libutil/pw_util.c

   1 /*-
   2  * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994
   3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   4  * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
   5  * All rights reserved.
   6  *
   7  * Portions of this software were developed for the FreeBSD Project by
   8  * ThinkSec AS and NAI Labs, the Security Research Division of Network
   9  * Associates, Inc.  under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
  10  * ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.
  11  *
  12  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  13  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  14  * are met:
  15  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  17  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  18  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  19  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  20  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  21  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  22  *    without specific prior written permission.
  23  *
  24  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  25  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  26  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  27  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  28  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  29  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  30  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  31  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  32  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  33  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  34  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  35  */
  36
  37 #ifndef lint
  38 #if 0
  39 static const char sccsid[] = "@(#)pw_util.c     8.3 (Berkeley) 4/2/94";
  40 #endif
  41 static const char rcsid[] =
  42   "$FreeBSD$";
  43 #endif /* not lint */
  44
  45 /*
  46  * This file is used by all the "password" programs; vipw(8), chpass(1),
  47  * and passwd(1).
  48  */
  49
  50 #include <sys/param.h>
  51 #include <sys/errno.h>
  52 #include <sys/time.h>
  53 #include <sys/resource.h>
  54 #include <sys/stat.h>
  55 #include <sys/wait.h>
  56
  57 #include <ctype.h>
  58 #include <err.h>
  59 #include <fcntl.h>
  60 #include <inttypes.h>
  61 #include <libgen.h>
  62 #include <paths.h>
  63 #include <pwd.h>
  64 #include <signal.h>
  65 #include <stdio.h>
  66 #include <stdlib.h>
  67 #include <string.h>
  68 #include <unistd.h>
  69
  70 #include <libutil.h>
  71
  72 static pid_t editpid = -1;
  73 static int lockfd = -1;
  74 static char masterpasswd[PATH_MAX];
  75 static char passwd_dir[PATH_MAX];
  76 static char tempname[PATH_MAX];
  77 static int initialized;
  78
  79 #if 0
  80 void
  81 pw_cont(int sig)
  82 {
  83
  84         if (editpid != -1)
  85                 kill(editpid, sig);
  86 }
  87 #endif
  88
  89 /*
  90  * Initialize statics and set limits, signals & umask to try to avoid
  91  * interruptions, crashes etc. that might expose passord data.
  92  */
  93 int
  94 pw_init(const char *dir, const char *master)
  95 {
  96 #if 0
  97         struct rlimit rlim;
  98 #endif
  99
 100         if (dir == NULL) {
 101                 strcpy(passwd_dir, _PATH_ETC);
 102         } else {
 103                 if (strlen(dir) >= sizeof(passwd_dir)) {
 104                         errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
 105                         return (-1);
 106                 }
 107                 strcpy(passwd_dir, dir);
 108         }
 109
 110         if (master == NULL) {
 111                 if (dir == NULL) {
 112                         strcpy(masterpasswd, _PATH_MASTERPASSWD);
 113                 } else if (snprintf(masterpasswd, sizeof(masterpasswd), "%s/%s",
 114                     passwd_dir, _MASTERPASSWD) > (int)sizeof(masterpasswd)) {
 115                         errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
 116                         return (-1);
 117                 }
 118         } else {
 119                 if (strlen(master) >= sizeof(masterpasswd)) {
 120                         errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
 121                         return (-1);
 122                 }
 123                 strcpy(masterpasswd, master);
 124         }
 125
 126         /*
 127          * The code that follows is extremely disruptive to the calling
 128          * process, and is therefore disabled until someone can conceive
 129          * of a realistic scenario where it would fend off a compromise.
 130          * Race conditions concerning the temporary files can be guarded
 131          * against in other ways than masking signals (by checking stat(2)
 132          * results after creation).
