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diff --git a/shell_cmds/find/find.1 b/shell_cmds/find/find.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c6bb28f --- /dev/null +++ b/shell_cmds/find/find.1 @@ -0,0 +1,1078 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by +.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" @(#)find.1 8.7 (Berkeley) 5/9/95 +.\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/find/find.1,v 1.91 2011/09/28 18:53:36 ed Exp $ +.\" +.Dd September 28, 2011 +.Dt FIND 1 +.Os +.Sh NAME +.Nm find +.Nd walk a file hierarchy +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl H | Fl L | Fl P +.Op Fl EXdsx +.Op Fl f Ar path +.Ar path ... +.Op Ar expression +.Nm +.Op Fl H | Fl L | Fl P +.Op Fl EXdsx +.Fl f Ar path +.Op Ar path ... +.Op Ar expression +.Sh DESCRIPTION +The +.Nm +utility recursively descends the directory tree for each +.Ar path +listed, evaluating an +.Ar expression +(composed of the +.Dq primaries +and +.Dq operands +listed below) in terms +of each file in the tree. +.Pp +The options are as follows: +.Bl -tag -width indent +.It Fl E +Interpret regular expressions followed by +.Ic -regex +and +.Ic -iregex +primaries as extended (modern) regular expressions rather than basic +regular expressions (BRE's). +The +.Xr re_format 7 +manual page fully describes both formats. +.It Fl H +Cause the file information and file type (see +.Xr stat 2 ) +returned for each symbolic link specified on the command line to be +those of the file referenced by the link, not the link itself. +If the referenced file does not exist, the file information and type will +be for the link itself. +File information of all symbolic links not on +the command line is that of the link itself. +.It Fl L +Cause the file information and file type (see +.Xr stat 2 ) +returned for each symbolic link to be those of the file referenced by the +link, not the link itself. +If the referenced file does not exist, the file information and type will +be for the link itself. +.Pp +This option is equivalent to the deprecated +.Ic -follow +primary. +.It Fl P +Cause the file information and file type (see +.Xr stat 2 ) +returned for each symbolic link to be those of the link itself. +This is the default. +.It Fl X +Permit +.Nm +to be safely used in conjunction with +.Xr xargs 1 . +If a file name contains any of the delimiting characters used by +.Xr xargs 1 , +a diagnostic message is displayed on standard error, and the file +is skipped. +The delimiting characters include single +.Pq Dq Li " ' " +and double +.Pq Dq Li " \*q " +quotes, backslash +.Pq Dq Li \e , +space, tab and newline characters. +.Pp +However, you may wish to consider the +.Fl print0 +primary in conjunction with +.Dq Nm xargs Fl 0 +as an effective alternative. +.It Fl d +Cause +.Nm +to perform a depth-first traversal, i.e., directories +are visited in post-order and all entries in a directory will be acted +on before the directory itself. +By default, +.Nm +visits directories in pre-order, i.e., before their contents. +Note, the default is +.Em not +a breadth-first traversal. +.Pp +This option is equivalent to the +.Ic -depth +primary of +.St -p1003.1-2001 . +The +.Fl d +option +can be useful when +.Nm +is used with +.Xr cpio 1 +to process files that are contained in directories with unusual permissions. +It ensures that you have write permission while you are placing files in a +directory, then sets the directory's permissions as the last thing. +.It Fl f +Specify a file hierarchy for +.Nm +to traverse. +File hierarchies may also be specified as the operands immediately +following the options. +.It Fl s +Cause +.Nm +to traverse the file hierarchies in lexicographical order, +i.e., alphabetical order within each directory. +Note: +.Ql find -s +and +.Ql "find | sort" +may give different results. +.It Fl x +Prevent +.Nm +from descending into directories that have a device number different +than that of the file from which the descent began. +.Pp +This option is equivalent to the deprecated +.Ic -xdev +primary. +.El +.Sh PRIMARIES +.Pp +All primaries which take a numeric argument allow the number to be +preceded by a plus sign +.Pq Dq Li + +or a minus sign +.Pq Dq Li - . +A preceding plus sign means +.Dq more than n , +a preceding minus sign means +.Dq less than n +and neither means +.Dq exactly n . +.Bl -tag -width indent +.It Ic -Bmin Ar n +True if the difference between the time of a file's inode creation +and the time +.Nm +was started, rounded up to the next full minute, is +.Ar n +minutes. +.It Ic -Bnewer Ar file +Same as +.Ic -newerBm . +.It Ic -Btime Ar n Ns Op Cm smhdw +If no units are specified, this primary evaluates to +true if the difference between the time of a file's inode creation +and the time +.Nm +was started, rounded up to the next full 24-hour period, is +.Ar n +24-hour periods. +.Pp +If units are specified, this primary evaluates to +true if the difference between the time of a file's inode creation +and the time +.Nm +was started is exactly +.Ar n +units. +Please refer to the +.Ic -atime +primary description for information on supported time units. +.It Ic -acl +May be used in conjunction with other primaries to locate +files with extended ACLs. +See +.Xr acl 3 +for more information. +.It Ic -amin Ar n +True if the difference between the file last access time and the time +.Nm +was started, rounded up to the next full minute, is +.Ar n +minutes. +.It Ic -anewer Ar file +Same as +.Ic -neweram . +.It Ic -atime Ar n Ns Op Cm smhdw +If no units are specified, this primary evaluates to +true if the difference between the file last access time and the time +.Nm +was started, rounded up to the next full 24-hour period, is +.Ar n +24-hour periods. +.Pp +If units are specified, this primary evaluates to +true if the difference between the file last access time and the time +.Nm +was started is exactly +.Ar n +units. +Possible time units are as follows: +.Pp +.Bl -tag -width indent -compact +.It Cm s +second +.It Cm m +minute (60 seconds) +.It Cm h +hour (60 minutes) +.It Cm d +day (24 hours) +.It Cm w +week (7 days) +.El +.Pp +Any number of units may be combined in one +.Ic -atime +argument, for example, +.Dq Li "-atime -1h30m" . +Units are probably only useful when used in conjunction with the +.Cm + +or +.Cm - +modifier. +.It Ic -cmin Ar n +True if the difference between the time of last change of file status +information and the time +.Nm +was started, rounded up to the next full minute, is +.Ar n +minutes. +.It Ic -cnewer Ar file +Same as +.Ic -newercm . +.It Ic -ctime Ar n Ns Op Cm smhdw +If no units are specified, this primary evaluates to +true if the difference between the time of last change of file status +information and the time +.Nm +was started, rounded up to the next full 24-hour period, is +.Ar n +24-hour periods. +.Pp +If units are specified, this primary evaluates to +true if the difference between the time of last change of file status +information and the time +.Nm +was started is exactly +.Ar n +units. +Please refer to the +.Ic -atime +primary description for information on supported time units. +.It Ic -d +Same as +.Ic depth . +GNU find implements this as a primary in mistaken emulation of +.Fx +.Xr find 1 . +.It Ic -delete +Delete found files and/or directories. +Always returns true. +This executes +from the current working directory as +.Nm +recurses down the tree. +It will not attempt to delete a filename with a +.Dq Pa / +character in its pathname relative to +.Dq Pa \&. +for security reasons. +Depth-first traversal processing is implied by this option. +Following symlinks is incompatible with this option. +.It Ic -depth +Always true; +same as the +.Fl d +option. +.It Ic -depth Ar n +True if the depth of the file relative to the starting point of the traversal +is +.Ar n . +.It Ic -empty +True if the current file or directory is empty. +.It Ic -exec Ar utility Oo Ar argument ... Oc Li \&; +True if the program named +.Ar utility +returns a zero value as its exit status. +Optional +.Ar arguments +may be passed to the utility. +The expression must be terminated by a semicolon +.Pq Dq Li \&; . +If you invoke +.Nm +from a shell you may need to quote the semicolon if the shell would +otherwise treat it as a control operator. +If the string +.Dq Li {} +appears anywhere in the utility name or the +arguments it is replaced by the pathname of the current file. +.Ar Utility +will be executed from the directory from which +.Nm +was executed. +.Ar Utility +and +.Ar arguments +are not subject to the further expansion of shell patterns +and constructs. +.It Ic -exec Ar utility Oo Ar argument ... Oc Li {} + +Same as +.Ic -exec , +except that +.Dq Li {} +is