require that the user exists
         */
-       if (mode == M_UPDATE || mode == M_DELETE || mode == M_PRINT) {
+       if (mode == M_UPDATE || mode == M_DELETE ||
+           mode == M_PRINT  || mode == M_LOCK   || mode == M_UNLOCK) {
+
                if (a_name == NULL && pwd == NULL)      /* Try harder */
-                       pwd = getpwuid(atoi(a_uid->val));
+                       pwd = GETPWUID(atoi(a_uid->val));
 
                if (pwd == NULL) {
                        if (mode == M_PRINT && getarg(args, 'F')) {
                                fakeuser.pw_name = a_name ? a_name->val : "nouser";
                                fakeuser.pw_uid = a_uid ? (uid_t) atol(a_uid->val) : -1;
-                               return print_user(&fakeuser, getarg(args, 'P') != NULL);
+                               return print_user(&fakeuser,
+                                                 getarg(args, 'P') != NULL,
+                                                 getarg(args, '7') != NULL);
                        }
                        if (a_name == NULL)
-                               cmderr(EX_NOUSER, "no such uid `%s'\n", a_uid->val);
-                       cmderr(EX_NOUSER, "no such user `%s'\n", a_name->val);
+                               errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such uid `%s'", a_uid->val);
+                       errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such user `%s'", a_name->val);
                }
+
                if (a_name == NULL)     /* May be needed later */
                        a_name = addarg(args, 'n', newstr(pwd->pw_name));
 
                /*
-                * Handle deletions now
+                * The M_LOCK and M_UNLOCK functions simply add or remove
+                * a "*LOCKED*" prefix from in front of the password to
+                * prevent it decoding correctly, and therefore prevents
+                * access. Of course, this only prevents access via
+                * password authentication (not ssh, kerberos or any
+                * other method that does not use the UNIX password) but
+                * that is a known limitation.
                 */
-               if (mode == M_DELETE) {
+
+               if (mode == M_LOCK) {
+                       if (strncmp(pwd->pw_passwd, locked_str, sizeof(locked_str)-1) == 0)
+                               errx(EX_DATAERR, "user '%s' is already locked", pwd->pw_name);
+                       passtmp = malloc(strlen(pwd->pw_passwd) + sizeof(locked_str));
+                       if (passtmp == NULL)    /* disaster */
+                               errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "out of memory");
+                       strcpy(passtmp, locked_str);
+                       strcat(passtmp, pwd->pw_passwd);
+                       pwd->pw_passwd = passtmp;
+                       edited = 1;
+               } else if (mode == M_UNLOCK) {
+                       if (strncmp(pwd->pw_passwd, locked_str, sizeof(locked_str)-1) != 0)
+                               errx(EX_DATAERR, "user '%s' is not locked", pwd->pw_name);
+                       pwd->pw_passwd += sizeof(locked_str)-1;
+                       edited = 1;
+               } else if (mode == M_DELETE) {
+                       /*
+                        * Handle deletions now
+                        */
                        char            file[MAXPATHLEN];
                        char            home[MAXPATHLEN];
                        uid_t           uid = pwd->pw_uid;
 
                        if (strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") == 0)
-                               cmderr(EX_DATAERR, "cannot remove user 'root'\n");
-
-                       /*
-                        * Remove skey record from /etc/skeykeys
-                        */
-
-                       rmskey(pwd->pw_name);
-
-                       /*
-                        * Remove crontabs
-                        */
-                       sprintf(file, "/var/cron/tabs/%s", pwd->pw_name);
-                       if (access(file, F_OK) == 0) {
-                               sprintf(file, "crontab -u %s -r", pwd->pw_name);
-                               system(file);
+                               errx(EX_DATAERR, "cannot remove user 'root'");
+
+                       if (!PWALTDIR()) {
+                               /*
+                                * Remove opie record from /etc/opiekeys
+                                */
+
+                               rmopie(pwd->pw_name);
+
+                               /*
+                                * Remove crontabs
+                                */
+                               sprintf(file, "/var/cron/tabs/%s", pwd->pw_name);
+                               if (access(file, F_OK) == 0) {
+                                       sprintf(file, "crontab -u %s -r", pwd->pw_name);
+                                       system(file);
+                               }
                        }
                        /*
                         * Save these for later, since contents of pwd may be
                         * invalidated by deletion
                         */
                        sprintf(file, "%s/%s", _PATH_MAILDIR, pwd->pw_name);
-                       strncpy(home, pwd->pw_dir, sizeof home);
-                       home[sizeof home - 1] = '\0';
+                       strlcpy(home, pwd->pw_dir, sizeof(home));
 
-                       if (!delpwent(pwd))
-                               cmderr(EX_IOERR, "Error updating passwd file: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+                       rc = delpwent(pwd);
+                       if (rc == -1)
+                               err(EX_IOERR, "user '%s' does not exist", pwd->pw_name);
+                       else if (rc != 0) {
+                               warn("passwd update");
+                               return EX_IOERR;
+                       }
+
+                       if (cnf->nispasswd && *cnf->nispasswd=='/') {
+                               rc = delnispwent(cnf->nispasswd, a_name->val);
+                               if (rc == -1)
+                                       warnx("WARNING: user '%s' does not exist in NIS passwd", pwd->pw_name);
+                               else if (rc != 0)
+                                       warn("WARNING: NIS passwd update");
+                               /* non-fatal */
+                       }
 
-                       if (cnf->nispasswd && *cnf->nispasswd=='/' && !delnispwent(cnf->nispasswd, a_name->val))
-                               perror("WARNING: NIS passwd update");
-                               
                        editgroups(a_name->val, NULL);
 