 133          */
 134 #if 0
 135         /* Unlimited resource limits. */
 136         rlim.rlim_cur = rlim.rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
 137         (void)setrlimit(RLIMIT_CPU, &rlim);
 138         (void)setrlimit(RLIMIT_FSIZE, &rlim);
 139         (void)setrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &rlim);
 140         (void)setrlimit(RLIMIT_DATA, &rlim);
 141         (void)setrlimit(RLIMIT_RSS, &rlim);
 142
 143         /* Don't drop core (not really necessary, but GP's). */
 144         rlim.rlim_cur = rlim.rlim_max = 0;
 145         (void)setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rlim);
 146
 147         /* Turn off signals. */
 148         (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
 149         (void)signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
 150         (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
 151         (void)signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
 152         (void)signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
 153         (void)signal(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN);
 154         (void)signal(SIGCONT, pw_cont);
 155
 156         /* Create with exact permissions. */
 157         (void)umask(0);
 158 #endif
 159         initialized = 1;
 160         return (0);
 161 }
 162
 163 /*
 164  * Lock the master password file.
 165  */
 166 int
 167 pw_lock(void)
 168 {
 169
 170         if (*masterpasswd == '\0')
 171                 return (-1);
 172
 173         /*
 174          * If the master password file doesn't exist, the system is hosed.
 175          * Might as well try to build one.  Set the close-on-exec bit so
 176          * that users can't get at the encrypted passwords while editing.
 177          * Open should allow flock'ing the file; see 4.4BSD.    XXX
 178          */
 179         for (;;) {
 180                 struct stat st;
 181
 182                 lockfd = open(masterpasswd, O_RDONLY, 0);
 183                 if (lockfd < 0 || fcntl(lockfd, F_SETFD, 1) == -1)
 184                         err(1, "%s", masterpasswd);
 185                 /* XXX vulnerable to race conditions */
 186                 if (flock(lockfd, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB) == -1) {
 187                         if (errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
 188                                 errx(1, "the password db file is busy");
 189                         } else {
 190                                 err(1, "could not lock the passwd file: ");
 191                         }
 192                 }
 193
 194                 /*
 195                  * If the password file was replaced while we were trying to
 196                  * get the lock, our hardlink count will be 0 and we have to
 197                  * close and retry.
 198                  */
 199                 if (fstat(lockfd, &st) == -1)
 200                         err(1, "fstat() failed: ");
 201                 if (st.st_nlink != 0)
 202                         break;
 203                 close(lockfd);
 204                 lockfd = -1;
 205         }
 206         return (lockfd);
 207 }
 208
 209 /*
 210  * Create and open a presumably safe temp file for editing the password
 211  * data, and copy the master password file into it.
 212  */
 213 int
 214 pw_tmp(int mfd)
 215 {
 216         char buf[8192];
 217         ssize_t nr;
 218         const char *p;
 219         int tfd;
 220
 221         if (*masterpasswd == '\0')
 222                 return (-1);
 223         if ((p = strrchr(masterpasswd, '/')))
 224                 ++p;
 225         else
 226                 p = masterpasswd;
 227         if (snprintf(tempname, sizeof(tempname), "%.*spw.XXXXXX",
 228                 (int)(p - masterpasswd), masterpasswd) >= (int)sizeof(tempname)) {
 229                 errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
 230                 return (-1);
 231         }
 232         if ((tfd = mkstemp(tempname)) == -1)
 233                 return (-1);
 234         if (mfd != -1) {
 235                 while ((nr = read(mfd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0)
 236                         if (write(tfd, buf, (size_t)nr) != nr)
 237                                 break;
 238                 if (nr != 0) {
 239                         unlink(tempname);
 240                         *tempname = '\0';
 241                         close(tfd);
 242                         return (-1);
 243                 }
 244         }
 245         return (tfd);
 246 }
 247
 248 /*
 249  * Regenerate the password database.
 250  */
 251 int
 252 pw_mkdb(const char *user)
 253 {
 254         int pstat;
 255         pid_t pid;
 256
 257         (void)fflush(stderr);
 258         switch ((pid = fork())) {
 259         case -1:
 260                 return (-1);
 261         case 0:
 262                 /* child */
 263                 if (user == NULL)
 264                         execl(_PATH_PWD_MKDB, "pwd_mkdb", "-p",
 265                             "-d", passwd_dir, tempname, (char *)NULL);
 266                 else
 267                         execl(_PATH_PWD_MKDB, "pwd_mkdb", "-p",
 268                             "-d", passwd_dir, "-u", user, tempname,
 269                             (char *)NULL);
 270                 _exit(1);
 271                 /* NOTREACHED */
 272         default:
 273                 /* parent */
 274                 break;
 275         }
 276         if (waitpid(pid, &pstat, 0) == -1)
 277                 return (-1);
 278         if (WIFEXITED(pstat) && WEXITSTATUS(pstat) == 0)
 279                 return (0);
 280         errno = 0;
 281         return (-1);
 282 }
 283
 284 /*
 285  * Edit the temp file.  Return -1 on error, >0 if the file was modified, 0
 286  * if it was not.
