mandoc.1

   1 .\"     $Id: mandoc.1,v 1.70 2010/07/04 19:24:00 kristaps Exp $
   2 .\"
   3 .\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
   4 .\"
   5 .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
   6 .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
   7 .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
   8 .\"
   9 .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
  10 .\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
  11 .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
  12 .\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
  13 .\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
  14 .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
  15 .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
  16 .\"
  17 .Dd $Mdocdate: July 4 2010 $
  18 .Dt MANDOC 1
  19 .Os
  20 .Sh NAME
  21 .Nm mandoc
  22 .Nd format and display UNIX manuals
  23 .Sh SYNOPSIS
  24 .Nm mandoc
  25 .Op Fl V
  26 .Op Fl f Ns Ar option
  27 .Op Fl m Ns Ar format
  28 .Op Fl O Ns Ar option
  29 .Op Fl T Ns Ar output
  30 .Op Fl W Ns Ar err
  31 .Op Ar file...
  32 .Sh DESCRIPTION
  33 The
  34 .Nm
  35 utility formats
  36 .Ux
  37 manual pages for display.
  38 The arguments are as follows:
  39 .Bl -tag -width Ds
  40 .It Fl f Ns Ar option
  41 Comma-separated compiler options.
  42 See
  43 .Sx Compiler Options
  44 for details.
  45 .It Fl m Ns Ar format
  46 Input format.
  47 See
  48 .Sx Input Formats
  49 for available formats.
  50 Defaults to
  51 .Fl m Ns Cm andoc .
  52 .It Fl O Ns Ar option
  53 Comma-separated output options.
  54 .It Fl T Ns Ar output
  55 Output format.
  56 See
  57 .Sx Output Formats
  58 for available formats.
  59 Defaults to
  60 .Fl T Ns Cm ascii .
  61 .It Fl V
  62 Print version and exit.
  63 .It Fl W Ns Ar err
  64 Comma-separated warning options.
  65 Use
  66 .Fl W Ns Cm all
  67 to print warnings,
  68 .Fl W Ns Cm error
  69 for warnings to be considered errors and cause utility
  70 termination.
  71 Multiple
  72 .Fl W
  73 arguments may be comma-separated, such as
  74 .Fl W Ns Cm error , Ns Cm all .
  75 .It Ar file
  76 Read input from zero or more files.
  77 If unspecified, reads from stdin.
  78 If multiple files are specified,
  79 .Nm
  80 will halt with the first failed parse.
  81 .El
  82 .Pp
  83 By default,
  84 .Nm
  85 reads
  86 .Xr mdoc 7
  87 or
  88 .Xr man 7
  89 text from stdin, implying
  90 .Fl m Ns Cm andoc ,
  91 and produces
  92 .Fl T Ns Cm ascii
  93 output.
  94 .Pp
  95 .Ex -std mandoc
  96 .Ss Input Formats
  97 The
  98 .Nm
  99 utility accepts
 100 .Xr mdoc 7
 101 and
 102 .Xr man 7
 103 input with
 104 .Fl m Ns Cm doc
 105 and
 106 .Fl m Ns Cm an ,
 107 respectively.
 108 The
 109 .Xr mdoc 7
 110 format is
 111 .Em strongly
 112 recommended;
 113 .Xr man 7
 114 should only be used for legacy manuals.
 115 .Pp
 116 A third option,
 117 .Fl m Ns Cm andoc ,
 118 which is also the default, determines encoding on-the-fly: if the first
 119 non-comment macro is
 120 .Sq \&Dd
 121 or
 122 .Sq \&Dt ,
 123 the
 124 .Xr mdoc 7
 125 parser is used; otherwise, the
 126 .Xr man 7
 127 parser is used.
 128 .Pp
 129 If multiple
 130 files are specified with
 131 .Fl m Ns Cm andoc ,
 132 each has its file-type determined this way.
 133 If multiple files are
 134 specified and
 135 .Fl m Ns Cm doc
 136 or
 137 .Fl m Ns Cm an
 138 is specified, then this format is used exclusively.
 139 .Ss Compiler Options
 140 Default
 141 .Xr mdoc 7
 142 and
 143 .Xr man 7
 144 compilation behaviour may be overridden with the
 145 .Fl f
 146 flag.