                        pw_log(cnf, mode, W_USER, "%s(%ld) account removed", a_name->val, (long) uid);
 
-                       /*
-                        * Remove mail file
-                        */
-                       remove(file);
-
-                       /*
-                        * Remove at jobs
-                        */
-                       if (getpwuid(uid) == NULL)
-                               rmat(uid);
-
-                       /*
-                        * Remove home directory and contents
-                        */
-                       if (getarg(args, 'r') != NULL && *home == '/' && getpwuid(uid) == NULL) {
-                               if (stat(home, &st) != -1) {
-                                       rm_r(home, uid);
-                                       pw_log(cnf, mode, W_USER, "%s(%ld) home '%s' %sremoved",
-                                              a_name->val, (long) uid, home,
-                                              stat(home, &st) == -1 ? "" : "not completely ");
+                       if (!PWALTDIR()) {
+                               /*
+                                * Remove mail file
+                                */
+                               remove(file);
+
+                               /*
+                                * Remove at jobs
+                                */
+                               if (getpwuid(uid) == NULL)
+                                       rmat(uid);
+
+                               /*
+                                * Remove home directory and contents
+                                */
+                               if (getarg(args, 'r') != NULL && *home == '/' && getpwuid(uid) == NULL) {
+                                       if (stat(home, &st) != -1) {
+                                               rm_r(home, uid);
+                                               pw_log(cnf, mode, W_USER, "%s(%ld) home '%s' %sremoved",
+                                                      a_name->val, (long) uid, home,
+                                                      stat(home, &st) == -1 ? "" : "not completely ");
+                                       }
                                }
                        }
                        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
                } else if (mode == M_PRINT)
-                       return print_user(pwd, getarg(args, 'P') != NULL);
+                       return print_user(pwd,
+                                         getarg(args, 'P') != NULL,
+                                         getarg(args, '7') != NULL);
 
                /*
                 * The rest is edit code
                 */
                if ((arg = getarg(args, 'l')) != NULL) {
                        if (strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") == 0)
-                               cmderr(EX_DATAERR, "can't rename `root' account\n");
+                               errx(EX_DATAERR, "can't rename `root' account");
                        pwd->pw_name = pw_checkname((u_char *)arg->val, 0);
+                       edited = 1;
                }
-               if ((arg = getarg(args, 'u')) != NULL && isdigit(*arg->val)) {
+
+               if ((arg = getarg(args, 'u')) != NULL && isdigit((unsigned char)*arg->val)) {
                        pwd->pw_uid = (uid_t) atol(arg->val);
+                       edited = 1;
                        if (pwd->pw_uid != 0 && strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") == 0)
-                               cmderr(EX_DATAERR, "can't change uid of `root' account\n");
+                               errx(EX_DATAERR, "can't change uid of `root' account");
                        if (pwd->pw_uid == 0 && strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") != 0)
-                               fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: account `%s' will have a uid of 0 (superuser access!)\n", pwd->pw_name);
+                               warnx("WARNING: account `%s' will have a uid of 0 (superuser access!)", pwd->pw_name);
+               }
+
+               if ((arg = getarg(args, 'g')) != NULL && pwd->pw_uid != 0) {    /* Already checked this */
+                       gid_t newgid = (gid_t) GETGRNAM(cnf->default_group)->gr_gid;
+                       if (newgid != pwd->pw_gid) {
+                               edited = 1;
+                               pwd->pw_gid = newgid;
+                       }
                }
-               if ((arg = getarg(args, 'g')) != NULL && pwd->pw_uid != 0)      /* Already checked this */
-                       pwd->pw_gid = (gid_t) getgrnam(cnf->default_group)->gr_gid;
 
                if ((arg = getarg(args, 'p')) != NULL) {
-                       if (*arg->val == '\0' || strcmp(arg->val, "0") == 0)
-                               pwd->pw_change = 0;
+                       if (*arg->val == '\0' || strcmp(arg->val, "0") == 0) {
+                               if (pwd->pw_change != 0) {
+                                       pwd->pw_change = 0;
+                                       edited = 1;
+                               }
+                       }
                        else {
                                time_t          now = time(NULL);
                                time_t          expire = parse_date(now, arg->val);
 
                                if (now == expire)
-                                       cmderr(EX_DATAERR, "Invalid password change date `%s'\n", arg->val);
-                               pwd->pw_change = expire;
+                                       errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid password change date `%s'", arg->val);
+                               if (pwd->pw_change != expire) {
+                                       pwd->pw_change = expire;
+                                       edited = 1;
+                               }
                        }
                }
+
                if ((arg = getarg(args, 'e')) != NULL) {
-                       if (*arg->val == '\0' || strcmp(arg->val, "0") == 0)
-                               pwd->pw_expire = 0;
+                       if (*arg->val == '\0' || strcmp(arg->val, "0") == 0) {
+                               if (pwd->pw_expire != 0) {
+                                       pwd->pw_expire = 0;
+                                       edited = 1;
+                               }
+                       }
                        else {
                                time_t          now = time(NULL);
                                time_t          expire = parse_date(now, arg->val);
 
                                if (now == expire)
-                                       cmderr(EX_DATAERR, "Invalid account expiry date `%s'\n", arg->val);
-                               pwd->pw_expire = expire;
+                                       errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid account expiry date `%s'", arg->val);
+                               if (pwd->pw_expire != expire) {
+                                       pwd->pw_expire = expire;
+                                       edited = 1;
+                               }
                        }
                }
-               if ((arg = getarg(args, 's')) != NULL)
-                       pwd->pw_shell = shell_path(cnf->shelldir, cnf->shells, arg->val);
 
