man.cgi.8

   1 .\"     $Id: man.cgi.8,v 1.11 2014/09/14 19:44:28 schwarze Exp $
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   3 .\" Copyright (c) 2014 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
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  17 .Dd $Mdocdate: September 14 2014 $
  18 .Dt MAN.CGI 8
  19 .Os
  20 .Sh NAME
  21 .Nm man.cgi
  22 .Nd CGI program to search and display manual pages
  23 .Sh DESCRIPTION
  24 The
  25 .Nm
  26 CGI program searches for manual pages on a WWW server
  27 and displays them to HTTP clients,
  28 providing functionality equivalent to the
  29 .Xr apropos 1
  30 and
  31 .Xr man 1
  32 utilities.
  33 It can use multiple manual trees in parallel.
  34 .Ss HTML search interface
  35 At the top of each generated HTML page,
  36 .Nm
  37 displays a search form containing these elements:
  38 .Bl -enum
  39 .It
  40 An input box for search queries, expecting
  41 either a name of a manual page or an
  42 .Ar expression
  43 using the syntax described in the
  44 .Xr apropos 1
  45 manual; filling this in is required for each search.
  46 .Pp
  47 The expression is broken into words at whitespace.
  48 Whitespace characters and backslashes can be escaped
  49 by prepending a backslash.
  50 The effect of prepending a backslash to another character is undefined;
  51 in the current implementation, it has no effect.
  52 .It
  53 A
  54 .Dq Submit
  55 button to send a search request from the client to the server.
  56 .It
  57 A
  58 .Dq Reset
  59 button to undo any changes to the input boxes and the dropdown menus
  60 and reset them to the values contained in the
  61 .Ev QUERY_STRING .
  62 .It
  63 Radio buttons to select pages either by name like in
  64 .Xr man 1
  65 or using
  66 .Xr apropos 1
  67 queries.
  68 .It
  69 A dropdown menu to optionally select a manual section.
  70 If one is provided, it has the same effect as the
  71 .Xr man 1
  72 and
  73 .Xr apropos 1
  74 .Fl s
  75 option.
  76 Otherwise, pages from all sections are shown.
  77 .It
  78 A dropdown menu to optionally select an architecture.
  79 If one is provided, it has the same effect as the
  80 .Xr man 1
  81 and
  82 .Xr apropos 1
  83 .Fl S
  84 option.
  85 By default, pages for all architectures are shown.
  86 .It
  87 A dropdown menu to select a manual tree.
  88 If the configuration file
  89 .Pa /var/www/man/manpath.conf
  90 contains only one manpath, the dropdown menu is not shown.
  91 By default, the first manpath given in the file is used.
  92 .El
  93 .Ss Program output
  94 The
  95 .Nm
  96 program generates five kinds of output pages:
  97 .Bl -tag -width Ds
  98 .It The index page.
  99 This is returned when calling
 100 .Nm
 101 without
 102 .Ev PATH_INFO
 103 and without a
 104 .Ev QUERY_STRING .
 105 It serves as a starting point for using the program
 106 and shows the search form only.
 107 .It A list page.
 108 Lists are returned when searches match more than one manual page.
 109 The first column shows the names and section numbers of manuals
 110 as clickable links.
 111 The second column shows the one-line descriptions of the manuals.
 112 .It A manual page.
 113 This output format is used when a search matches exactly one
 114 manual page, or when a link on a list page or an
 115 .Ic \&Xr
 116 link on another manual page is followed.
 117 .It A no-result page.
 118 This is shown when a search request returns no results -
 119 eiher because it violates the query syntax, or because
 120 the search does not match any manual pages.
 121 .It \&An error page.
 122 This cannot happen by merely clicking the
 123 .Dq Search
 124 button, but only by manually entering an invalid URI.
 125 It does not show the search form, but only an error message
 126 and a link back to the index page.
 127 .El
 128 .Ss Setup
 129 For each manual tree, create one first-level subdirectory below
 130 .Pa /var/www/man .
 131 The name of one of these directories is called a
 132 .Dq manpath
 133 in the context of
 134 .Nm .
 135 Create a single ASCII text file
 136 .Pa /var/www/man/manpath.conf
 137 containing the names of these directories, one per line.
 138 The directory given first is used as the default manpath.
 139 .Pp
 140 Inside each of these directories, use the same directory and file
 141 structure as found below
 142 .Pa /usr/share/man ,
 143 that is, second-level subdirectories
 144 .Pa /var/www/man/*/man1 , /var/www/man/*/man2
 145 etc. containing source
 146 .Xr mdoc 7
 147 and
 148 .Xr man 7
 149 manuals with file name extensions matching the section numbers,
 150 second-level subdirectories
 151 .Pa /var/www/man/*/cat1 , /var/www/man/*/cat2
 152 etc. containing preformatted manuals with the file name extension
 153 .Sq 0 ,
 154 and optional third-level subdirectories for architectures.
