Import macOS userland

adv_cmds-176
basic_cmds-55
bootstrap_cmds-116.100.1
developer_cmds-66
diskdev_cmds-667.40.1
doc_cmds-53.60.1
file_cmds-321.40.3
mail_cmds-35
misc_cmds-34
network_cmds-606.40.1
patch_cmds-17
remote_cmds-63
shell_cmds-216.60.1
system_cmds-880.60.2
text_cmds-106

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+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)mail5.nr	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
+.\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/mail/USD.doc/mail5.nr,v 1.4 2000/11/29 10:56:59 ru Exp $
+.\"
+.bp
+.sh 1 "Additional features"
+.pp
+This section describes some additional commands useful for
+reading your mail, setting options, and handling lists of messages.
+.sh 2 "Message lists"
+.pp
+Several
+.i Mail
+commands accept a list of messages as an argument.
+Along with
+.b type
+and
+.b delete ,
+described in section 2,
+there is the
+.b from
+command, which prints the message headers associated with the
+message list passed to it.
+The
+.b from
+command is particularly useful in conjunction with some of the
+message list features described below.
+.pp
+A
+.i "message list"
+consists of a list of message numbers, ranges, and names,
+separated by spaces or tabs.  Message numbers may be either
+decimal numbers, which directly specify messages, or one of the
+special characters
+.q \(ua
+.q "."
+or
+.q "$"
+to specify the first relevant, current, or last
+relevant message, respectively.
+.i Relevant
+here means, for most commands
+.q "not deleted"
+and
+.q "deleted"
+for the
+.b undelete
+command.
+.pp
+A range of messages consists of two message numbers (of the form
+described in the previous paragraph) separated by a dash.
+Thus, to print the first four messages, use
+.(l
+type 1\-4
+.)l
+and to print all the messages from the current message to the last
+message, use
+.(l
+type .\-$
+.)l
+.pp
+A
+.i name
+is a user name.  The user names given in the message list are
+collected together and each message selected by other means
+is checked to make sure it was sent by one of the named users.
+If the message consists entirely of user names, then every
+message sent by one of those users that is
+.i relevant
+(in the sense described earlier)
+is selected.  Thus, to print every message sent to you by
+.q root,
+do
+.(l
+type root
+.)l
+.pp
+As a shorthand notation, you can specify simply
+.q *
+to get every
+.i relevant
+(same sense)
+message.  Thus,
+.(l
+type *
+.)l
+prints all undeleted messages,
+.(l
+delete *
+.)l
+deletes all undeleted messages, and
+.(l
+undelete *
+.)l
+undeletes all deleted messages.
+.pp
+You can search for the presence of a word in subject lines with
+.b / .
+For example, to print the headers of all messages that contain the
+word
+.q PASCAL,
+do:
+.(l
+from /pascal
+.)l
+Note that subject searching ignores upper/lower case differences.
+.sh 2 "List of commands"
+.pp
+This section describes all the
+.i Mail
+commands available when
+receiving mail.
+.ip "\fB\-\fP\ \ "
+The
+.rb \-
+command goes to the previous message and prints it.  The
+.rb \-
+command may be given a decimal number
+.i n
+as an argument, in which case the
+.i n th
+previous message is gone to and printed.
+.ip "\fB?\fP\ \ "
+Prints a brief summary of commands.
+.ip "\fB!\fP\ \ "
+Used to preface a command to be executed by the shell.
+.ip "\fBPrint\fP\ \ "
+Like
+.b print ,
+but also print out ignored header fields.  See also
+\fBprint\fP, \fBignore\fP and \fBretain\fP.
+\fBPrint\fP can be abbreviated to \fBP\fP.
+.ip "\fBReply\fP or \fBRespond\fP\ \ "
+Note the capital \fBR\fP in the name.
+Frame a reply to a one or more messages.
+The reply (or replies if you are using this on multiple messages)
+will be sent ONLY to the person who sent you the message
+(respectively, the set of people who sent the messages you are
+replying to).
+You can
+add people using the \fB~t\fP, \fB~c\fP and \fB~b\fP
+tilde escapes.  The subject in your reply is formed by prefacing the
+subject in the original message with
+.q "Re:"
+unless it already began thus.
+If the original message included a
+.q "reply-to"
+header field, the reply will go
+.i only
+to the recipient named by
+.q "reply-to."
