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diff --git a/adv_cmds/ps/ps.1 b/adv_cmds/ps/ps.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..20eed1c --- /dev/null +++ b/adv_cmds/ps/ps.1 @@ -0,0 +1,663 @@ +.\"- +.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" @(#)ps.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94 +.\" $FreeBSD: src/bin/ps/ps.1,v 1.86 2005/04/29 11:10:27 maxim Exp $ +.\" +.Dd March 20, 2005 +.Dt PS 1 +.Os +.Sh NAME +.Nm ps +.Nd process status +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl AaCcEefhjlMmrSTvwXx +.Op Fl O Ar fmt | Fl o Ar fmt +.Op Fl G Ar gid Ns Op , Ns Ar gid Ns Ar ... +.Op Fl g Ar grp Ns Op , Ns Ar grp Ns Ar ... +.Op Fl u Ar uid Ns Op , Ns Ar uid Ns Ar ... +.Op Fl p Ar pid Ns Op , Ns Ar pid Ns Ar ... +.Op Fl t Ar tty Ns Op , Ns Ar tty Ns Ar ... +.Op Fl U Ar user Ns Op , Ns Ar user Ns Ar ... +.Nm +.Op Fl L +.Sh DESCRIPTION +The +.Nm +utility +displays a header line, followed by lines containing information about +all of your +processes that have controlling terminals. +.Pp +A different set of processes can be selected for display by using any +combination of the +.Fl a , G , g , p , T , t , U , +and +.Fl u +options. +If more than one of these options are given, then +.Nm +will select all processes which are matched by at least one of the +given options. +.Pp +For the processes which have been selected for display, +.Nm +will usually display one line per process. +The +.Fl M +option may result in multiple output lines (one line per thread) for +some processes. +By default all of these output lines are sorted first by controlling +terminal, then by process ID. +The +.Fl m , r , +and +.Fl v +options will change the sort order. +If more than one sorting option was given, then the selected processes +will be sorted by the last sorting option which was specified. +.Pp +For the processes which have been selected for display, the information +to display is selected based on a set of keywords (see the +.Fl L , O , +and +.Fl o +options). +The default output format includes, for each process, the process' ID, +controlling terminal, CPU time (including both user and system time), +state, and associated command. +.Pp +The options are as follows: +.Bl -tag -width indent +.It Fl A +Display information about other users' processes, +including those without controlling terminals. +.It Fl a +Display information about other users' processes as well as your own. +This will skip any processes which do not have a controlling terminal, +unless the +.Fl x +option is also specified. +.It Fl C +Change the way the CPU percentage is calculated by using a +.Dq raw +CPU calculation that ignores +.Dq resident +time (this normally has +no effect). +.It Fl c +Change the +.Dq command +column output to just contain the executable name, +rather than the full command line. +.It Fl d +Like +.Fl A , +but excludes session leaders. +.It Fl E +Display the environment as well. +This does not reflect changes in the environment after process launch. +.It Fl e +Identical to +.Fl A . +.It Fl f +Display the uid, pid, parent pid, recent CPU usage, process start time, +controlling tty, elapsed CPU usage, and the associated command. +If the +.Fl u +option is also used, display the user name rather then the numeric uid. +When +.Fl o +or +.Fl O +is used to add to the display following +.Fl f , +the command field is not truncated as severely as it is in other formats. +.It Fl G +Display information about processes +which are running with the specified real group IDs. +.It Fl g +Display information about processes with the specified +process group leaders. +.It Fl h +Repeat the information header as often as necessary +to guarantee one header per page of information. +.It Fl j +Print information associated with the following keywords: +.Cm user , pid , ppid , pgid , sess , jobc , state , tt , time , +and +.Cm command . +.It Fl L +List the set of keywords available for the +.Fl O +and +.Fl o +options. +.It Fl l +Display information associated with the following keywords: +.Cm uid , pid , ppid , flags , cpu , pri , nice , vsz=SZ , rss , +.Cm wchan , state=S , paddr=ADDR , tty , time , +and +.Cm command=CMD . +.It Fl M +Print the threads corresponding to each task. +.It Fl m +Sort by memory usage, instead of the combination of controlling +terminal and process ID. +.It Fl O +Add the information associated with the space or comma separated list +of keywords specified, after the process ID, +in