replaced with as many pathnames as possible for each invocation of +.Ar utility . +This behaviour is similar to that of +.Xr xargs 1 . +.It Ic -execdir Ar utility Oo Ar argument ... Oc Li \&; +The +.Ic -execdir +primary is identical to the +.Ic -exec +primary with the exception that +.Ar utility +will be executed from the directory that holds +the current file. +The filename substituted for +the string +.Dq Li {} +is not qualified. +.It Ic -execdir Ar utility Oo Ar argument ... Oc Li {} + +Same as +.Ic -execdir , +except that +.Dq Li {} +is replaced with as many pathnames as possible for each invocation of +.Ar utility . +This behaviour is similar to that of +.Xr xargs 1 . +.It Ic -flags Oo Cm - Ns | Ns Cm + Oc Ns Ar flags , Ns Ar notflags +The flags are specified using symbolic names (see +.Xr chflags 1 ) . +Those with the +.Qq Li no +prefix (except +.Qq Li nodump ) +are said to be +.Ar notflags . +Flags in +.Ar flags +are checked to be set, and flags in +.Ar notflags +are checked to be not set. +Note that this is different from +.Ic -perm , +which only allows the user to specify mode bits that are set. +.Pp +If flags are preceded by a dash +.Pq Dq Li - , +this primary evaluates to true +if at least all of the bits in +.Ar flags +and none of the bits in +.Ar notflags +are set in the file's flags bits. +If flags are preceded by a plus +.Pq Dq Li + , +this primary evaluates to true +if any of the bits in +.Ar flags +is set in the file's flags bits, +or any of the bits in +.Ar notflags +is not set in the file's flags bits. +Otherwise, +this primary evaluates to true +if the bits in +.Ar flags +exactly match the file's flags bits, +and none of the +.Ar flags +bits match those of +.Ar notflags . +.It Ic -fstype Ar type +True if the file is contained in a file system of type +.Ar type . +The +.Xr lsvfs 1 +command can be used to find out the types of file systems +that are available on the system. +In addition, there are two pseudo-types, +.Dq Li local +and +.Dq Li rdonly . +The former matches any file system physically mounted on the system where +the +.Nm +is being executed and the latter matches any file system which is +mounted read-only. +.It Ic -gid Ar gname +The same thing as +.Ar -group Ar gname +for compatibility with GNU find. +GNU find imposes a restriction that +.Ar gname +is numeric, while +.Xr find 1 +does not. +.It Ic -group Ar gname +True if the file belongs to the group +.Ar gname . +If +.Ar gname +is numeric and there is no such group name, then +.Ar gname +is treated as a group ID. +.It Ic -ignore_readdir_race +This option is for GNU find compatibility and is ignored. +.It Ic -ilname Ar pattern +Like +.Ic -lname , +but the match is case insensitive. +This is a GNU find extension. +.It Ic -iname Ar pattern +Like +.Ic -name , +but the match is case insensitive. +.It Ic -inum Ar n +True if the file has inode number +.Ar n . +.It Ic -ipath Ar pattern +Like +.Ic -path , +but the match is case insensitive. +.It Ic -iregex Ar pattern +Like +.Ic -regex , +but the match is case insensitive. +.It Ic -iwholename Ar pattern +The same thing as +.Ic -ipath , +for GNU find compatibility. +.It Ic -links Ar n +True if the file has +.Ar n +links. +.It Ic -lname Ar pattern +Like +.Ic -name , +but the contents of the symbolic link are matched instead of the file +name. +Note that this only matches broken symbolic links +if symbolic links are being followed. +This is a GNU find extension. +.It Ic -ls +This primary always evaluates to true. +The following information for the current file is written to standard output: +its inode number, size in 512-byte blocks, file permissions, number of hard +links, owner, group, size in bytes, last modification time, and pathname. +If the file is a block or character special file, the device number +will be displayed instead of the size in bytes. +If the file is a symbolic link, the pathname of the linked-to file will be +displayed preceded by +.Dq Li -> . +The format is identical to that produced by +.Bk -words +.Dq Nm ls Fl dgils . +.Ek +.It Ic -maxdepth Ar n +Always true; descend at most +.Ar n +directory levels below the command line arguments. +If any +.Ic -maxdepth +primary is specified, it applies to the entire expression even if it would +not normally be evaluated. +.Dq Ic -maxdepth Li 0 +limits the whole search to the command line arguments. +.It Ic -mindepth Ar n +Always true; do not apply any tests or actions at levels less than +.Ar n . +If any +.Ic -mindepth +primary is specified, it applies to the entire expression even if it would +not normally be evaluated. +.Dq Ic -mindepth Li 1 +processes all but the command line arguments. +.It Ic -mmin Ar n +True if the difference between the file last modification time and the time +.Nm +was started, rounded up to the next full minute, is +.Ar n +minutes. +.It Ic -mnewer Ar file +Same as +.Ic -newer . +.It Ic -mount +The same thing as +.Ic -xdev , +for GNU find compatibility. +.It Ic -mtime Ar n Ns Op Cm smhdw +If no units are specified, this primary evaluates to +true if the difference between the file last modification time and the time +.Nm +was started, rounded up to the next full 24-hour period, is +.Ar n +24-hour periods. +.Pp +If units are specified, this primary evaluates to +true if the difference between the file last modification time and the time +.Nm +was started is exactly +.Ar n +units. +Please refer to the +.Ic -atime +primary description for information on supported time units. +.It Ic -name Ar pattern +True if the last component of the pathname being examined matches +.Ar pattern . +Special shell pattern matching characters +.Dq ( Li \&[ , +.Dq Li \&] , +.Dq Li * , +and +.Dq Li \&? ) +may be used as part of +.Ar pattern . +These characters may be matched explicitly by escaping them with a +backslash +.Pq Dq Li \e . +.It Ic -newer Ar file +True if the current file has a more recent last modification time than +.Ar file . +.It Ic -newer Ns Ar X Ns Ar Y Ar file +True if the current file has a more recent last access time +.Pq Ar X Ns = Ns Cm a , +inode creation time +.Pq Ar X Ns = Ns Cm B , +change time +.Pq Ar X Ns = Ns Cm c , +or modification time +.Pq Ar X Ns = Ns Cm m +than the last access time +.Pq Ar Y Ns = Ns Cm a , +inode creation time +.Pq Ar Y Ns = Ns Cm B , +change time +.Pq Ar Y Ns = Ns Cm c , +or modification time +.Pq Ar Y Ns = Ns Cm m +of +.Ar file . +In addition, if +.Ar Y Ns = Ns Cm t , +then +.Ar file +is instead interpreted as a direct date specification of the form +understood by +.Xr cvs 1 . +Note that +.Ic -newermm +is equivalent to +.Ic -newer . +.It Ic -nogroup +True if the file belongs to an unknown group. +.It Ic -noignore_readdir_race +This option is for GNU find compatibility and is ignored. +.It Ic -noleaf +This option is for GNU find compatibility. +In GNU find it disables an optimization not relevant to +.Xr find 1 , +so it is ignored. +.It Ic -nouser +True if the file belongs to an unknown user. +.It Ic -ok Ar utility Oo Ar argument ... Oc Li \&; +The +.Ic -ok +primary is identical to the +.Ic -exec +primary with the exception that +.Nm +requests user affirmation for the execution of the +.Ar utility +by printing +a message to the terminal and reading a response. +If the response is not affirmative +.Ql ( y +in the +.Dq Li POSIX +locale), +the command is not executed and the +value of the +.Ic -ok +expression is false. +.It Ic -okdir Ar utility Oo Ar argument ... Oc Li \&; +The +.Ic -okdir +primary is identical to the +.Ic -execdir +primary with the same exception as described for the +.Ic -ok +primary. +.It Ic -path Ar pattern +True if the pathname being examined matches +.Ar pattern . +Special shell pattern matching characters +.Dq ( Li \&[ , +.Dq Li \&] , +.Dq Li * , +and +.Dq Li \&? ) +may be used as part of +.Ar pattern . +These characters may be matched explicitly by escaping them with a +backslash +.Pq Dq Li \e . +Slashes +.Pq Dq Li / +are treated as normal characters and do not have to be +matched explicitly. +.It Ic -perm Oo Cm - Ns | Ns Cm + Oc Ns Ar mode +The +.Ar mode +may be either symbolic (see +.Xr chmod 1 ) +or an octal number. +If the +.Ar mode +is symbolic, a starting value of zero is assumed and the +.Ar mode +sets or clears permissions without regard to the process' file mode +creation mask. +If the +.Ar mode +is octal, only bits 07777 +.Pq Dv S_ISUID | S_ISGID | S_ISTXT | S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO +of the file's mode bits participate +in the comparison. +If the +.Ar mode +is preceded by a dash +.Pq Dq Li - , +this primary evaluates to true +if at least all of the bits in the +.Ar mode +are set in the file's mode bits. +If the +.Ar mode +is preceded by a plus +.Pq Dq Li + , +this primary evaluates to true +if any of the bits in the +.Ar mode +are set in the file's mode bits. +Otherwise, this primary evaluates to true if +the bits in the +.Ar mode +exactly match the file's mode bits. +Note, the first character of a symbolic mode may not be a dash +.Pq Dq Li - . +.It Ic -print +This primary always evaluates to true. +It prints the pathname of the current file to standard output. +If none of +.