+You type in your message using the same conventions available to you
+through the
+.b mail
+command.
+The
+.b Reply
+command is especially useful for replying to messages that were sent
+to enormous distribution groups when you really just want to
+send a message to the originator.  Use it often.
+\fBReply\fP (and \fBRespond\fP) can be abbreviated to \fBR\fP.
+.ip "\fBType\fP\ \ "
+Identical to the
+.b Print
+command.
+\fBType\fP can be abbreviated to \fBT\fP.
+.ip "\fBalias\fP\ \ "
+Define a name to stand for a set of other names.
+This is used when you want to send messages to a certain
+group of people and want to avoid retyping their names.
+For example
+.(l
+alias project john sue willie kathryn
+.)l
+creates an alias
+.i project
+which expands to the four people John, Sue, Willie, and Kathryn.
+If no arguments are given, all currently-defined aliases are printed.
+If one argument is given, that alias is printed (if it exists).
+\fBAlias\fP can be abbreviated to \fBa\fP.
+.ip "\fBalternates\fP\ \ "
+If you have accounts on several machines, you may find it convenient
+to use the /usr/lib/aliases on all the machines except one to direct
+your mail to a single account.
+The
+.b alternates
+command is used to inform
+.i Mail
+that each of these other addresses is really
+.i you .
+.i Alternates
+takes a list of user names and remembers that they are all actually you.
+When you
+.b reply
+to messages that were sent to one of these alternate names,
+.i Mail
+will not bother to send a copy of the message to this other address (which
+would simply be directed back to you by the alias mechanism).
+If
+.i alternates
+is given no argument, it lists the current set of alternate names.
+.b Alternates
+is usually used in the .mailrc file.
+\fBAlternates\fP can be abbreviated to \fBalt\fP.
+.ip "\fBchdir\fP\ \ "
+The
+.b chdir
+command allows you to change your current directory.
+.b Chdir
+takes a single argument, which is taken to be the pathname of
+the directory to change to.  If no argument is given,
+.b chdir
+changes to your home directory.
+\fBChdir\fP can be abbreviated to \fBc\fP.
+.ip "\fBcopy\fP\ \ "
+The
+.b copy
+command does the same thing that
+.b save
+does, except that it does not mark the messages it is used on
+for deletion when you quit.
+\fBCopy\fP can be abbreviated to \fBco\fP.
+.ip "\fBdelete\fP\ \ "
+Deletes a list of messages.  Deleted messages can be reclaimed
+with the
+.b undelete
+command.
+\fBDelete\fP can be abbreviated to \fBd\fP.
+.ip "\fBdp\fP or \fBdt\fP\ \ "
+These
+commands delete the current message and print the next message.
+They are useful for quickly reading and disposing of mail.
+If there is no next message, \fImail\fP says ``at EOF.''
+.ip "\fBedit\fP\ \ "
+To edit individual messages using the text editor, the
+.b edit
+command is provided.  The
+.b edit
+command takes a list of messages as described under the
+.b type
+command and processes each by writing it into the file
+Message\c
+.i x
+where
+.i x
+is the message number being edited and executing the text editor on it.
+When you have edited the message to your satisfaction, write the message
+out and quit, upon which
+.i Mail
+will read the message back and remove the file.
+.b Edit
+can be abbreviated to
+.b e .
+.ip "\fBelse\fP\ \ "
+Marks the end of the then-part of an
+.b if
+statement and the beginning of the
+part to take effect if the condition of the
+.b if
+statement is false.
+.ip "\fBendif\fP\ \ "
+Marks the end of an
+.b if
+statement.
+.ip "\fBexit\fP or \fBxit\fP\ \ "
+Leave
+.i Mail
+without updating the system mailbox or the file your were reading.
+Thus, if you accidentally delete several messages, you can use
+.b exit
+to avoid scrambling your mailbox.
+\fBExit\fP can be abbreviated to \fBex\fP or \fBx\fP.
+.ip "\fBfile\fP\ \ "
+The same as
+.b folder .
+\fBFile\fP can be abbreviated to \fBfi\fP.
+.ip "\fBfolders\fP\ \ "
+List the names of the folders in your folder directory.
+.ip "\fBfolder\fP\ \ "
+The
+.b folder
+command switches to a new mail file or folder.  With no arguments, it
+tells you which file you are currently reading.  If you give
+it an argument, it will write out changes (such as deletions)
+you have made in the current file and read the new file.