the default information +display. +Keywords may be appended with an equals +.Pq Ql = +sign and a string. +This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of +the standard header. +.It Fl o +Display information associated with the space or comma separated +list of keywords specified. +Multiple keywords may also be given in the form of more than one +.Fl o +option. +Keywords may be appended with an equals +.Pq Ql = +sign and a string. +This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of +the standard header. +If all keywords have empty header texts, no header line is written. +.It Fl p +Display information about processes which match the specified process IDs. +.It Fl r +Sort by current CPU usage, instead of the combination of controlling +terminal and process ID. +.It Fl S +Change the way the process time is calculated by summing all exited +children to their parent process. +.It Fl T +Display information about processes attached to the device associated +with the standard input. +.It Fl t +Display information about processes attached to the specified terminal +devices. +.It Fl U +Display the processes belonging to the specified real user IDs. +.It Fl u +Display the processes belonging to the specified usernames. +.It Fl v +Display information associated with the following keywords: +.Cm pid , state , time , sl , re , pagein , vsz , rss , lim , tsiz , +.Cm %cpu , %mem , +and +.Cm command . +The +.Fl v +option implies the +.Fl m +option. +.It Fl w +Use 132 columns to display information, instead of the default which +is your window size. +If the +.Fl w +option is specified more than once, +.Nm +will use as many columns as necessary without regard for your window size. +When output is not to a terminal, an unlimited number of columns are +always used. +.It Fl X +When displaying processes matched by other options, skip any processes +which do not have a controlling terminal. +.It Fl x +When displaying processes matched by other options, include processes +which do not have a controlling terminal. +This is the opposite of the +.Fl X +option. +If both +.Fl X +and +.Fl x +are specified in the same command, then +.Nm +will use the one which was specified last. +.El +.Pp +A complete list of the available keywords is given below. +Some of these keywords are further specified as follows: +.Bl -tag -width lockname +.It Cm %cpu +The CPU utilization of the process; +this is a decaying average over up to a minute of previous (real) time. +Because the time base over which this is computed varies +(some processes may be very young), +it is possible for the sum of all +.Cm %cpu +fields to exceed 100%. +.It Cm %mem +The percentage of real memory used by this process. +.It Cm flags +The flags associated with the process as in +the include file +.In sys/proc.h : +.Bl -column P_STOPPED_SINGLE 0x4000000 +.It Dv "P_ADVLOCK" Ta No "0x00001 Process may hold a POSIX advisory lock" +.It Dv "P_CONTROLT" Ta No "0x00002 Has a controlling terminal" +.It Dv "P_LP64" Ta No "0x00004 Process is LP64" +.It Dv "P_NOCLDSTOP" Ta No "0x00008 No SIGCHLD when children stop" +.It Dv "P_PPWAIT" Ta No "0x00010 Parent is waiting for child to exec/exit" +.It Dv "P_PROFIL" Ta No "0x00020 Has started profiling" +.It Dv "P_SELECT" Ta No "0x00040 Selecting; wakeup/waiting danger" +.It Dv "P_CONTINUED" Ta No "0x00080 Process was stopped and continued" +.It Dv "P_SUGID" Ta No "0x00100 Had set id privileges since last exec" +.It Dv "P_SYSTEM" Ta No "0x00200 System proc: no sigs, stats or swapping" +.It Dv "P_TIMEOUT" Ta No "0x00400 Timing out during sleep" +.It Dv "P_TRACED" Ta No "0x00800 Debugged process being traced" +.It Dv "P_WAITED" Ta No "0x01000 Debugging process has waited for child" +.It Dv "P_WEXIT" Ta No "0x02000 Working on exiting" +.It Dv "P_EXEC" Ta No "0x04000 Process called exec" +.It Dv "P_OWEUPC" Ta No "0x08000 Owe process an addupc() call at next ast" +.It Dv "P_WAITING" Ta No "0x40000 Process has a wait() in progress" +.It Dv "P_KDEBUG" Ta No "0x80000 Kdebug tracing on for this process" +.El +.It Cm lim +The soft limit on memory used, specified via a call to +.Xr setrlimit 2 . +.It Cm lstart +The exact time the command started, using the +.Ql %c +format described in +.Xr strftime 3 . +.It Cm nice +The process scheduling increment (see +.Xr setpriority 2 ) . +.It Cm rss +the real memory (resident set) size of the process (in 1024 byte units). +.It Cm start +The time the command started. +If the command started less