-               if (getarg(args, 'L'))
-                       pwd->pw_class = cnf->default_class;
+               if ((arg = getarg(args, 's')) != NULL) {
+                       char *shell = shell_path(cnf->shelldir, cnf->shells, arg->val);
+                       if (shell == NULL)
+                               shell = "";
+                       if (strcmp(shell, pwd->pw_shell) != 0) {
+                               pwd->pw_shell = shell;
+                               edited = 1;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if (getarg(args, 'L')) {
+                       if (cnf->default_class == NULL)
+                               cnf->default_class = "";
+                       if (strcmp(pwd->pw_class, cnf->default_class) != 0) {
+                               pwd->pw_class = cnf->default_class;
+                               edited = 1;
+                       }
+               }
 
                if ((arg  = getarg(args, 'd')) != NULL) {
+                       if (strcmp(pwd->pw_dir, arg->val))
+                               edited = 1;
                        if (stat(pwd->pw_dir = arg->val, &st) == -1) {
                                if (getarg(args, 'm') == NULL && strcmp(pwd->pw_dir, "/nonexistent") != 0)
-                                 fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: home `%s' does not exist\n", pwd->pw_dir);
+                                 warnx("WARNING: home `%s' does not exist", pwd->pw_dir);
                        } else if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
-                               fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: home `%s' is not a directory\n", pwd->pw_dir);
+                               warnx("WARNING: home `%s' is not a directory", pwd->pw_dir);
                }
 
-               if ((arg = getarg(args, 'w')) != NULL && getarg(args, 'h') == NULL)
+               if ((arg = getarg(args, 'w')) != NULL &&
+                   getarg(args, 'h') == NULL && getarg(args, 'H') == NULL) {
+                       login_cap_t *lc;
+
+                       lc = login_getpwclass(pwd);
+                       if (lc == NULL ||
+                           login_setcryptfmt(lc, "md5", NULL) == NULL)
+                               warn("setting crypt(3) format");
+                       login_close(lc);
                        pwd->pw_passwd = pw_password(cnf, args, pwd->pw_name);
+                       edited = 1;
+               }
 
        } else {
+               login_cap_t *lc;
+
+               /*
+                * Add code
+                */
+
                if (a_name == NULL)     /* Required */
-                       cmderr(EX_DATAERR, "login name required\n");
-               else if ((pwd = getpwnam(a_name->val)) != NULL) /* Exists */
-                       cmderr(EX_DATAERR, "login name `%s' already exists\n", a_name->val);
+                       errx(EX_DATAERR, "login name required");
+               else if ((pwd = GETPWNAM(a_name->val)) != NULL) /* Exists */
+                       errx(EX_DATAERR, "login name `%s' already exists", a_name->val);
 
                /*
                 * Now, set up defaults for a new user
@@ -452,32 +585,48 @@ pw_user(struct userconf * cnf, int mode, struct cargs * args)
                pwd = &fakeuser;
                pwd->pw_name = a_name->val;
                pwd->pw_class = cnf->default_class ? cnf->default_class : "";
-               pwd->pw_passwd = pw_password(cnf, args, pwd->pw_name);
                pwd->pw_uid = pw_uidpolicy(cnf, args);
                pwd->pw_gid = pw_gidpolicy(cnf, args, pwd->pw_name, (gid_t) pwd->pw_uid);
                pwd->pw_change = pw_pwdpolicy(cnf, args);
                pwd->pw_expire = pw_exppolicy(cnf, args);
                pwd->pw_dir = pw_homepolicy(cnf, args, pwd->pw_name);
                pwd->pw_shell = pw_shellpolicy(cnf, args, NULL);
+               lc = login_getpwclass(pwd);
+               if (lc == NULL || login_setcryptfmt(lc, "md5", NULL) == NULL)
+                       warn("setting crypt(3) format");
+               login_close(lc);
+               pwd->pw_passwd = pw_password(cnf, args, pwd->pw_name);
+               edited = 1;
 
                if (pwd->pw_uid == 0 && strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") != 0)
-                       fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: new account `%s' has a uid of 0 (superuser access!)\n", pwd->pw_name);
+                       warnx("WARNING: new account `%s' has a uid of 0 (superuser access!)", pwd->pw_name);
        }
 
        /*
         * Shared add/edit code
         */
-       if ((arg = getarg(args, 'c')) != NULL)
-               pwd->pw_gecos = pw_checkname((u_char *)arg->val, 1);
+       if ((arg = getarg(args, 'c')) != NULL) {
+               char    *gecos = pw_checkname((u_char *)arg->val, 1);
+               if (strcmp(pwd->pw_gecos, gecos) != 0) {
+                       pwd->pw_gecos = gecos;
+                       edited = 1;
+               }
+       }
 
-       if ((arg = getarg(args, 'h')) != NULL) {
-               if (strcmp(arg->val, "-") == 0)
-                       pwd->pw_passwd = "*";   /* No access */
-               else {
+       if ((arg = getarg(args, 'h')) != NULL ||
+           (arg = getarg(args, 'H')) != NULL) {
+               if (strcmp(arg->val, "-") == 0) {
+                       if (!pwd->pw_passwd || *pwd->pw_passwd != '*') {
+                               pwd->pw_passwd = "*";   /* No access */
+                               edited = 1;
+                       }
+               } else {
                        int             fd = atoi(arg->val);
+                       int             precrypt = (arg->ch == 'H');
                        int             b;
                        int             istty = isatty(fd);
                        struct termios  t;
+                       login_cap_t     *lc;
 