 287  */
 288 int
 289 pw_edit(int notsetuid)
 290 {
 291         struct sigaction sa, sa_int, sa_quit;
 292         sigset_t oldsigset, sigset;
 293         struct stat st1, st2;
 294         const char *editor;
 295         int pstat;
 296
 297         if ((editor = getenv("EDITOR")) == NULL)
 298                 editor = _PATH_VI;
 299         if (stat(tempname, &st1) == -1)
 300                 return (-1);
 301         sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
 302         sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
 303         sa.sa_flags = 0;
 304         sigaction(SIGINT, &sa, &sa_int);
 305         sigaction(SIGQUIT, &sa, &sa_quit);
 306         sigemptyset(&sigset);
 307         sigaddset(&sigset, SIGCHLD);
 308         sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sigset, &oldsigset);
 309         switch ((editpid = fork())) {
 310         case -1:
 311                 return (-1);
 312         case 0:
 313                 sigaction(SIGINT, &sa_int, NULL);
 314                 sigaction(SIGQUIT, &sa_quit, NULL);
 315                 sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &oldsigset, NULL);
 316                 if (notsetuid) {
 317                         (void)setgid(getgid());
 318                         (void)setuid(getuid());
 319                 }
 320                 errno = 0;
 321                 execlp(editor, basename(editor), tempname, (char *)NULL);
 322                 _exit(errno);
 323         default:
 324                 /* parent */
 325                 break;
 326         }
 327         for (;;) {
 328                 if (waitpid(editpid, &pstat, WUNTRACED) == -1) {
 329                         if (errno == EINTR)
 330                                 continue;
 331                         unlink(tempname);
 332                         editpid = -1;
 333                         break;
 334                 } else if (WIFSTOPPED(pstat)) {
 335                         raise(WSTOPSIG(pstat));
 336                 } else if (WIFEXITED(pstat) && WEXITSTATUS(pstat) == 0) {
 337                         editpid = -1;
 338                         break;
 339                 } else {
 340                         unlink(tempname);
 341                         editpid = -1;
 342                         break;
 343                 }
 344         }
 345         sigaction(SIGINT, &sa_int, NULL);
 346         sigaction(SIGQUIT, &sa_quit, NULL);
 347         sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &oldsigset, NULL);
 348         if (stat(tempname, &st2) == -1)
 349                 return (-1);
 350         return (st1.st_mtime != st2.st_mtime);
 351 }
 352
 353 /*
 354  * Clean up.  Preserve errno for the caller's convenience.
 355  */
 356 void
 357 pw_fini(void)
 358 {
 359         int serrno, status;
 360
 361         if (!initialized)
 362                 return;
 363         initialized = 0;
 364         serrno = errno;
 365         if (editpid != -1) {
 366                 kill(editpid, SIGTERM);
 367                 kill(editpid, SIGCONT);
 368                 waitpid(editpid, &status, 0);
 369                 editpid = -1;
 370         }
 371         if (*tempname != '\0') {
 372                 unlink(tempname);
 373                 *tempname = '\0';
 374         }
 375         if (lockfd != -1)
 376                 close(lockfd);
 377         errno = serrno;
 378 }
 379
 380 /*
 381  * Compares two struct pwds.
 382  */
 383 int
 384 pw_equal(const struct passwd *pw1, const struct passwd *pw2)
 385 {
 386         return (strcmp(pw1->pw_name, pw2->pw_name) == 0 &&
 387             pw1->pw_uid == pw2->pw_uid &&
 388             pw1->pw_gid == pw2->pw_gid &&
 389             strcmp(pw1->pw_class, pw2->pw_class) == 0 &&
 390             pw1->pw_change == pw2->pw_change &&
 391             pw1->pw_expire == pw2->pw_expire &&
 392             strcmp(pw1->pw_gecos, pw2->pw_gecos) == 0 &&
 393             strcmp(pw1->pw_dir, pw2->pw_dir) == 0 &&
 394             strcmp(pw1->pw_shell, pw2->pw_shell) == 0);
 395 }
 396
 397 /*
 398  * Make a passwd line out of a struct passwd.