than 24 hours ago, the start time is +displayed using the +.Dq Li %l:ps.1p +format described in +.Xr strftime 3 . +If the command started less than 7 days ago, the start time is +displayed using the +.Dq Li %a6.15p +format. +Otherwise, the start time is displayed using the +.Dq Li %e%b%y +format. +.It Cm state +The state is given by a sequence of characters, for example, +.Dq Li RWNA . +The first character indicates the run state of the process: +.Pp +.Bl -tag -width indent -compact +.It Li I +Marks a process that is idle (sleeping for longer than about 20 seconds). +.It Li R +Marks a runnable process. +.It Li S +Marks a process that is sleeping for less than about 20 seconds. +.It Li T +Marks a stopped process. +.It Li U +Marks a process in uninterruptible wait. +.It Li Z +Marks a dead process (a +.Dq zombie ) . +.El +.Pp +Additional characters after these, if any, indicate additional state +information: +.Pp +.Bl -tag -width indent -compact +.It Li + +The process is in the foreground process group of its control terminal. +.It Li < +The process has raised CPU scheduling priority. +.It Li > +The process has specified a soft limit on memory requirements and is +currently exceeding that limit; such a process is (necessarily) not +swapped. +.It Li A +the process has asked for random page replacement +.Pf ( Dv VA_ANOM , +from +.Xr vadvise 2 , +for example, +.Xr lisp 1 +in a garbage collect). +.It Li E +The process is trying to exit. +.It Li L +The process has pages locked in core (for example, for raw +.Tn I/O ) . +.It Li N +The process has reduced CPU scheduling priority (see +.Xr setpriority 2 ) . +.It Li S +The process has asked for +.Tn FIFO +page replacement +.Pf ( Dv VA_SEQL , +from +.Xr vadvise 2 , +for example, a large image processing program using virtual memory to +sequentially address voluminous data). +.It Li s +The process is a session leader. +.It Li V +The process is suspended during a +.Xr vfork 2 . +.It Li W +The process is swapped out. +.It Li X +The process is being traced or debugged. +.El +.It Cm tt +An abbreviation for the pathname of the controlling terminal, if any. +The abbreviation consists of the three letters following +.Pa /dev/tty , +or, for the console, +.Dq Li con . +This is followed by a +.Ql - +if the process can no longer reach that +controlling terminal (i.e., it has been revoked). +.It Cm wchan +The event (an address in the system) on which a process waits. +When printed numerically, the initial part of the address is +trimmed off and the result is printed in hex, for example, 0x80324000 prints +as 324000. +.El +.Pp +When printing using the command keyword, a process that has exited and +has a parent that has not yet waited for the process (in other words, a zombie) +is listed as +.Dq Li <defunct> , +and a process which is blocked while trying +to exit is listed as +.Dq Li <exiting> . +If the arguments cannot be located (usually because it has not been set, as is +the case of system processes and/or kernel threads) the command name is printed +within square brackets. +The process can change the arguments shown with +.Xr setproctitle 3 . +Otherwise, +.Nm +makes an educated guess as to the file name and arguments given when the +process was created by examining memory or the swap area. +The method is inherently somewhat unreliable and in any event a process +is entitled to destroy this information. +The ucomm (accounting) keyword can, however, be depended on. +If the arguments are unavailable or do not agree with the ucomm keyword, +the value for the ucomm keyword is appended to the arguments in parentheses. +.Sh KEYWORDS +The following is a complete list of the available keywords and their +meanings. +Several of them have aliases (keywords which are synonyms). +.Pp +.Bl -tag -width ".Cm sigignore" -compact +.It Cm %cpu +percentage CPU usage (alias +.Cm pcpu ) +.It Cm %mem +percentage memory usage (alias +.Cm pmem ) +.It Cm acflag +accounting flag (alias +.Cm acflg ) +.It Cm args +command and arguments +.It Cm comm +command +.It Cm command +command and arguments +.It Cm cpu +short-term CPU usage factor (for scheduling) +.It Cm etime +elapsed running time +.It Cm flags +the process flags, in hexadecimal (alias +.Cm f ) +.It Cm gid +processes group id (alias +.Cm group ) +.It Cm inblk +total blocks read (alias +.Cm inblock ) +.It Cm jobc +job control count +.It Cm ktrace +tracing flags +.It Cm ktracep +tracing vnode +.It Cm lim +memoryuse limit +.It Cm logname +login name