 155 Use
 156 .Xr makewhatis 8
 157 to create a
 158 .Xr mandoc.db 5
 159 database inside each manpath.
 160 .Pp
 161 Configure your web server to execute CGI programs located in
 162 .Pa /cgi-bin .
 163 When using
 164 .Xr nginx 8 ,
 165 the
 166 .Xr slowcgi 8
 167 proxy daemon is needed to translate FastCGI requests to plain old CGI.
 168 .Pp
 169 To compile
 170 .Nm ,
 171 first copy
 172 .Pa cgi.h.example
 173 to
 174 .Pa cgi.h
 175 and edit it according to your needs.
 176 It contains the following compile-time definitions:
 177 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 178 .It Ev COMPAT_OLDURI
 179 Only useful for running on www.openbsd.org to deal with old URIs containing
 180 .Qq "manpath=OpenBSD "
 181 where the blank character has to be translated to a hyphen.
 182 When compiling for other sites, this definition can be deleted.
 183 .It Ev CSS_DIR
 184 An optional path to the directory containing the CSS files,
 185 to be specified relative to the server's document root,
 186 and to be specified without a trailing slash.
 187 When not specified, the CSS files
 188 are assumed to be in the document root.
 189 This is used in generated HTML code.
 190 .It Ev CUSTOMIZE_BEGIN
 191 A HTML string to be inserted right after opening the
 192 .Aq BODY
 193 element.
 194 .It Ev CUSTOMIZE_TITLE
 195 An ASCII string to be used for the HTML
 196 .Aq TITLE
 197 element.
 198 .It Ev HTTP_HOST
 199 The FQDN of the (possibly virtual) host the HTTP server is running on.
 200 This is used for
 201 .Ic Location:
 202 headers in HTTP 303 responses.
 203 .It Ev MAN_DIR
 204 A path to the
 205 .Nm
 206 data directory to be used instead of
 207 .Pa /var/www/man ,
 208 relative to the web server
 209 .Xr chroot 2
 210 directory, to be specified without a trailing slash.
 211 This is prepended to the manpath when opening
 212 .Xr mandoc.db 5
 213 and manual page files.
 214 .El
 215 .Pp
 216 After editing
 217 .Pa cgi.h ,
 218 run
 219 .Pp
 220 .Dl make man.cgi
 221 .Pp
 222 and copy the files to the proper locations.
 223 Reading the
 224 .Cm installcgi
 225 target in the
 226 .Pa Makefile
 227 can help with that, but do not run it without carefully checking it
 228 because the directory layouts of web servers vary greatly.
 229 .Ss URI interface
 230 .Nm
 231 uniform resource identifiers are not needed for interactive use,
 232 but can be useful for deep linking.
 233 They consist of:
 234 .Bl -enum
 235 .It
 236 The
 237 .Cm http://
 238 protocol specifier.
 239 .It
 240 The host name and a following slash.
 241 .It
 242 The path to the program, normally
 243 .Pa cgi-bin/man.cgi/ .
 244 .It
 245 To show a single page, a slash, the manpath, another slash,
 246 and the name of the requested file, for example
 247 .Pa /OpenBSD-current/man1/mandoc.1 .
 248 .It
 249 For searches, a query string starting with a question mark
 250 and consisting of
 251 .Ar key Ns = Ns Ar value
 252 pairs, separated by ampersands, for example
 253 .Pa ?manpath=OpenBSD-current&query=mandoc .
 254 Supported keys are
 255 .Cm manpath ,
 256 .Cm query ,
 257 .Cm sec ,
 258 .Cm arch ,
 259 corresponding to
 260 .Xr apropos 1
 261 .Fl M ,
 262 .Ar expression ,
 263 .Fl s ,
 264 .Fl S ,
 265 respectively, and
 266 .Cm apropos ,
 267 which is a boolean parameter to select or deselect the
 268 .Xr apropos 1
 269 query mode.
 270 For backward compatibility with the traditional
 271 .Nm ,
 272 .Cm sektion
 273 is supported as an alias for
 274 .Cm sec .