\" 4772561 +.Ic -exec , -ls , -print , -print0 , +or +.Ic -ok +is specified, the given expression shall be effectively replaced by +.Cm \&( Ar "given expression" Cm \&) Ic -print . +.It Ic -print0 +This primary always evaluates to true. +It prints the pathname of the current file to standard output, followed by an +.Tn ASCII +.Dv NUL +character (character code 0). +.It Ic -prune +This primary always evaluates to true. +It causes +.Nm +to not descend into the current file. +Note, the +.Ic -prune +primary has no effect if the +.Fl d +option was specified. +.It Ic -regex Ar pattern +True if the whole path of the file matches +.Ar pattern +using regular expression. +To match a file named +.Dq Pa ./foo/xyzzy , +you can use the regular expression +.Dq Li ".*/[xyz]*" +or +.Dq Li ".*/foo/.*" , +but not +.Dq Li xyzzy +or +.Dq Li /foo/ . +.It Ic -samefile Ar name +True if the file is a hard link to +.Ar name . +If the command option +.Ic -L +is specified, it is also true if the file is a symbolic link and +points to +.Ar name . +.It Ic -size Ar n Ns Op Cm ckMGTP +True if the file's size, rounded up, in 512-byte blocks is +.Ar n . +If +.Ar n +is followed by a +.Cm c , +then the primary is true if the +file's size is +.Ar n +bytes (characters). +Similarly if +.Ar n +is followed by a scale indicator then the file's size is compared to +.Ar n +scaled as: +.Pp +.Bl -tag -width indent -compact +.It Cm k +kilobytes (1024 bytes) +.It Cm M +megabytes (1024 kilobytes) +.It Cm G +gigabytes (1024 megabytes) +.It Cm T +terabytes (1024 gigabytes) +.It Cm P +petabytes (1024 terabytes) +.El +.It Ic -type Ar t +True if the file is of the specified type. +Possible file types are as follows: +.Pp +.Bl -tag -width indent -compact +.It Cm b +block special +.It Cm c +character special +.It Cm d +directory +.It Cm f +regular file +.It Cm l +symbolic link +.It Cm p +FIFO +.It Cm s +socket +.El +.It Ic -uid Ar uname +The same thing as +.Ar -user Ar uname +for compatibility with GNU find. +GNU find imposes a restriction that +.Ar uname +is numeric, while +.Xr find 1 +does not. +.It Ic -user Ar uname +True if the file belongs to the user +.Ar uname . +If +.Ar uname +is numeric and there is no such user name, then +.Ar uname +is treated as a user ID. +.It Ic -wholename Ar pattern +The same thing as +.Ic -path , +for GNU find compatibility. +.It Ic -xattr +True if the file has any extended attributes. +.It Ic -xattrname Ar name +True if the file has an extended attribute with the specified +.Ar name . +.El +.Sh OPERATORS +The primaries may be combined using the following operators. +The operators are listed in order of decreasing precedence. +.Pp +.Bl -tag -width indent -compact +.It Cm \&( Ar expression Cm \&) +This evaluates to true if the parenthesized expression evaluates to +true. +.Pp +.It Cm \&! Ar expression +.It Cm -not Ar expression +This is the unary +.Tn NOT +operator. +It evaluates to true if the expression is false. +.Pp +.It Cm -false +Always false. +.It Cm -true +Always true. +.Pp +.It Ar expression Cm -and Ar expression +.It Ar expression expression +The +.Cm -and +operator is the logical +.Tn AND +operator. +As it is implied by the juxtaposition of two expressions it does not +have to be specified. +The expression evaluates to true if both expressions are true. +The second expression is not evaluated if the first expression is false. +.Pp +.It Ar expression Cm -or Ar expression +The +.Cm -or +operator is the logical +.Tn OR +operator. +The expression evaluates to true if either the first or the second expression +is true. +The second expression is not evaluated if the first expression is true. +.El +.Pp +All operands and primaries must be separate arguments to +.Nm . +Primaries which themselves take arguments expect each argument +to be a separate argument to +.Nm . +.Sh ENVIRONMENT +The +.Ev LANG , LC_ALL , LC_COLLATE , LC_CTYPE , LC_MESSAGES +and +.Ev LC_TIME +environment variables affect the