+Some special conventions are recognized for the name:
+.(b
+.TS
+center;
+c c
+l a.
+Name	Meaning
+_
+#	Previous file read
+%	Your system mailbox
+%name	\fIName\fP's system mailbox
+&	Your ~/mbox file
++folder	A file in your folder directory
+.TE
+.)b
+\fBFolder\fP can be abbreviated to \fBfo\fP.
+.ip "\fBfrom\fP\ \ "
+The
+.b from
+command takes a list of messages and prints out the header lines for each one;
+hence
+.(l
+from joe
+.)l
+is the easy way to display all the message headers from \*(lqjoe.\*(rq
+\fBFrom\fP can be abbreviated to \fBf\fP.
+.ip "\fBheaders\fP\ \ "
+When you start up
+.i Mail
+to read your mail, it lists the message headers that you have.
+These headers tell you who each message is from, when they were
+received, how many lines and characters each message is, and the
+.q "Subject:"
+header field of each message, if present.  In addition,
+.i Mail
+tags the message header of each message that has been the object
+of the
+.b preserve
+command with a
+.q P.
+Messages that have been
+.b saved
+or
+.b written
+are flagged with a
+.q *.
+Finally,
+.b deleted
+messages are not printed at all.  If you wish to reprint the current
+list of message headers, you can do so with the
+.b headers
+command.  The
+.b headers
+command (and thus the initial header listing)
+only lists the first so many message headers.
+The number of headers listed depends on the speed of your
+terminal.
+This can be overridden by specifying the number of headers you
+want with the
+.i window
+option.
+.i Mail
+maintains a notion of the current
+.q window
+into your messages for the purposes of printing headers.
+Use the
+.b z
+command to move forward and back a window.
+You can move
+.i Mail's
+notion of the current window directly to a particular message by
+using, for example,
+.(l
+headers 40
+.)l
+to move
+.i Mail's
+attention to the messages around message 40.
+If a ``+'' argument is given, then the next screenful of message headers is
+printed, and if a ``\-'' argument is given, the previous screenful of message
+headers is printed.
+\fBHeaders\fP can be abbreviated to \fBh\fP.
+.ip "\fBhelp\fP\ \ "
+Print a brief and usually out of date help message about the commands
+in
+.i Mail .
+The 
+.i man
+page for 
+.i mail
+is usually more up-to-date than either the help message or this manual.
+It is also a synonym for \fB?\fP.
+.ip "\fBhold\fP\ \ "
+Arrange to hold a list of messages in the system mailbox, instead
+of moving them to the file
+.i mbox
+in your home directory.  If you set the binary option
+.i hold ,
+this will happen by default.
+It does not override the \fBdelete\fP command.
+\fBHold\fP can be abbreviated to \fBho\fP.
+.ip "\fBif\fP\ \ "
+Commands in your
+.q .mailrc
+file can be executed conditionally depending on whether you are
+sending or receiving mail with the
+.b if
+command.  For example, you can do:
+.(l
+if receive
+	\fIcommands\fP...
+endif
+.)l
+An
+.b else
+form is also available:
+.(l
+if send
+	\fIcommands\fP...
+else
+	\fIcommands\fP...
+endif
+.)l
+Note that the only allowed conditions are
+.b receive
+and
+.b send .
+.ip "\fBignore\fP \ \ "
+.b N.B.:
+.i Ignore
+has been superseded by
+.i retain.
+.br
+Add the list of header fields named to the
+.i "ignore list" .
+Header fields in the ignore list are not printed on your
+terminal when you print a message.  This allows you to suppress
+printing of certain machine-generated header fields, such as
+.i Via
+which are not usually of interest.  The
+.b Type
+and
+.b Print
+commands can be used to print a message in its entirety, including
+ignored fields.
+If
+.b ignore
+is executed with no arguments, it lists the current set of ignored fields.
+.ip "\fBlist\fP\ \ "
+List the valid
+.i Mail
+commands.
+\fBList\fP can be abbreviated to \fBl\fP.
+.\".ip \fBlocal\fP
+.\"Define a list of local names for this host. This command is useful
+.\"when the host is known by more than one name. Names in the list
+.\"may be qualified be the domain of the host. The first name on the local
+.\"list is the
+.\".i distinguished
+.\"name of the host.
+.\"The names on the local list are used by
+.\".i Mail
+.\"to decide which addresses are local to the host.