 147 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 148 .It Fl f Ns Cm ign-errors
 149 When parsing multiple files, don't halt when one errors out.
 150 Useful with
 151 .Fl T Ns Cm lint
 152 over a large set of manuals passed on the command line.
 153 .It Fl f Ns Cm ign-escape
 154 Ignore invalid escape sequences.
 155 This is the default, but the option can be used to override an earlier
 156 .Fl f Ns Cm strict .
 157 .It Fl f Ns Cm ign-scope
 158 When rewinding the scope of a block macro, forces the compiler to ignore
 159 scope violations.
 160 This can seriously mangle the resulting tree.
 161 .Pq mdoc only
 162 .It Fl f Ns Cm no-ign-escape
 163 Do not ignore invalid escape sequences.
 164 .It Fl f Ns Cm no-ign-macro
 165 Do not ignore unknown macros at the start of input lines.
 166 .It Fl f Ns Cm strict
 167 Implies
 168 .Fl f Ns Cm no-ign-escape
 169 and
 170 .Fl f Ns Cm no-ign-macro .
 171 .El
 172 .Ss Output Formats
 173 The
 174 .Nm
 175 utility accepts the following
 176 .Fl T
 177 arguments, which correspond to output modes:
 178 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 179 .It Fl T Ns Cm ascii
 180 Produce 7-bit ASCII output, backspace-encoded for bold and underline
 181 styles.
 182 This is the default.
 183 See
 184 .Sx ASCII Output .
 185 .It Fl T Ns Cm html
 186 Produce strict HTML-4.01 output, with a sane default style.
 187 See
 188 .Sx HTML Output .
 189 .It Fl T Ns Cm lint
 190 Parse only: produce no output.
 191 Implies
 192 .Fl W Ns Cm all
 193 and
 194 .Fl f Ns Cm strict .
 195 .It Fl T Ns Cm ps
 196 Produce PostScript output.
 197 See
 198 .Sx PostScript Output .
 199 .It Fl T Ns Cm tree
 200 Produce an indented parse tree.
 201 .It Fl T Ns Cm xhtml
 202 Produce strict XHTML-1.0 output, with a sane default style.
 203 See
 204 .Sx XHTML Output .
 205 .El
 206 .Pp
 207 If multiple input files are specified, these will be processed by the
 208 corresponding filter in-order.
 209 .Ss ASCII Output
 210 Output produced by
 211 .Fl T Ns Cm ascii ,
 212 which is the default, is rendered in standard 7-bit ASCII documented in
 213 .Xr ascii 7 .
 214 .Pp
 215 Font styles are applied by using back-spaced encoding such that an
 216 underlined character
 217 .Sq c
 218 is rendered as
 219 .Sq _ Ns \e[bs] Ns c ,
 220 where
 221 .Sq \e[bs]
 222 is the back-space character number 8.
 223 Emboldened characters are rendered as
 224 .Sq c Ns \e[bs] Ns c .
 225 .Pp
 226 The special characters documented in
 227 .Xr mandoc_char 7
 228 are rendered best-effort in an ASCII equivalent.
 229 .Pp
 230 Output width is limited to 78 visible columns unless literal input lines
 231 exceed this limit.
 232 .Pp
 233 The following
 234 .Fl O
 235 arguments are accepted:
 236 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 237 .It Cm width Ns = Ns Ar width
 238 The output width is set to
 239 .Ar width ,
 240 which will normalise to \(>=60.
 241 .El
 242 .Ss HTML Output
 243 Output produced by
 244 .Fl T Ns Cm html
 245 conforms to HTML-4.01 strict.
 246 .Pp
 247 Font styles and page structure are applied using CSS2.
 248 By default, no font style is applied to any text,
 249 although CSS2 is hard-coded to format
 250 the basic structure of output.
 251 .Pp
 252 The
 253 .Pa example.style.css
 254 file documents the range of styles applied to output and, if used, will
 255 cause rendered documents to appear as they do in
 256 .Fl T Ns Cm ascii .
