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Diffstat (limited to 'shell_cmds/jot/jot.1')
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diff --git a/shell_cmds/jot/jot.1 b/shell_cmds/jot/jot.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b94fab4 --- /dev/null +++ b/shell_cmds/jot/jot.1 @@ -0,0 +1,251 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" @(#)jot.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 +.\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/jot/jot.1,v 1.24 2010/02/20 00:16:44 delphij Exp $ +.\" +.Dd February 19, 2010 +.Dt JOT 1 +.Os +.Sh NAME +.Nm jot +.Nd print sequential or random data +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl cnr +.Op Fl b Ar word +.Op Fl w Ar word +.Op Fl s Ar string +.Op Fl p Ar precision +.Op Ar reps Op Ar begin Op Ar end Op Ar s +.Sh DESCRIPTION +The +.Nm +utility is used to print out increasing, decreasing, random, +or redundant data, usually numbers, one per line. +.Pp +The following options are available: +.Bl -tag -width indent +.It Fl r +Generate random data instead of the default sequential data. +.It Fl b Ar word +Just print +.Ar word +repetitively. +.It Fl w Ar word +Print +.Ar word +with the generated data appended to it. +Octal, hexadecimal, exponential, +.Tn ASCII , +zero padded, +and right-adjusted representations +are possible by using the appropriate +.Xr printf 3 +conversion specification inside +.Ar word , +in which case the data are inserted rather than appended. +.It Fl c +This is an abbreviation for +.Fl w Ar %c . +.It Fl s Ar string +Print data separated by +.Ar string . +Normally, newlines separate data. +.It Fl n +Do not print the final newline normally appended to the output. +.It Fl p Ar precision +Print only as many digits or characters of the data +as indicated by the integer +.Ar precision . +In the absence of +.Fl p , +the precision is the greater of the precisions of +.Ar begin +and +.Ar end . +The +.Fl p +option is overridden by whatever appears in a +.Xr printf 3 +conversion following +.Fl w . +.El +.Pp +The last four arguments indicate, respectively, +the number of data, the lower bound, the upper bound, +and the step size or, for random data, the seed. +While at least one of them must appear, +any of the other three may be omitted, and +will be considered as such if given as +.Fl "" +or as an empty string. +Any three of these arguments determines the fourth. +If four are specified and the given and computed values of +.Ar reps +conflict, the lower value is used. +If fewer than three are specified, defaults are assigned +left to right, except for +.Ar s , +which assumes a default of 1 or -1 if both +.Ar begin +and +.Ar end +are given. +.Pp +Defaults for the four arguments are, respectively, +100, 1, 100, and 1, except that when random data are requested, +the seed, +.Ar s , +is picked randomly. +The +.Ar reps +argument is expected to be an unsigned integer, +and if given as zero is taken to be infinite. +The +.Ar begin +and +.Ar end +arguments may be given as real numbers or as characters +representing the corresponding value in +.Tn ASCII . +The last argument must be a real number. +.Pp +Random numbers are obtained through +.Xr arc4random 3 +when no seed is specified, +and through +.Xr random 3 +when a seed is given. +When +.Nm +is asked to generate random integers or characters with begin +and end values in the range of the random number generator function +and no format is specified with one of the +.Fl w , +.Fl b , +or +.Fl p +options, +.Nm +will arrange for all the values in the range to appear in the output +with an equal probability. +In all other cases be careful to ensure that the output format's +rounding or truncation will not skew the distribution of output +values in an unintended way. +.Pp +The name +.Nm +derives in part from +.Nm iota , +a function in APL. +.Sh EXIT STATUS +.Ex -std +.Sh EXAMPLES +The command +.Dl jot - 1 10 +.Pp +prints the integers from 1 to 10, +while the command +.Dl jot 21 -1 1.00 +.Pp +prints 21 evenly spaced numbers increasing from -1 to 1. +The +.Tn ASCII +character set is generated with +.Dl jot -c 128 0 +.Pp +and the strings xaa through xaz with +.Dl jot -w xa%c 26 a +.Pp +while 20 random 8-letter strings are produced with +.Dl "jot -r -c 160 a z | rs -g 0 8" +.Pp +Infinitely many +.Em yes Ns 's +may be obtained through +.Dl jot -b yes 0 +.Pp +and thirty +.Xr ed 1 +substitution commands applying to lines 2, 7, 12, etc.\& is +the result of +.Dl jot -w %ds/old/new/ 30 2 - 5 +.Pp +The stuttering sequence 9, 9, 8, 8, 7, etc.\& can be +produced by suitable choice of step size, +as in +.Dl jot - 9 0 -.5 +.Pp +and a file containing exactly 1024 bytes is created with +.Dl jot -b x 512 > block +.Pp +Finally, to set tabs four spaces apart starting +from column 10 and ending in column 132, use +.Dl expand -`jot -s, - 10 132 4` +.Pp +and to print all lines 80 characters or longer, +.Dl grep `jot -s \&"\&" -b \&. 80` +.Sh DIAGNOSTICS +The following diagnostic messages deserve special explanation: +.Bl -diag +.It "illegal or unsupported format '%s'" +The requested conversion format specifier for +.Xr printf 3 +was not of the form +.Dl %[#][ ][{+,-}][0-9]*[.[0-9]*]? +where +.Dq ?\& +must be one of +.Dl [l]{d,i,o,u,x} +or +.Dl {c,e,f,g,D,E,G,O,U,X} +.It "range error in conversion" +A value to be printed fell outside the range of the data type +associated with the requested output format. +.It "too many conversions" +More than one conversion format specifier has been supplied, +but only one is allowed. +.El +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr ed 1 , +.Xr expand 1 , +.Xr rs 1 , +.Xr seq 1 , +.Xr yes 1 , +.Xr arc4random 3 , +.Xr printf 3 , +.Xr random 3 +.Sh HISTORY +The +.Nm +utility first appeared in +.Bx 4.2 . |