 275 .El
 276 .Ss Restricted character set
 277 For security reasons, in particular to prevent cross site scripting
 278 attacks, some strings used by
 279 .Nm
 280 can only contain the following characters:
 281 .Pp
 282 .Bl -dash -compact -offset indent
 283 .It
 284 lower case and upper case ASCII letters
 285 .It
 286 the ten decimal digits
 287 .It
 288 the dash
 289 .Pq Sq -
 290 .It
 291 the dot
 292 .Pq Sq \&.
 293 .It
 294 the slash
 295 .Pq Sq /
 296 .It
 297 the underscore
 298 .Pq Sq _
 299 .El
 300 .Pp
 301 In particular, this applies to the
 302 .Ev SCRIPT_NAME ,
 303 to all manpaths, and to all architecture names.
 304 .Sh ENVIRONMENT
 305 The web server may pass the following CGI variables to
 306 .Nm :
 307 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 308 .It Ev PATH_INFO
 309 The final part of the URI path passed from the client to the server,
 310 starting after the
 311 .Ev SCRIPT_NAME
 312 and ending before the
 313 .Ev QUERY_STRING .
 314 It is used by the
 315 .Cm show
 316 page to acquire the manpath and filename it needs.
 317 .It Ev QUERY_STRING
 318 The HTTP query string passed from the client to the server.
 319 It is the final part of the URI, after the question mark.
 320 It is used by the
 321 .Cm search
 322 page to acquire the named parameters it needs.
 323 .It Ev SCRIPT_NAME
 324 The path to the
 325 .Nm
 326 binary relative to the server root, usually
 327 .Pa /cgi-bin/man.cgi .
 328 This is used for generating URIs to be embedded
 329 in generated HTML code and HTTP headers.
 330 If this contains any character not contained in the
 331 .Sx Restricted character set ,
 332 .Nm
 333 reports an internal server error and exits without doing anything.
 334 .El
 335 .Sh FILES
 336 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 337 .It Pa /var/www
 338 Default web server
 339 .Xr chroot 2
 340 directory.
 341 All the following paths are specified relative to this directory.
 342 .It Pa /cgi-bin/man.cgi
 343 The path to the
 344 .Nm
 345 program relative to the server root.
 346 Can be overridden by
 347 .Ev SCRIPT_NAME .
 348 .It Pa /htdocs
 349 The path to the server document root relative to the server root.
 350 This is part of the web server configuration and not specific to
 351 .Nm .
 352 .It Pa /htdocs/man-cgi.css
 353 A style sheet for general
 354 .Nm
 355 styling, referenced from each generated HTML page.
 356 .It Pa /htdocs/man.css
 357 A style sheet for
 358 .Xr mandoc 1
 359 HTML styling, referenced from each generated HTML page after
 360 .Pa man-cgi.css .
 361 .It Pa /man
 362 Default
 363 .Nm
 364 data directory containing all the manual trees.
 365 Can be overridden by
 366 .Ev MAN_DIR .
 367 .It Pa /man/mandoc/man1/apropos.1 , /man/mandoc/man8/man.cgi.8
 368 Manual pages documenting
 369 .Nm
 370 itself, linked from the index page.
 371 .It Pa /man/manpath.conf
 372 The list of available manpaths, one per line.
 373 If any of the lines in this file contains a slash
 374 .Pq Sq /
 375 or any character not contained in the
 376 .Sx Restricted character set ,
 377 .Nm
 378 reports an internal server error and exits without doing anything.
 379 .It Pa /man/OpenBSD-current/man1/mandoc.1
 380 An example
 381 .Xr mdoc 7
 382 source file located below the
 383 .Dq OpenBSD-current
 384 manpath.
 385 .El
 386 .Sh COMPATIBILITY
 387 The
 388 .Nm
 389 CGI program is call-compatible with queries from the traditional
 390 .Pa man.cgi
 391 script by Wolfram Schneider.
 392 However, the output may not be quite the same.
 393 .Sh SEE ALSO
 394 .Xr apropos 1 ,
 395 .Xr mandoc.db 5 ,
 396 .Xr makewhatis 8 ,
 397 .Xr slowcgi 8
 398 .Sh HISTORY
 399 A version of
 400 .Nm
 401 based on
 402 .Xr mandoc 1
 403 first appeared in mdocml-1.12.1 (March 2012).
 404 The current SQLite3-based version first appeared in
 405 .Ox 5.6 .
 406 .Sh AUTHORS
 407 .An -nosplit
 408 The
 409 .Nm
 410 program was written by
 411 .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq Mt kristaps@bsd.lv
 412 and ported to the SQLite3-based
 413 .Xr mandoc.db 5
 414 backend by
 415 .An Ingo Schwarze Aq Mt schwarze@openbsd.org .