                        if (istty) {
                                if (tcgetattr(fd, &t) == -1)
@@ -488,7 +637,10 @@ pw_user(struct userconf * cnf, int mode, struct cargs * args)
                                        /* Disable echo */
                                        n.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO);
                                        tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &n);
-                                       printf("%sassword for user %s:", (mode == M_UPDATE) ? "New p" : "P", pwd->pw_name);
+                                       printf("%s%spassword for user %s:",
+                                            (mode == M_UPDATE) ? "new " : "",
+                                            precrypt ? "encrypted " : "",
+                                            pwd->pw_name);
                                        fflush(stdout);
                                }
                        }
@@ -499,15 +651,28 @@ pw_user(struct userconf * cnf, int mode, struct cargs * args)
                                fflush(stdout);
                        }
                        if (b < 0) {
-                               perror("-h file descriptor");
+                               warn("-%c file descriptor", precrypt ? 'H' :
+                                   'h');
                                return EX_IOERR;
                        }
                        line[b] = '\0';
-                       if ((p = strpbrk(line, " \t\r\n")) != NULL)
+                       if ((p = strpbrk(line, "\r\n")) != NULL)
                                *p = '\0';
                        if (!*line)
-                               cmderr(EX_DATAERR, "empty password read on file descriptor %d\n", fd);
-                       pwd->pw_passwd = pw_pwcrypt(line);
+                               errx(EX_DATAERR, "empty password read on file descriptor %d", fd);
+                       if (precrypt) {
+                               if (strchr(line, ':') != NULL)
+                                       return EX_DATAERR;
+                               pwd->pw_passwd = line;
+                       } else {
+                               lc = login_getpwclass(pwd);
+                               if (lc == NULL ||
+                                   login_setcryptfmt(lc, "md5", NULL) == NULL)
+                                       warn("setting crypt(3) format");
+                               login_close(lc);
+                               pwd->pw_passwd = pw_pwcrypt(line);
+                       }
+                       edited = 1;
                }
        }
 
@@ -515,25 +680,47 @@ pw_user(struct userconf * cnf, int mode, struct cargs * args)
         * Special case: -N only displays & exits
         */
        if (getarg(args, 'N') != NULL)
-               return print_user(pwd, getarg(args, 'P') != NULL);
+               return print_user(pwd,
+                                 getarg(args, 'P') != NULL,
+                                 getarg(args, '7') != NULL);
 
-       r = r1 = 1;
        if (mode == M_ADD) {
-               r = addpwent(pwd);
-               if (r && cnf->nispasswd && *cnf->nispasswd=='/')
-                       r1 = addnispwent(cnf->nispasswd, pwd);
-       } else if (mode == M_UPDATE) {
-               r = chgpwent(a_name->val, pwd);
-               if (r && cnf->nispasswd && *cnf->nispasswd=='/')
-                       r1 = chgnispwent(cnf->nispasswd, a_name->val, pwd);
-       }
-
-       if (!r) {
-               perror("password update");
-               return EX_IOERR;
-       } else if (!r1) {
-               perror("WARNING: NIS password update");
-               /* Keep on trucking */
+               edited = 1;     /* Always */
+               rc = addpwent(pwd);
+               if (rc == -1) {
+                       warnx("user '%s' already exists", pwd->pw_name);
+                       return EX_IOERR;
+               } else if (rc != 0) {
+                       warn("passwd file update");
+                       return EX_IOERR;
+               }
+               if (cnf->nispasswd && *cnf->nispasswd=='/') {
+                       rc = addnispwent(cnf->nispasswd, pwd);
+                       if (rc == -1)
+                               warnx("User '%s' already exists in NIS passwd", pwd->pw_name);
+                       else
+                               warn("NIS passwd update");
+                       /* NOTE: we treat NIS-only update errors as non-fatal */
+               }
+       } else if (mode == M_UPDATE || mode == M_LOCK || mode == M_UNLOCK) {
+               if (edited) {   /* Only updated this if required */
+                       rc = chgpwent(a_name->val, pwd);
+                       if (rc == -1) {
+                               warnx("user '%s' does not exist (NIS?)", pwd->pw_name);
+                               return EX_IOERR;
+                       } else if (rc != 0) {
+                               warn("passwd file update");
+                               return EX_IOERR;
+                       }
+                       if ( cnf->nispasswd && *cnf->nispasswd=='/') {
+                               rc = chgnispwent(cnf->nispasswd, a_name->val, pwd);
+                               if (rc == -1)
+                                       warn("User '%s' not found in NIS passwd", pwd->pw_name);
+                               else
+                                       warn("NIS passwd update");
+                               /* NOTE: NIS-only update errors are not fatal */
+                       }
+               }
        }
 
        /*
@@ -543,12 +730,20 @@ pw_user(struct userconf * cnf, int mode, struct cargs * args)
        if (mode == M_ADD || getarg(args, 'G') != NULL)
                editgroups(pwd->pw_name, cnf->groups);
 
-       /* pwd may have been invalidated */
-       if ((pwd = getpwnam(a_name->val)) == NULL)
-               cmderr(EX_NOUSER, "user '%s' disappeared during update\n", a_name->val);
+       /* go get a current version of pwd */
+       pwd = GETPWNAM(a_name->val);
+       if (pwd == NULL) {
+               /* This will fail when we rename, so special case that */
+               if (mode == M_UPDATE && (arg = getarg(args, 'l')) != NULL) {
+                       a_name->val = arg->val;         /* update new name */
+                       pwd = GETPWNAM(a_name->val);    /* refetch renamed rec */
+               }
+       }
+       if (pwd == NULL)        /* can't go on without this */
+               errx(EX_NOUSER, "user '%s' disappeared during update", a_name->val);
 