 257 .Pp
 258 Special characters are rendered in decimal-encoded UTF-8.
 259 .Pp
 260 The following
 261 .Fl O
 262 arguments are accepted:
 263 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 264 .It Cm includes Ns = Ns Ar fmt
 265 The string
 266 .Ar fmt ,
 267 for example,
 268 .Ar ../src/%I.html ,
 269 is used as a template for linked header files (usually via the
 270 .Sq \&In
 271 macro).
 272 Instances of
 273 .Sq \&%I
 274 are replaced with the include filename.
 275 The default is not to present a
 276 hyperlink.
 277 .It Cm man Ns = Ns Ar fmt
 278 The string
 279 .Ar fmt ,
 280 for example,
 281 .Ar ../html%S/%N.%S.html ,
 282 is used as a template for linked manuals (usually via the
 283 .Sq \&Xr
 284 macro).
 285 Instances of
 286 .Sq \&%N
 287 and
 288 .Sq %S
 289 are replaced with the linked manual's name and section, respectively.
 290 If no section is included, section 1 is assumed.
 291 The default is not to
 292 present a hyperlink.
 293 .It Cm style Ns = Ns Ar style.css
 294 The file
 295 .Ar style.css
 296 is used for an external style-sheet.
 297 This must be a valid absolute or
 298 relative URI.
 299 .El
 300 .Ss PostScript Output
 301 PostScript
 302 .Qq Adobe-3.0
 303 Level-2 pages may be generated by
 304 .Fl T Ns Cm ps .
 305 Output pages default to letter sized and are rendered in the Times font
 306 family, 11-point.
 307 Margins are calculated as 1/9 the page length and width.
 308 .Pp
 309 Special characters are rendered as in
 310 .Sx ASCII Output .
 311 .Pp
 312 The following
 313 .Fl O
 314 arguments are accepted:
 315 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 316 .It Cm paper Ns = Ns Ar name
 317 The paper size
 318 .Ar name
 319 may be one of
 320 .Ar a3 ,
 321 .Ar a4 ,
 322 .Ar a5 ,
 323 .Ar legal ,
 324 or
 325 .Ar letter .
 326 You may also manually specify dimensions as
 327 .Ar NNxNN ,
 328 width by height in millimetres.
 329 If an unknown value is encountered,
 330 .Ar letter
 331 is used.
 332 .El
 333 .Ss XHTML Output
 334 Output produced by
 335 .Fl T Ns Cm xhtml
 336 conforms to XHTML-1.0 strict.
 337 .Pp
 338 See
 339 .Sx HTML Output
 340 for details; beyond generating XHTML tags instead of HTML tags, these
 341 output modes are identical.
 342 .Sh EXAMPLES
 343 To page manuals to the terminal:
 344 .Pp
 345 .D1 $ mandoc \-Wall,error \-fstrict mandoc.1 2\*(Gt&1 | less
 346 .D1 $ mandoc mandoc.1 mdoc.3 mdoc.7 | less
 347 .Pp
 348 To produce HTML manuals with
 349 .Ar style.css
 350 as the style-sheet:
 351 .Pp
 352 .D1 $ mandoc \-Thtml -Ostyle=style.css mdoc.7 \*(Gt mdoc.7.html
 353 .Pp
 354 To check over a large set of manuals:
 355 .Pp
 356 .Dl $ mandoc \-Tlint \-fign-errors `find /usr/src -name \e*\e.[1-9]`
 357 .Pp
 358 To produce a series of PostScript manuals for A4 paper:
 359 .Pp
 360 .D1 $ mandoc \-Tps \-Opaper=a4 mdoc.7 man.7 \*(Gt manuals.ps
 361 .Sh COMPATIBILITY
 362 This section summarises
 363 .Nm
 364 compatibility with
 365 .Xr groff 1 .
 366 Each input and output format is separately noted.
 367 .Ss ASCII Compatibility
 368 .Bl -bullet -compact
 369 .It
 370 The
 371 .Sq \e~
 372 special character doesn't produce expected behaviour in
 373 .Fl T Ns Cm ascii .
 374 .It
 375 The
 376 .Sq \&Bd \-literal
 377 and
 378 .Sq \&Bd \-unfilled
 379 macros of
 380 .Xr mdoc 7
 381 in
 382 .Fl T Ns Cm ascii
 383 are synonyms, as are \-filled and \-ragged.