+.\"For example:
+.\".(l
+.\"local ucbarpa.BERKELEY.ARPA arpa.BERKELEY.ARPA \\
+.\"	arpavax.BERKELEY.ARPA r.BERKELEY.ARPA \\
+.\"	ucb-arpa.ARPA
+.\".)l
+.\"From this list we see that
+.\".i "fred@ucbarpa.BERKELEY.ARPA",
+.\".i "harold@arpa.BERKELEY",
+.\"and
+.\".i "larry@r"
+.\"are all addresses of users on the local host.
+.\"The
+.\".b local
+.\"command is usually not used be general users since it is designed for
+.\"local configuration; it is usually found in the file /etc/mail.rc.
+.ip "\fBmail\fP\ \ "
+Send mail to one or more people.  If you have the
+.i ask
+option set,
+.i Mail
+will prompt you for a subject to your message.  Then you
+can type in your message, using tilde escapes as described in
+section 4 to edit, print, or modify your message.  To signal your
+satisfaction with the message and send it, type control-d at the
+beginning of a line, or a . alone on a line if you set the option
+.i dot .
+To abort the message, type two interrupt characters (\s-2RUBOUT\s0
+by default) in a row or use the
+.b ~q
+escape.
+The \fBmail\fP command can be abbreviated to \fBm\fP.
+.ip "\fBmbox\fP\ \ "
+Indicate that a list of messages be sent to
+.i mbox
+in your home directory when you quit.  This is the default
+action for messages if you do
+.i not
+have the
+.i hold
+option set.
+.ip "\fBnext\fP or \fB+\fP\ \ "
+The
+.b next
+command goes to the next message and types it.  If given a message list,
+.b next
+goes to the first such message and types it.  Thus,
+.(l
+next root
+.)l
+goes to the next message sent by
+.q root
+and types it.  The
+.b next
+command can be abbreviated to simply a newline, which means that one
+can go to and type a message by simply giving its message number or
+one of the magic characters
+.q "^"
+.q "."
+or
+.q "$".
+Thus,
+.(l
+\&.
+.)l
+prints the current message and
+.(l
+4
+.)l
+prints message 4, as described previously.
+\fBNext\fP can be abbreviated to \fBn\fP.
+.ip "\fBpreserve\fP\ \ "
+Same as
+.b hold .
+Cause a list of messages to be held in your system mailbox when you quit.
+\fBPreserve\fP can be abbreviated to \fBpre\fP.
+.ip "\fBprint\fP\ \ "
+Print the specified messages. If the
+.b crt
+variable is set, messages longer than the number of lines it indicates
+are paged through the command specified by the \fBPAGER\fP variable.
+The \fBprint\fP command can be abbreviated to \fBp\fP.
+.ip "\fBquit\fP\ \ "
+Terminates the session, saving all undeleted, unsaved and unwritten messages 
+in the user's \fImbox\fP file in their login directory
+(messages marked as having been read), preserving all
+messages marked with \fBhold\fP or \fBpreserve\fP or never referenced
+in their system mailbox.
+Any messages that were deleted, saved, written or saved to \fImbox\fP are
+removed from their system mailbox.
+If new mail has arrived during the session, the message
+``You have new mail'' is given.  If given while editing a mailbox file
+with the \fB\-f\fP flag, then the edit file is rewritten.
+A return to the Shell is effected, unless the rewrite of edit file fails,
+in which case the user can escape with the \fBexit\fP command.
+\fBQuit\fP can be abbreviated to \fBq\fP.
+.ip "\fBreply\fP or \fBrespond\fP\ \ "
+Frame a reply to a single message.
+The reply will be sent to the
+person who sent you the message (to which you are replying), plus all
+the people who received the original message, except you.  You can
+add people using the \fB~t\fP, \fB~c\fP and \fB~b\fP
+tilde escapes.  The subject in your reply is formed by prefacing the
+subject in the original message with
+.q "Re:"
+unless it already began thus.
+If the original message included a
+.q "reply-to"
+header field, the reply will go
+.i only
+to the recipient named by
+.q "reply-to."
+You type in your message using the same conventions available to you
+through the
+.b mail
+command.
+The \fBreply\fP (and \fBrespond\fP) command can be abbreviated to \fBr\fP.
+.ip "\fBretain\fP\ \ "
+Add the list of header fields named to the \fIretained list\fP.