-       grp = getgrgid(pwd->pw_gid);
-       pw_log(cnf, mode, W_USER, "%s(%ld):%s(%d):%s:%s:%s",
+       grp = GETGRGID(pwd->pw_gid);
+       pw_log(cnf, mode, W_USER, "%s(%ld):%s(%ld):%s:%s:%s",
               pwd->pw_name, (long) pwd->pw_uid,
            grp ? grp->gr_name : "unknown", (long) (grp ? grp->gr_gid : -1),
               pwd->pw_gecos, pwd->pw_dir, pwd->pw_shell);
@@ -559,44 +754,47 @@ pw_user(struct userconf * cnf, int mode, struct cargs * args)
         * doesn't hurt anything to create the empty mailfile
         */
        if (mode == M_ADD) {
-               FILE           *fp;
-
-               sprintf(line, "%s/%s", _PATH_MAILDIR, pwd->pw_name);
-               close(open(line, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0600));      /* Preserve contents &
-                                                                * mtime */
-               chown(line, pwd->pw_uid, pwd->pw_gid);
-
-               /*
-                * Send mail to the new user as well, if we are asked to
-                */
-               if (cnf->newmail && *cnf->newmail && (fp = fopen(cnf->newmail, "r")) != NULL) {
-                       FILE           *pfp = popen(_PATH_SENDMAIL " -t", "w");
-
-                       if (pfp == NULL)
-                               perror("sendmail");
-                       else {
-                               fprintf(pfp, "From: root\n" "To: %s\n" "Subject: Welcome!\n\n", pwd->pw_name);
-                               while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp) != NULL) {
-                                       /* Do substitutions? */
-                                       fputs(line, pfp);
-                               }
-                               pclose(pfp);
-                               pw_log(cnf, mode, W_USER, "%s(%ld) new user mail sent",
-                                      pwd->pw_name, (long) pwd->pw_uid);
-                       }
-                       fclose(fp);
+               if (!PWALTDIR()) {
+                       sprintf(line, "%s/%s", _PATH_MAILDIR, pwd->pw_name);
+                       close(open(line, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0600));      /* Preserve contents &
+                                                                        * mtime */
+                       chown(line, pwd->pw_uid, pwd->pw_gid);
                }
        }
+
        /*
-        * Finally, let's create and populate the user's home directory. Note
+        * Let's create and populate the user's home directory. Note
         * that this also `works' for editing users if -m is used, but
         * existing files will *not* be overwritten.
         */
-       if (getarg(args, 'm') != NULL && pwd->pw_dir && *pwd->pw_dir == '/' && pwd->pw_dir[1]) {
-               copymkdir(pwd->pw_dir, cnf->dotdir, 0755, pwd->pw_uid, pwd->pw_gid);
+       if (!PWALTDIR() && getarg(args, 'm') != NULL && pwd->pw_dir && *pwd->pw_dir == '/' && pwd->pw_dir[1]) {
+               copymkdir(pwd->pw_dir, cnf->dotdir, cnf->homemode, pwd->pw_uid, pwd->pw_gid);
                pw_log(cnf, mode, W_USER, "%s(%ld) home %s made",
                       pwd->pw_name, (long) pwd->pw_uid, pwd->pw_dir);
        }
+
+
+       /*
+        * Finally, send mail to the new user as well, if we are asked to
+        */
+       if (mode == M_ADD && !PWALTDIR() && cnf->newmail && *cnf->newmail && (fp = fopen(cnf->newmail, "r")) != NULL) {
+               FILE           *pfp = popen(_PATH_SENDMAIL " -t", "w");
+               
+               if (pfp == NULL)
+                       warn("sendmail");
+               else {
+                       fprintf(pfp, "From: root\n" "To: %s\n" "Subject: Welcome!\n\n", pwd->pw_name);
+                       while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp) != NULL) {
+                               /* Do substitutions? */
+                               fputs(line, pfp);
+                       }
+                       pclose(pfp);
+                       pw_log(cnf, mode, W_USER, "%s(%ld) new user mail sent",
+                           pwd->pw_name, (long) pwd->pw_uid);
+               }
+               fclose(fp);
+       }
+
        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -614,8 +812,8 @@ pw_uidpolicy(struct userconf * cnf, struct cargs * args)
        if (a_uid != NULL) {
                uid = (uid_t) atol(a_uid->val);
 
-               if ((pwd = getpwuid(uid)) != NULL && getarg(args, 'o') == NULL)
-                       cmderr(EX_DATAERR, "uid `%ld' has already been allocated\n", (long) pwd->pw_uid);
+               if ((pwd = GETPWUID(uid)) != NULL && getarg(args, 'o') == NULL)
+                       errx(EX_DATAERR, "uid `%ld' has already been allocated", (long) pwd->pw_uid);
        } else {
                struct bitmap   bm;
 
@@ -634,11 +832,11 @@ pw_uidpolicy(struct userconf * cnf, struct cargs * args)
                /*
                 * Now, let's fill the bitmap from the password file
                 */
-               setpwent();
-               while ((pwd = getpwent()) != NULL)
-                       if (pwd->pw_uid >= (int) cnf->min_uid && pwd->pw_uid <= (int) cnf->max_uid)
+               SETPWENT();
+               while ((pwd = GETPWENT()) != NULL)
+                       if (pwd->pw_uid >= (uid_t) cnf->min_uid && pwd->pw_uid <= (uid_t) cnf->max_uid)
                                bm_setbit(&bm, pwd->pw_uid - cnf->min_uid);
-               endpwent();
+               ENDPWENT();
 