 384 .It
 385 In
 386 .Xr groff 1 ,
 387 the
 388 .Sq \&Pa
 389 .Xr mdoc 7
 390 macro does not underline when scoped under an
 391 .Sq \&It
 392 in the FILES section.
 393 This behaves correctly in
 394 .Nm .
 395 .It
 396 A list or display following the
 397 .Sq \&Ss
 398 .Xr mdoc 7
 399 macro in
 400 .Fl T Ns Cm ascii
 401 does not assert a prior vertical break, just as it doesn't with
 402 .Sq \&Sh .
 403 .It
 404 The
 405 .Sq \&na
 406 .Xr man 7
 407 macro in
 408 .Fl T Ns Cm ascii
 409 has no effect.
 410 .It
 411 Words aren't hyphenated.
 412 .It
 413 In normal mode (not a literal block), blocks of spaces aren't preserved,
 414 so double spaces following sentence closure are reduced to a single space;
 415 .Xr groff 1
 416 retains spaces.
 417 .It
 418 Sentences are unilaterally monospaced.
 419 .El
 420 .Ss HTML/XHTML Compatibility
 421 .Bl -bullet -compact
 422 .It
 423 The
 424 .Sq \efP
 425 escape will revert the font to the previous
 426 .Sq \ef
 427 escape, not to the last rendered decoration, which is now dictated by
 428 CSS instead of hard-coded.
 429 It also will not span past the current scope,
 430 for the same reason.
 431 Note that in
 432 .Sx ASCII Output
 433 mode, this will work fine.
 434 .It
 435 The
 436 .Xr mdoc 7
 437 .Sq \&Bl \-hang
 438 and
 439 .Sq \&Bl \-tag
 440 list types render similarly (no break following overreached left-hand
 441 side) due to the expressive constraints of HTML.
 442 .It
 443 The
 444 .Xr man 7
 445 .Sq IP
 446 and
 447 .Sq TP
 448 lists render similarly.
 449 .El
 450 .Sh SEE ALSO
 451 .Xr man 7 ,
 452 .Xr mandoc_char 7 ,
 453 .Xr mdoc 7
 454 .Sh AUTHORS
 455 The
 456 .Nm
 457 utility was written by
 458 .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@bsd.lv .
 459 .Sh CAVEATS
 460 The
 461 .Fl T Ns Cm html
 462 and
 463 .Fl T Ns Cm xhtml
 464 CSS2 styling used for
 465 .Fl m Ns Cm doc
 466 input lists does not render properly in older browsers, such as Internet
 467 Explorer 6 and earlier.
 468 .Pp
 469 In
 470 .Fl T Ns Cm html
 471 and
 472 .Fl T Ns Cm xhtml ,
 473 the maximum size of an element attribute is determined by
 474 .Dv BUFSIZ ,
 475 which is usually 1024 bytes.
 476 Be aware of this when setting long link
 477 formats such as
 478 .Fl O Ns Cm style Ns = Ns Ar really/long/link .
 479 .Pp
 480 The
 481 .Fl T Ns Cm html
 482 and
 483 .Fl T Ns Cm xhtml
 484 output modes don't render the
 485 .Sq \es
 486 font size escape documented in
 487 .Xr mdoc 7
 488 and
 489 .Xr man 7 .
 490 .Pp
 491 Nesting elements within next-line element scopes of
 492 .Fl m Ns Cm an ,
 493 such as
 494 .Sq br
 495 within an empty
 496 .Sq B ,
 497 will confuse
 498 .Fl T Ns Cm html
 499 and
 500 .Fl T Ns Cm xhtml
 501 and cause them to forget the formatting of the prior next-line scope.
 502 .Pp
 503 The
 504 .Sq i
 505 macro in
 506 .Fl m Ns Cm an
 507 should italicise all subsequent text if a line argument is not provided.
 508 This behaviour is not implemented.
 509 The
 510 .Sq \(aq
 511 control character is an alias for the standard macro control character
 512 and does not emit a line-break as stipulated in GNU troff.