 399  */
 400 char *
 401 pw_make(const struct passwd *pw)
 402 {
 403         char *line;
 404
 405         asprintf(&line, "%s:%s:%ju:%ju:%s:%ju:%ju:%s:%s:%s", pw->pw_name,
 406             pw->pw_passwd, (uintmax_t)pw->pw_uid, (uintmax_t)pw->pw_gid,
 407             pw->pw_class, (uintmax_t)pw->pw_change, (uintmax_t)pw->pw_expire,
 408             pw->pw_gecos, pw->pw_dir, pw->pw_shell);
 409         return line;
 410 }
 411
 412 /*
 413  * Copy password file from one descriptor to another, replacing or adding
 414  * a single record on the way.
 415  */
 416 int
 417 pw_copy(int ffd, int tfd, const struct passwd *pw, struct passwd *old_pw)
 418 {
 419         char buf[8192], *end, *line, *p, *q, *r, t;
 420         struct passwd *fpw;
 421         size_t len;
 422         int eof, readlen;
 423
 424         if ((line = pw_make(pw)) == NULL)
 425                 return (-1);
 426
 427         eof = 0;
 428         len = 0;
 429         p = q = end = buf;
 430         for (;;) {
 431                 /* find the end of the current line */
 432                 for (p = q; q < end && *q != '\0'; ++q)
 433                         if (*q == '\n')
 434                                 break;
 435
 436                 /* if we don't have a complete line, fill up the buffer */
 437                 if (q >= end) {
 438                         if (eof)
 439                                 break;
 440                         if ((size_t)(q - p) >= sizeof(buf)) {
 441                                 warnx("passwd line too long");
 442                                 errno = EINVAL; /* hack */
 443                                 goto err;
 444                         }
 445                         if (p < end) {
 446                                 q = memmove(buf, p, end - p);
 447                                 end -= p - buf;
 448                         } else {
 449                                 p = q = end = buf;
 450                         }
 451                         readlen = read(ffd, end, sizeof(buf) - (end - buf));
 452                         if (readlen == -1)
 453                                 goto err;
 454                         else
 455                                 len = (size_t)readlen;
 456                         if (len == 0 && p == buf)
 457                                 break;
 458                         end += len;
 459                         len = end - buf;
 460                         if (len < (ssize_t)sizeof(buf)) {
 461                                 eof = 1;
 462                                 if (len > 0 && buf[len - 1] != '\n')
 463                                         ++len, *end++ = '\n';
 464                         }
 465                         continue;
 466                 }
 467
 468                 /* is it a blank line or a comment? */
 469                 for (r = p; r < q && isspace(*r); ++r)
 470                         /* nothing */ ;
 471                 if (r == q || *r == '#') {
 472                         /* yep */
 473                         if (write(tfd, p, q - p + 1) != q - p + 1)
 474                                 goto err;
 475                         ++q;
 476                         continue;
 477                 }
 478
 479                 /* is it the one we're looking for? */
 480
 481                 t = *q;
 482                 *q = '\0';
 483
 484                 fpw = pw_scan(r, PWSCAN_MASTER);
 485
 486                 /*
 487                  * fpw is either the struct passwd for the current line,
 488                  * or NULL if the line is malformed.