                /*
                 * Then apply the policy, with fallback to reuse if necessary
@@ -650,7 +848,7 @@ pw_uidpolicy(struct userconf * cnf, struct cargs * args)
                 * Another sanity check
                 */
                if (uid < cnf->min_uid || uid > cnf->max_uid)
-                       cmderr(EX_SOFTWARE, "unable to allocate a new uid - range fully used\n");
+                       errx(EX_SOFTWARE, "unable to allocate a new uid - range fully used");
                bm_dealloc(&bm);
        }
        return uid;
@@ -673,15 +871,15 @@ pw_gidpolicy(struct userconf * cnf, struct cargs * args, char *nam, gid_t prefer
        /*
         * Check the given gid, if any
         */
-       setgrent();
+       SETGRENT();
        if (a_gid != NULL) {
-               if ((grp = getgrnam(a_gid->val)) == NULL) {
+               if ((grp = GETGRNAM(a_gid->val)) == NULL) {
                        gid = (gid_t) atol(a_gid->val);
-                       if ((gid == 0 && !isdigit(*a_gid->val)) || (grp = getgrgid(gid)) == NULL)
-                               cmderr(EX_NOUSER, "group `%s' is not defined\n", a_gid->val);
+                       if ((gid == 0 && !isdigit((unsigned char)*a_gid->val)) || (grp = GETGRGID(gid)) == NULL)
+                               errx(EX_NOUSER, "group `%s' is not defined", a_gid->val);
                }
                gid = grp->gr_gid;
-       } else if ((grp = getgrnam(nam)) != NULL && grp->gr_mem[0] == NULL) {
+       } else if ((grp = GETGRNAM(nam)) != NULL && grp->gr_mem[0] == NULL) {
                gid = grp->gr_gid;  /* Already created? Use it anyway... */
        } else {
                struct cargs    grpargs;
@@ -699,7 +897,7 @@ pw_gidpolicy(struct userconf * cnf, struct cargs * args, char *nam, gid_t prefer
                 * user's name dups an existing group, then the group add
                 * function will happily handle that case for us and exit.
                 */
-               if (getgrgid(prefer) == NULL) {
+               if (GETGRGID(prefer) == NULL) {
                        sprintf(tmp, "%lu", (unsigned long) prefer);
                        addarg(&grpargs, 'g', tmp);
                }
@@ -712,17 +910,17 @@ pw_gidpolicy(struct userconf * cnf, struct cargs * args, char *nam, gid_t prefer
                else
                {
                        pw_group(cnf, M_ADD, &grpargs);
-                       if ((grp = getgrnam(nam)) != NULL)
+                       if ((grp = GETGRNAM(nam)) != NULL)
                                gid = grp->gr_gid;
                }
-               a_gid = grpargs.lh_first;
+               a_gid = LIST_FIRST(&grpargs);
                while (a_gid != NULL) {
-                       struct carg    *t = a_gid->list.le_next;
+                       struct carg    *t = LIST_NEXT(a_gid, list);
                        LIST_REMOVE(a_gid, list);
                        a_gid = t;
                }
        }
-       endgrent();
+       ENDGRENT();
        return gid;
 }
 
@@ -736,7 +934,7 @@ pw_pwdpolicy(struct userconf * cnf, struct cargs * args)
 
        if (arg != NULL) {
                if ((result = parse_date(now, arg->val)) == now)
-                       cmderr(EX_DATAERR, "invalid date/time `%s'\n", arg->val);
+                       errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid date/time `%s'", arg->val);
        } else if (cnf->password_days > 0)
                result = now + ((long) cnf->password_days * 86400L);
        return result;
@@ -752,7 +950,7 @@ pw_exppolicy(struct userconf * cnf, struct cargs * args)
 
        if (arg != NULL) {
                if ((result = parse_date(now, arg->val)) == now)
-                       cmderr(EX_DATAERR, "invalid date/time `%s'\n", arg->val);
+                       errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid date/time `%s'", arg->val);
        } else if (cnf->expire_days > 0)
                result = now + ((long) cnf->expire_days * 86400L);
        return result;
@@ -770,7 +968,7 @@ pw_homepolicy(struct userconf * cnf, struct cargs * args, char const * user)
                static char     home[128];
 
                if (cnf->home == NULL || *cnf->home == '\0')
-                       cmderr(EX_CONFIG, "no base home directory set\n");
+                       errx(EX_CONFIG, "no base home directory set");
                sprintf(home, "%s/%s", cnf->home, user);
                return home;
        }
@@ -788,8 +986,7 @@ shell_path(char const * path, char *shells[], char *sh)
                /*
                 * We need to search paths
                 */
-               strncpy(paths, path, sizeof paths);
-               paths[sizeof paths - 1] = '\0';
+               strlcpy(paths, path, sizeof(paths));
                for (p = strtok(paths, ": \t\r\n"); p != NULL; p = strtok(NULL, ": \t\r\n")) {
                        int             i;
                        static char     shellpath[256];
@@ -806,8 +1003,8 @@ shell_path(char const * path, char *shells[], char *sh)
                                }
                }
                if (sh == NULL)
-                       cmderr(EX_OSFILE, "can't find shell `%s' in shell paths\n", sh);
-               cmderr(EX_CONFIG, "no default shell available or defined\n");
+                       errx(EX_OSFILE, "can't find shell `%s' in shell paths", sh);
+               errx(EX_CONFIG, "no default shell available or defined");
                return NULL;
        }
 }
@@ -824,111 +1021,48 @@ pw_shellpolicy(struct userconf * cnf, struct cargs * args, char *newshell)
        return shell_path(cnf->shelldir, cnf->shells, sh ? sh : cnf->shell_default);
 }
 