of user who started the session +.It Cm lstart +time started +.It Cm majflt +total page faults +.It Cm minflt +total page reclaims +.It Cm msgrcv +total messages received (reads from pipes/sockets) +.It Cm msgsnd +total messages sent (writes on pipes/sockets) +.It Cm nice +nice value (alias +.Cm ni ) +.It Cm nivcsw +total involuntary context switches +.It Cm nsigs +total signals taken (alias +.Cm nsignals ) +.It Cm nswap +total swaps in/out +.It Cm nvcsw +total voluntary context switches +.It Cm nwchan +wait channel (as an address) +.It Cm oublk +total blocks written (alias +.Cm oublock ) +.It Cm p_ru +resource usage (valid only for zombie) +.It Cm paddr +swap address +.It Cm pagein +pageins (same as majflt) +.It Cm pgid +process group number +.It Cm pid +process ID +.It Cm ppid +parent process ID +.It Cm pri +scheduling priority +.It Cm re +core residency time (in seconds; 127 = infinity) +.It Cm rgid +real group ID +.It Cm rss +resident set size +.It Cm ruid +real user ID +.It Cm ruser +user name (from ruid) +.It Cm sess +session ID +.It Cm sig +pending signals (alias +.Cm pending ) +.It Cm sigmask +blocked signals (alias +.Cm blocked ) +.It Cm sl +sleep time (in seconds; 127 = infinity) +.It Cm start +time started +.It Cm state +symbolic process state (alias +.Cm stat ) +.It Cm svgid +saved gid from a setgid executable +.It Cm svuid +saved UID from a setuid executable +.It Cm tdev +control terminal device number +.It Cm time +accumulated CPU time, user + system (alias +.Cm cputime ) +.It Cm tpgid +control terminal process group ID +.\".It Cm trss +.\"text resident set size (in Kbytes) +.It Cm tsess +control terminal session ID +.It Cm tsiz +text size (in Kbytes) +.It Cm tt +control terminal name (two letter abbreviation) +.It Cm tty +full name of control terminal +.It Cm ucomm +name to be used for accounting +.It Cm uid +effective user ID +.It Cm upr +scheduling priority on return from system call (alias +.Cm usrpri ) +.It Cm user +user name (from UID) +.It Cm utime +user CPU time (alias +.Cm putime ) +.It Cm vsz +virtual size in Kbytes (alias +.Cm vsize ) +.It Cm wchan +wait channel (as a symbolic name) +.It Cm wq +total number of workqueue threads +.It Cm wqb +number of blocked workqueue threads +.It Cm wqr +number of running workqueue threads +.It Cm wql +workqueue limit status (C = constrained thread limit, T = total thread limit) +.It Cm xstat +exit or stop status (valid only for stopped or zombie process) +.El +.Sh ENVIRONMENT +The following environment variables affect the execution of +.Nm : +.Bl -tag -width ".Ev COLUMNS" +.It Ev COLUMNS +If set, specifies the user's preferred output width in column positions. +By default, +.Nm +attempts to automatically determine the terminal width. +.El +.Sh FILES +.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /boot/kernel/kernel" -compact +.It Pa /dev +special files and device names +.It Pa /var/run/dev.db +/dev name database +.It Pa /var/db/kvm_kernel.db +system namelist database +.El +.Sh LEGACY DESCRIPTION +In legacy mode, +.Nm +functions as described above, with the following differences: +.Bl -tag -width indent +.It Fl e +Display the environment as well. Same as +.Fl E . +.It Fl g +Ignored for compatibility. Takes no argument. +.It Fl l +Display information associated with the following keywords: +.Cm uid , pid , ppid , cpu , pri , nice , vsz , rss , wchan , state , +.Cm tt, time , +and +.Cm command . +.It Fl u +Display information associated with the following keywords: +.Cm user , pid , %cpu , %mem , vsz , rss , tt , state , start , time , +and +.Cm command . +The +.Fl u +option implies the +.Fl r +option. +.El +.Pp +The biggest change is in the interpretation of the +.Fl u +option, +which now displays processes belonging to the specified username(s). +Thus, "ps -aux" will fail (unless you want to know about user "x"). +As a convenience, however, "ps aux" still works as it did in Tiger. +.Pp +For more information about legacy mode, see +.Xr compat 5 . +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr kill 1 , +.Xr w 1 , +.Xr kvm 3 , +.Xr strftime 3 , +.Xr sysctl 8 +.Sh STANDARDS +The +.Nm +utility supports the +.St -susv3 +standard. +.Sh HISTORY +The +.Nm +command appeared in +.At v4 . +.Sh BUGS +Since +.Nm +cannot run faster than the system and is run as any other scheduled +process, the information it displays can never be exact. +.Pp +The +.Nm +utility does not correctly display argument lists containing multibyte +characters. |