+Only the header fields in the retain list
+are shown on your terminal when you print a message.
+All other header fields are suppressed.
+The
+.b Type
+and
+.b Print
+commands can be used to print a message in its entirety.
+If
+.b retain
+is executed with no arguments, it lists the current set of
+retained fields.
+.ip "\fBsave\fP\ \ "
+It is often useful to be able to save messages on related topics
+in a file.  The
+.b save
+command gives you the ability to do this.  The
+.b save
+command takes as an argument a list of message numbers, followed by
+the name of the file in which to save the messages.  The messages
+are appended to the named file, thus allowing one to keep several
+messages in the file, stored in the order they were put there.
+The filename in quotes, followed by the line
+count and character count is echoed on the user's terminal.
+An example of the
+.b save
+command relative to our running example is:
+.(l
+s 1 2 tuitionmail
+.)l
+.b Saved
+messages are not automatically saved in
+.i mbox
+at quit time, nor are they selected by the
+.b next
+command described above, unless explicitly specified.
+\fBSave\fP can be abbreviated to \fBs\fP.
+.ip "\fBset\fP\ \ "
+Set an option or give an option a value.  Used to customize
+.i Mail .
+Section 5.3 contains a list of the options.  Options can be
+.i binary ,
+in which case they are
+.i on
+or
+.i off ,
+or
+.i valued .
+To set a binary option
+.i option
+.i on ,
+do
+.(l
+set option
+.)l
+To give the valued option
+.i option
+the value
+.i value ,
+do
+.(l
+set option=value
+.)l
+There must be no space before or after the ``='' sign.
+If no arguments are given, all variable values are printed.
+Several options can be specified in a single
+.b set
+command.
+\fBSet\fP can be abbreviated to \fBse\fP.
+.ip "\fBshell\fP\ \ "
+The
+.b shell
+command allows you to
+escape to the shell.
+.b Shell
+invokes an interactive shell and allows you to type commands to it.
+When you leave the shell, you will return to
+.i Mail .
+The shell used is a default assumed by
+.i Mail ;
+you can override this default by setting the valued option
+.q SHELL,
+eg:
+.(l
+set SHELL=/bin/csh
+.)l
+\fBShell\fP can be abbreviated to \fBsh\fP.
+.ip "\fBsize\fP\ \ "
+Takes a message list and prints out the size in characters of each
+message.
+.ip "\fBsource\fP\ \ "
+The
+.b source
+command reads
+.i mail
+commands from a file.  It is useful when you are trying to fix your
+.q .mailrc
+file and you need to re-read it.
+\fBSource\fP can be abbreviated to \fBso\fP.
+.ip "\fBtop\fP\ \ "
+The
+.b top
+command takes a message list and prints the first five lines
+of each addressed message.
+If you wish, you can change the number of lines that
+.b top
+prints out by setting the valued option
+.q "toplines."
+On a CRT terminal,
+.(l
+set toplines=10
+.)l
+might be preferred.
+\fBTop\fP can be abbreviated to \fBto\fP.
+.ip "\fBtype\fP\ \ "
+Same as \fBprint\fP.
+Takes a message list and types out each message on the terminal.
+The \fBtype\fP command can be abbreviated to \fBt\fP.
+.ip "\fBundelete\fP \ \"
+Takes a message list and marks each message as \fInot\fP
+being deleted.
+\fBUndelete\fP can be abbreviated to \fBu\fP.
+.ip "\fBunread\fP\ \ "
+Takes a message list and marks each message as
+.i not
+having been read.
+\fBUnread\fP can be abbreviated to \fBU\fP.
+.ip "\fBunset\fP\ \ "
+Takes a list of option names and discards their remembered values;
+the inverse of \fBset\fP .
+.ip "\fBvisual\fP\ \ "
+It is often useful to be able to invoke one of two editors,
+based on the type of terminal one is using.  To invoke
+a display oriented editor, you can use the
+.b visual
+command.  The operation of the
+.b visual
+command is otherwise identical to that of the
+.b edit
+command.
+.ne 2v+\n(psu
+.sp \n(psu
+Both the
+.b edit
+and
+.b visual
+commands assume some default text editors.  These default editors
+can be overridden by the valued options
+.q EDITOR
+and
+.q VISUAL
+for the standard and screen editors.  You might want to do:
+.(l
+set EDITOR=/usr/bin/ex VISUAL=/usr/bin/vi
+.)l
+\fBVisual\fP can be abbreviated to \fBv\fP.