-static char const chars[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ.";
+#define        SALTSIZE        32
+
+static char const chars[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ./";
 
 char           *
 pw_pwcrypt(char *password)
 {
        int             i;
-       char            salt[12];
+       char            salt[SALTSIZE + 1];
 
        static char     buf[256];
 
        /*
         * Calculate a salt value
         */
-       if (!randinit) {
-               randinit = 1;
-#ifdef __FreeBSD__
-               srandomdev();
-#else
-               srandom((unsigned long) (time(NULL) ^ getpid()));
-#endif
-       }
-       for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
-               salt[i] = chars[random() % 63];
-       salt[i] = '\0';
+       for (i = 0; i < SALTSIZE; i++)
+               salt[i] = chars[arc4random_uniform(sizeof(chars) - 1)];
+       salt[SALTSIZE] = '\0';
 
        return strcpy(buf, crypt(password, salt));
 }
 
-#if defined(USE_MD5RAND)
-u_char *
-pw_getrand(u_char *buf, int len)       /* cryptographically secure rng */
-{
-       int i;
-       for (i=0;i<len;i+=16) {
-               u_char ubuf[16];
-
-               MD5_CTX md5_ctx;
-               struct timeval tv, tvo;
-               struct rusage ru;
-               int n=0;
-               int t;
-
-               MD5Init (&md5_ctx);
-               t=getpid();
-               MD5Update (&md5_ctx, (u_char*)&t, sizeof t);
-               t=getppid();
-               MD5Update (&md5_ctx, (u_char*)&t, sizeof t);
-               gettimeofday (&tvo, NULL);
-               do {
-                       getrusage (RUSAGE_SELF, &ru);
-                       MD5Update (&md5_ctx, (u_char*)&ru, sizeof ru);
-                       gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);
-                       MD5Update (&md5_ctx, (u_char*)&tv, sizeof tv);
-               } while (n++<20 || tv.tv_usec-tvo.tv_usec<100*1000);
-               MD5Final (ubuf, &md5_ctx);
-               memcpy(buf+i, ubuf, MIN(16, len-n));
-       }
-       return buf;
-}
-
-#else  /* Portable version */
-
-static u_char *
-pw_getrand(u_char *buf, int len)
-{
-       int i;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-               unsigned long val = random();
-               /* Use all bits in the random value */
-               buf[i]=(u_char)((val >> 24) ^ (val >> 16) ^ (val >> 8) ^ val);
-       }
-       return buf;
-}
-
-#endif
 
 static char    *
 pw_password(struct userconf * cnf, struct cargs * args, char const * user)
 {
        int             i, l;
        char            pwbuf[32];
-       u_char          rndbuf[sizeof pwbuf];
 
        switch (cnf->default_password) {
        case -1:                /* Random password */
-               if (!randinit) {
-                       randinit = 1;
-#ifdef __FreeBSD__
-                       srandomdev();
-#else
-                       srandom((unsigned long) (time(NULL) ^ getpid()));
-#endif
-               }
-               l = (random() % 8 + 8); /* 8 - 16 chars */
-               pw_getrand(rndbuf, l);
+               l = (arc4random() % 8 + 8);     /* 8 - 16 chars */
                for (i = 0; i < l; i++)
-                       pwbuf[i] = chars[rndbuf[i] % sizeof(chars)];
+                       pwbuf[i] = chars[arc4random_uniform(sizeof(chars)-1)];
                pwbuf[i] = '\0';
 
                /*
                 * We give this information back to the user
                 */
-               if (getarg(args, 'h') == NULL && getarg(args, 'N') == NULL) {
-                       if (isatty(1))
+               if (getarg(args, 'h') == NULL && getarg(args, 'H') == NULL &&
+                   getarg(args, 'N') == NULL) {
+                       if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO))
                                printf("Password for '%s' is: ", user);
                        printf("%s\n", pwbuf);
                        fflush(stdout);
@@ -943,8 +1077,7 @@ pw_password(struct userconf * cnf, struct cargs * args, char const * user)
                return "*";
 
        case 1:         /* user's name */
-               strncpy(pwbuf, user, sizeof pwbuf);
-               pwbuf[sizeof pwbuf - 1] = '\0';
+               strlcpy(pwbuf, user, sizeof(pwbuf));
                break;
        }
        return pw_pwcrypt(pwbuf);
@@ -952,34 +1085,31 @@ pw_password(struct userconf * cnf, struct cargs * args, char const * user)
 
 
 static int
-print_user(struct passwd * pwd, int pretty)
+print_user(struct passwd * pwd, int pretty, int v7)
 {
        if (!pretty) {
                char            buf[_UC_MAXLINE];
 
-               fmtpwent(buf, pwd);
+               fmtpwentry(buf, pwd, v7 ? PWF_PASSWD : PWF_STANDARD);
                fputs(buf, stdout);
        } else {
                int             j;
                char           *p;
-               struct group   *grp = getgrgid(pwd->pw_gid);
+               struct group   *grp = GETGRGID(pwd->pw_gid);
                char            uname[60] = "User &", office[60] = "[None]",
                                wphone[60] = "[None]", hphone[60] = "[None]";
                char            acexpire[32] = "[None]", pwexpire[32] = "[None]";
                struct tm *    tptr;
 
                if ((p = strtok(pwd->pw_gecos, ",")) != NULL) {
-                       strncpy(uname, p, sizeof uname);
-                       uname[sizeof uname - 1] = '\0';
+                       strlcpy(uname, p, sizeof(uname));
                        if ((p = strtok(NULL, ",")) != NULL) {
-                               strncpy(office, p, sizeof office);
-                               office[sizeof office - 1] = '\0';
+                               strlcpy(office, p, sizeof(office));
                                if ((p = strtok(NULL, ",")) != NULL) {
-                                       strncpy(wphone, p, sizeof wphone);
-                                       wphone[sizeof wphone - 1] = '\0';
+                                       strlcpy(wphone, p, sizeof(wphone));
                                        if ((p = strtok(NULL, "")) != NULL) {
-                                               strncpy(hphone, p, sizeof hphone);
-                                               hphone[sizeof hphone - 1] = '\0';
+                                               strlcpy(hphone, p,
+                                                   sizeof(hphone));
                                        }
                                }
                        }
@@ -993,12 +1123,12 @@ print_user(struct passwd * pwd, int pretty)
 