execution of the +.Nm +utility as described in +.Xr environ 7 . +.Sh EXAMPLES +The following examples are shown as given to the shell: +.Bl -tag -width indent +.It Li "find / \e! -name \*q*.c\*q -print" +Print out a list of all the files whose names do not end in +.Pa .c . +.It Li "find / -newer ttt -user wnj -print" +Print out a list of all the files owned by user +.Dq wnj +that are newer +than the file +.Pa ttt . +.It Li "find / \e! \e( -newer ttt -user wnj \e) -print" +Print out a list of all the files which are not both newer than +.Pa ttt +and owned by +.Dq wnj . +.It Li "find / \e( -newer ttt -or -user wnj \e) -print" +Print out a list of all the files that are either owned by +.Dq wnj +or that are newer than +.Pa ttt . +.It Li "find / -newerct '1 minute ago' -print" +Print out a list of all the files whose inode change time is more +recent than the current time minus one minute. +.It Li "find / -type f -exec echo {} \e;" +Use the +.Xr echo 1 +command to print out a list of all the files. +.It Li "find -L /usr/ports/packages -type l -exec rm -- {} +" +Delete all broken symbolic links in +.Pa /usr/ports/packages . +.It Li "find /usr/src -name CVS -prune -o -depth +6 -print" +Find files and directories that are at least seven levels deep +in the working directory +.Pa /usr/src . +.It Li "find /usr/src -name CVS -prune -o -mindepth 7 -print" +Is not equivalent to the previous example, since +.Ic -prune +is not evaluated below level seven. +.El +.Sh COMPATIBILITY +The +.Ic -follow +primary is deprecated; the +.Fl L +option should be used instead. +See the +.Sx STANDARDS +section below for details. +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr chflags 1 , +.Xr chmod 1 , +.Xr cvs 1 , +.Xr locate 1 , +.Xr lsvfs 1 , +.Xr whereis 1 , +.Xr which 1 , +.Xr xargs 1 , +.Xr stat 2 , +.Xr acl 3 , +.Xr fts 3 , +.Xr getgrent 3 , +.Xr getpwent 3 , +.Xr strmode 3 , +.Xr re_format 7 , +.Xr symlink 7 +.Sh STANDARDS +The +.Nm +utility syntax is a superset of the syntax specified by the +.St -p1003.1-2001 +standard. +.Pp +All the single character options except +.Fl H +and +.Fl L +as well as +.Ic -amin , -anewer , -cmin , -cnewer , -delete , -empty , -fstype , +.Ic -iname , -inum , -iregex , -ls , -maxdepth , -mindepth , -mmin , +.Ic -path , -print0 , -regex +and all of the +.Ic -B* +birthtime related primaries are extensions to +.St -p1003.1-2001 . +.Pp +Historically, the +.Fl d , L +and +.Fl x +options were implemented using the primaries +.Ic -depth , -follow , +and +.Ic -xdev . +These primaries always evaluated to true. +As they were really global variables that took effect before the traversal +began, some legal expressions could have unexpected results. +An example is the expression +.Ic -print Cm -o Ic -depth . +As +.Ic -print +always evaluates to true, the standard order of evaluation +implies that +.Ic -depth +would never be evaluated. +This is not the case. +.Pp +The operator +.Cm -or +was implemented as +.Cm -o , +and the operator +.Cm -and +was implemented as +.Cm -a . +.Pp +Historic implementations of the +.Ic -exec +and +.Ic -ok +primaries did not replace the string +.Dq Li {} +in the utility name or the +utility arguments if it had preceding or following non-whitespace characters. +This version replaces it no matter where in the utility name or arguments +it appears. +.Pp +The +.Fl E +option was inspired by the equivalent +.Xr grep 1 +and +.Xr sed 1 +options. +.Sh HISTORY +A +.Nm +command appeared in +.At v1 . +.Sh BUGS +The special characters used by +.Nm +are also special characters to many shell programs. +In particular, the characters +.Dq Li * , +.Dq Li \&[ , +.Dq Li \&] , +.Dq Li \&? , +.Dq Li \&( , +.Dq Li \&) , +.Dq Li \&! , +.Dq Li \e +and +.Dq Li \&; +may have to be escaped from the shell. +.Pp +As there is no delimiter separating options and file names or file +names and the +.Ar expression , +it is difficult to specify files named +.Pa -xdev +or +.Pa \&! . +These problems are handled by the +.Fl f +option and the +.Xr getopt 3 +.Dq Fl Fl +construct. +.Pp +The +.Ic -delete +primary does not interact well with other options that cause the file system +tree traversal options to be changed. +.Pp +The +.Ic -mindepth +and +.Ic -maxdepth +primaries are actually global options (as documented above). +They should +probably be replaced by options which look like options. |