+.ip "\fBwrite\fP\ \ "
+The
+.b save
+command always writes the entire message, including the headers,
+into the file.  If you want to write just the message itself, you
+can use the
+.b write
+command.  The
+.b write
+command has the same syntax as the
+.b save
+command, and can be abbreviated to simply
+.b w .
+Thus, we could write the second message by doing:
+.(l
+w 2 file.c
+.)l
+As suggested by this example, the
+.b write
+command is useful for such tasks as sending and receiving
+source program text over the message system.
+The filename in quotes, followed by the line
+count and character count is echoed on the user's terminal.
+.ip "\fBz\fP\ \ "
+.i Mail
+presents message headers in windowfuls as described under
+the
+.b headers
+command.
+You can move
+.i Mail's
+attention forward to the next window by giving the
+.(l
+z+
+.)l
+command.  Analogously, you can move to the previous window with:
+.(l
+z\-
+.)l
+.sh 2 "Custom options"
+.pp
+Throughout this manual, we have seen examples of binary and valued options.
+This section describes each of the options in alphabetical order, including
+some that you have not seen yet.
+To avoid confusion, please note that the options are either
+all lower case letters or all upper case letters.  When I start a sentence
+such as:
+.q "Ask"
+causes
+.i Mail
+to prompt you for a subject header,
+I am only capitalizing
+.q ask
+as a courtesy to English.
+.ip "\fBEDITOR\fP\ \ "
+The valued option
+.q EDITOR
+defines the pathname of the text editor to be used in the
+.b edit
+command and ~e.  If not defined, a standard editor is used.
+.ip "\fBPAGER\fP\ \ "
+Pathname of the program to use for paginating output when
+it exceeds \fIcrt\fP lines.
+A default paginator is used if this option is not defined.
+.ip "\fBSHELL\fP\ \ "
+The valued option
+.q SHELL
+gives the path name of your shell.  This shell is used for the
+.b !
+command and ~! escape.  In addition, this shell expands
+file names with shell metacharacters like * and ? in them.
+.ip "\fBVISUAL\fP\ \ "
+The valued option
+.q VISUAL
+defines the pathname of the screen editor to be used in the
+.b visual
+command
+and ~v escape.  A standard screen editor is used if you do not define one.
+.ip "\fBappend\fP\ \ "
+The
+.q append
+option is binary and
+causes messages saved in
+.i mbox
+to be appended to the end rather than prepended.
+Normally, \fIMail\fP will put messages in \fImbox\fP
+in the same order that the system puts messages in your system mailbox.
+By setting
+.q append,
+you are requesting that
+.i mbox
+be appended to regardless.  It is in any event quicker to append.
+.ip "\fBask\fP\ \ "
+.q "Ask"
+is a binary option which
+causes
+.i Mail
+to prompt you for the subject of each message you send.
+If you respond with simply a newline, no subject field will be sent.
+.ip "\fBaskcc\fP\ \ "
+.q Askcc
+is a binary option which
+causes you to be prompted for additional carbon copy recipients at the
+end of each message.  Responding with a newline shows your
+satisfaction with the current list.
+.ip "\fBautoprint\fP\ \ "
+.q Autoprint
+is a binary option which
+causes the
+.b delete
+command to behave like
+.b dp
+\*- thus, after deleting a message, the next one will be typed
+automatically.  This is useful when quickly scanning and deleting
+messages in your mailbox.
+.ip "\fBcrt\fP \ \ "
+The valued option
+.q crt
+is used as a threshold to determine how long a message must
+be before
+.b PAGER
+is used to read it.
+.ip "\fBdebug\fP \ \ "
+The binary option
+.q debug
+causes debugging information to be displayed. Use of this
+option is the same as using the \fB\-d\fP command line flag.
+.ip "\fBdot\fP\ \ "
+.q Dot
+is a binary option which, if set, causes
+.i Mail
+to interpret a period alone on a line as the terminator
+of the message you are sending.
+.ip "\fBescape\fP\ \ "
+To allow you to change the escape character used when sending
+mail, you can set the valued option
+.q escape.
+Only the first character of the
+.q escape
+option is used, and it must be doubled if it is to appear as
+the first character of a line of your message.  If you change your escape
+character, then ~ loses all its special meaning, and need no longer be doubled
+at the beginning of a line.