                        memmove(p + l, p + 1, m);
                        memmove(p, pwd->pw_name, l);
-                       *p = (char) toupper(*p);
+                       *p = (char) toupper((unsigned char)*p);
                }
                if (pwd->pw_expire > (time_t)0 && (tptr = localtime(&pwd->pw_expire)) != NULL)
-                 strftime(acexpire, sizeof acexpire, "%c", tptr);
-               if (pwd->pw_change > (time_t)9 && (tptr = localtime(&pwd->pw_change)) != NULL)
-                 strftime(pwexpire, sizeof pwexpire, "%c", tptr);
+                       strftime(acexpire, sizeof acexpire, "%c", tptr);
+               if (pwd->pw_change > (time_t)0 && (tptr = localtime(&pwd->pw_change)) != NULL)
+                       strftime(pwexpire, sizeof pwexpire, "%c", tptr);
                printf("Login Name: %-15s   #%-12ld Group: %-15s   #%ld\n"
                       " Full Name: %s\n"
                       "      Home: %-26.26s      Class: %s\n"
@@ -1010,9 +1140,9 @@ print_user(struct passwd * pwd, int pretty)
                       uname, pwd->pw_dir, pwd->pw_class,
                       pwd->pw_shell, office, wphone, hphone,
                       acexpire, pwexpire);
-               setgrent();
+               SETGRENT();
                j = 0;
-               while ((grp=getgrent()) != NULL)
+               while ((grp=GETGRENT()) != NULL)
                {
                        int     i = 0;
                        while (grp->gr_mem[i] != NULL)
@@ -1025,8 +1155,8 @@ print_user(struct passwd * pwd, int pretty)
                                ++i;
                        }
                }
-               endgrent();
-               printf("%s\n", j ? "\n" : "");
+               ENDGRENT();
+               printf("%s", j ? "\n" : "");
        }
        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }
@@ -1034,21 +1164,58 @@ print_user(struct passwd * pwd, int pretty)
 char    *
 pw_checkname(u_char *name, int gecos)
 {
-       int             l = 0;
-       char const     *notch = gecos ? ":!@" : " ,\t:+&#%$^()!@~*?<>=|\\/\"";
-
-       while (name[l]) {
-               if (strchr(notch, name[l]) != NULL || name[l] < ' ' || name[l] == 127 ||
-                       (!gecos && l==0 && name[l] == '-') ||   /* leading '-' */
-                       (!gecos && name[l] & 0x80))     /* 8-bit */
-                       cmderr(EX_DATAERR, (name[l] >= ' ' && name[l] < 127)
-                                           ? "invalid character `%c' in field\n"
-                                           : "invalid character 0x%02x in field\n",
-                                           name[l]);
-               ++l;
+       char showch[8];
+       u_char const *badchars, *ch, *showtype;
+       int reject;
+
+       ch = name;
+       reject = 0;
+       if (gecos) {
+               /* See if the name is valid as a gecos (comment) field. */
+               badchars = ":!@";
+               showtype = "gecos field";
+       } else {
+               /* See if the name is valid as a userid or group. */
+               badchars = " ,\t:+&#%$^()!@~*?<>=|\\/\"";
+               showtype = "userid/group name";
+               /* Userids and groups can not have a leading '-'. */
+               if (*ch == '-')
+                       reject = 1;
+       }
+       if (!reject) {
+               while (*ch) {
+                       if (strchr(badchars, *ch) != NULL || *ch < ' ' ||
+                           *ch == 127) {
+                               reject = 1;
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       /* 8-bit characters are only allowed in GECOS fields */
+                       if (!gecos && (*ch & 0x80)) {
+                               reject = 1;
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       ch++;
+               }
+       }
+       /*
+        * A `$' is allowed as the final character for userids and groups,
+        * mainly for the benefit of samba.
+        */
+       if (reject && !gecos) {
+               if (*ch == '$' && *(ch + 1) == '\0') {
+                       reject = 0;
+                       ch++;
+               }
+       }
+       if (reject) {
+               snprintf(showch, sizeof(showch), (*ch >= ' ' && *ch < 127)
+                   ? "`%c'" : "0x%02x", *ch);
+               errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid character %s at position %d in %s",
+                   showch, (ch - name), showtype);
        }
-       if (!gecos && l > LOGNAMESIZE)
-               cmderr(EX_DATAERR, "name too long `%s'\n", name);
+       if (!gecos && (ch - name) > LOGNAMESIZE)
+               errx(EX_DATAERR, "name too long `%s' (max is %d)", name,
+                   LOGNAMESIZE);
        return (char *)name;
 }
 
@@ -1079,10 +1246,10 @@ rmat(uid_t uid)
 }
 
 static void
-rmskey(char const * name)
+rmopie(char const * name)
 {
-       static const char etcskey[] = "/etc/skeykeys";
-       FILE   *fp = fopen(etcskey, "r+");
+       static const char etcopie[] = "/etc/opiekeys";
+       FILE   *fp = fopen(etcopie, "r+");
 
        if (fp != NULL) {
                char    tmp[1024];