 489                  */
 490
 491                 *q = t;
 492                 if (fpw == NULL || strcmp(fpw->pw_name, pw->pw_name) != 0) {
 493                         /* nope */
 494                         if (fpw != NULL)
 495                                 free(fpw);
 496                         if (write(tfd, p, q - p + 1) != q - p + 1)
 497                                 goto err;
 498                         ++q;
 499                         continue;
 500                 }
 501                 if (old_pw && !pw_equal(fpw, old_pw)) {
 502                         warnx("entry inconsistent");
 503                         free(fpw);
 504                         errno = EINVAL; /* hack */
 505                         goto err;
 506                 }
 507                 free(fpw);
 508
 509                 /* it is, replace it */
 510                 len = strlen(line);
 511                 if (write(tfd, line, len) != (int)len)
 512                         goto err;
 513
 514                 /* we're done, just copy the rest over */
 515                 for (;;) {
 516                         if (write(tfd, q, end - q) != end - q)
 517                                 goto err;
 518                         q = buf;
 519                         readlen = read(ffd, buf, sizeof(buf));
 520                         if (readlen == 0)
 521                                 break;
 522                         else
 523                                 len = (size_t)readlen;
 524                         if (readlen == -1)
 525                                 goto err;
 526                         end = buf + len;
 527                 }
 528                 goto done;
 529         }
 530
 531         /* if we got here, we have a new entry */
 532         len = strlen(line);
 533         if ((size_t)write(tfd, line, len) != len ||
 534             write(tfd, "\n", 1) != 1)
 535                 goto err;
 536  done:
 537         free(line);
 538         return (0);
 539  err:
 540         free(line);
 541         return (-1);
 542 }
 543
 544 /*
 545  * Return the current value of tempname.
 546  */
 547 const char *
 548 pw_tempname(void)
 549 {
 550
 551         return (tempname);
 552 }
 553
 554 /*
 555  * Duplicate a struct passwd.
 556  */
 557 struct passwd *
 558 pw_dup(const struct passwd *pw)
 559 {
 560         struct passwd *npw;
 561         ssize_t len;
 562
 563         len = sizeof(*npw) +
 564             (pw->pw_name ? strlen(pw->pw_name) + 1 : 0) +
 565             (pw->pw_passwd ? strlen(pw->pw_passwd) + 1 : 0) +
 566             (pw->pw_class ? strlen(pw->pw_class) + 1 : 0) +
 567             (pw->pw_gecos ? strlen(pw->pw_gecos) + 1 : 0) +
 568             (pw->pw_dir ? strlen(pw->pw_dir) + 1 : 0) +
 569             (pw->pw_shell ? strlen(pw->pw_shell) + 1 : 0);
 570         if ((npw = malloc((size_t)len)) == NULL)
 571                 return (NULL);
 572         memcpy(npw, pw, sizeof(*npw));
 573         len = sizeof(*npw);
 574         if (pw->pw_name) {
 575                 npw->pw_name = ((char *)npw) + len;
 576                 len += sprintf(npw->pw_name, "%s", pw->pw_name) + 1;
 577         }
 578         if (pw->pw_passwd) {
 579                 npw->pw_passwd = ((char *)npw) + len;
 580                 len += sprintf(npw->pw_passwd, "%s", pw->pw_passwd) + 1;
 581         }
 582         if (pw->pw_class) {
 583                 npw->pw_class = ((char *)npw) + len;
 584                 len += sprintf(npw->pw_class, "%s", pw->pw_class) + 1;
 585         }
 586         if (pw->pw_gecos) {
 587                 npw->pw_gecos = ((char *)npw) + len;
 588                 len += sprintf(npw->pw_gecos, "%s", pw->pw_gecos) + 1;
 589         }
 590         if (pw->pw_dir) {
 591                 npw->pw_dir = ((char *)npw) + len;
 592                 len += sprintf(npw->pw_dir, "%s", pw->pw_dir) + 1;
 593         }
 594         if (pw->pw_shell) {
 595                 npw->pw_shell = ((char *)npw) + len;
 596                 len += sprintf(npw->pw_shell, "%s", pw->pw_shell) + 1;
 597         }
 598         return (npw);
 599 }
 600
 601 #include "pw_scan.h"
 602
 603 /*
 604  * Wrapper around an internal libc function
 605  */
 606 struct passwd *
 607 pw_scan(const char *line, int flags)
 608 {
 609         struct passwd pw, *ret;
 610         char *bp;
 611
 612         if ((bp = strdup(line)) == NULL)
 613                 return (NULL);
 614         if (!__pw_scan(bp, &pw, flags)) {
 615                 free(bp);
 616                 return (NULL);
 617         }
 618         ret = pw_dup(&pw);
 619         free(bp);
 620         return (ret);
 621 }