+.ip "\fBfolder\fP\ \ "
+The name of the directory to use for storing folders of messages.
+If this name begins with a `/'
+.i Mail
+considers it to be an absolute pathname; otherwise, the folder directory
+is found relative to your home directory.
+.ip "\fBhold\fP\ \ "
+The binary option
+.q hold
+causes messages that have been read but not manually dealt with
+to be held in the system mailbox. This prevents such messages from
+being automatically swept into your \fImbox\fP file.
+.ip "\fBignore\fP\ \ "
+The binary option
+.q ignore
+causes \s-2RUBOUT\s0 characters from your terminal to be ignored and echoed
+as @'s while you are sending mail.  \s-2RUBOUT\s0 characters retain their
+original meaning in
+.i Mail
+command mode.
+Setting the
+.q ignore
+option is equivalent to supplying the
+.b \-i
+flag on the command line as described in section 6.
+.ip "\fBignoreeof\fP\ \ "
+An option related to
+.q dot
+is
+.q ignoreeof
+which makes
+.i Mail
+refuse to accept a control\-d as the end of a message.
+.q Ignoreeof
+also applies to
+.i Mail
+command mode.
+.ip "\fBkeep\fP\ \ "
+The
+.q keep
+option causes
+.i Mail
+to truncate your system mailbox instead of deleting it when it
+is empty.  This is useful if you elect to protect your mailbox, which
+you would do with the shell command:
+.(l
+chmod 600 /var/mail/yourname
+.)l
+where
+.i yourname
+is your login name.  If you do not do this, anyone can probably read
+your mail, although people usually don't.
+.ip "\fBkeepsave\fP\ \ "
+When you
+.b save
+a message,
+.i Mail
+usually discards it when you
+.b quit .
+To retain all saved messages, set the
+.q keepsave
+option.
+.ip "\fBmetoo\fP\ \ "
+When sending mail to an alias,
+.i Mail
+makes sure that if you are included in the alias, that mail will not
+be sent to you.  This is useful if a single alias is being used by
+all members of the group.  If however, you wish to receive a copy of
+all the messages you send to the alias, you can set the binary option
+.q metoo.
+.ip "\fBnoheader\fP\ \ "
+The binary option
+.q noheader
+suppresses the printing of the version and headers when
+.i Mail
+is first invoked. Setting this option is the same as using
+.b \-N
+on the command line.
+.ip "\fBnosave\fP\ \ "
+Normally,
+when you abort a message with two \s-2RUBOUTs\s0,
+.i Mail
+copies the partial letter to the file
+.q dead.letter
+in your home directory.  Setting the binary option
+.q nosave
+prevents this.
+.ip "\fBReplyall\fP\ \ "
+Reverses the sense of
+.i reply
+and
+.i Reply
+commands.
+.ip "\fBquiet\fP\ \ "
+The binary option
+.q quiet
+suppresses the printing of the version when
+.i Mail
+is first invoked,
+as well as printing the for example
+.q "Message 4:"
+from the
+.b type
+command.
+.ip "\fBrecord\fP\ \ "
+If you love to keep records, then the
+valued option
+.q record
+can be set to the name of a file to save your outgoing mail.
+Each new message you send is appended to the end of the file.
+.ip "\fBscreen\fP\ \ "
+When
+.i Mail
+initially prints the message headers, it determines the number to
+print by looking at the speed of your terminal.  The faster your
+terminal, the more it prints.
+The valued option
+.q screen
+overrides this calculation and
+specifies how many message headers you want printed.
+This number is also used for scrolling with the
+.b z
+command.
+.ip "\fBsendmail\fP\ \ "
+To use an alternate mail delivery system, set the
+.q sendmail
+option to the full pathname of the program to use.  Note:  this is not
+for everyone!  Most people should use the default delivery system.
+.ip "\fBtoplines\fP\ \ "
+The valued option
+.q toplines
+defines the number of lines that the
+.q top
+command will print out instead of the default five lines.
+.ip "\fBverbose\fP\ \ "
+The binary option "verbose" causes
+.i Mail
+to invoke sendmail with the 
+.b \-v
+flag, which causes it to go into verbose mode and announce expansion
+of aliases, etc. Setting the "verbose" option is equivalent to
+invoking
+.i Mail
+with the
+.b \-v
+flag as described in section 6.