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authorMarcel Moolenaar <marcel@FreeBSD.org>2010-03-10 02:16:04 +0000
committerMarcel Moolenaar <marcel@FreeBSD.org>2010-03-10 02:16:04 +0000
commit50568f27d680f3a286fdcfaebb5e4f361c4c7e8b (patch)
tree4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904 /pw/pw.conf.5
parentd14d0b2c1107f8cf2cb372a38f82146fca1a9a2a (diff)
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Create the altix project branch. The altix project will add support
for the SGI Altix 350 to FreeBSD/ia64. The hardware used for porting is a two-module system, consisting of a base compute module and a CPU expansion module. SGI's NUMAFlex architecture can be an excellent platform to test CPU affinity and NUMA-aware features in FreeBSD.
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-.\" Copyright (C) 1996
-.\" David L. Nugent. All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY DAVID L. NUGENT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL DAVID L. NUGENT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\" $FreeBSD$
-.\"
-.Dd March 30, 2007
-.Dt PW.CONF 5
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm pw.conf
-.Nd format of the pw.conf configuration file
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-The file
-.In /etc/pw.conf
-contains configuration data for the
-.Xr pw 8
-utility.
-The
-.Xr pw 8
-utility is used for maintenance of the system password and group
-files, allowing users and groups to be added, deleted and changed.
-This file may be modified via the
-.Xr pw 8
-command using the
-.Ar useradd
-command and the
-.Fl D
-option, or by editing it directly with a text editor.
-.Pp
-Each line in
-.Pa /etc/pw.conf
-is treated either a comment or as configuration data;
-blank lines and lines commencing with a
-.Ql \&#
-character are considered comments, and any remaining lines are
-examined for a leading keyword, followed by corresponding data.
-.Pp
-Keywords recognized by
-.Xr pw 8
-are:
-.Bl -tag -width password_days -offset indent -compact
-.It defaultpasswd
-affect passwords generated for new users
-.It reuseuids
-reuse gaps in uid sequences
-.It reusegids
-reuse gaps in gid sequences
-.It nispasswd
-path to the
-.Tn NIS
-passwd database
-.It skeleton
-where to obtain default home contents
-.It newmail
-mail to send to new users
-.It logfile
-log user/group modifications to this file
-.It home
-root directory for home directories
-.It homemode
-permissions for home directory
-.It shellpath
-paths in which to locate shell programs
-.It shells
-list of valid shells (without path)
-.It defaultshell
-default shell (without path)
-.It defaultgroup
-default group
-.It extragroups
-add new users to this groups
-.It defaultclass
-place new users in this login class
-.It minuid
-.It maxuid
-range of valid default user ids
-.It mingid
-.It maxgid
-range of valid default group ids
-.It expire_days
-days after which account expires
-.It password_days
-days after which password expires
-.El
-.Pp
-Valid values for
-.Ar defaultpasswd
-are:
-.Bl -tag -width password_days -offset indent -compact
-.It no
-disable login on newly created accounts
-.It yes
-force the password to be the account name
-.It none
-force a blank password
-.It random
-generate a random password
-.El
-.Pp
-The second and third options are insecure and should be avoided if
-possible on a publicly accessible system.
-The first option requires that the superuser run
-.Xr passwd 1
-to set a password before the account may be used.
-This may also be useful for creating administrative accounts.
-The final option causes
-.Xr pw 8
-to respond by printing a randomly generated password on stdout.
-This is the preferred and most secure option.
-The
-.Xr pw 8
-utility also provides a method of setting a specific password for the new
-user via a filehandle (command lines are not secure).
-.Pp
-Both
-.Ar reuseuids
-and
-.Ar reusegids
-determine the method by which new user and group id numbers are
-generated.
-A
-.Ql \&yes
-in this field will cause
-.Xr pw 8
-to search for the first unused user or group id within the allowed
-range, whereas a
-.Ql \&no
-will ensure that no other existing user or group id within the range
-is numerically lower than the new one generated, and therefore avoids
-reusing gaps in the user or group id sequence that are caused by
-previous user or group deletions.
-Note that if the default group is not specified using the
-.Ar defaultgroup
-keyword,
-.Xr pw 8
-will create a new group for the user and attempt to keep the new
-user's uid and gid the same.
-If the new user's uid is currently in use as a group id, then the next
-available group id is chosen instead.
-.Pp
-On
-.Tn NIS
-servers which maintain a separate passwd database to
-.Pa /etc/master.passwd ,
-this option allows the additional file to be concurrently updated
-as user records are added, modified or removed.
-If blank or set to 'no', no additional database is updated.
-An absolute pathname must be used.
-.Pp
-The
-.Ar skeleton
-keyword nominates a directory from which the contents of a user's
-new home directory is constructed.
-This is
-.Pa /usr/share/skel
-by default.
-The
-.Xr pw 8 Ns 's
-.Fl m
-option causes the user's home directory to be created and populated
-using the files contained in the
-.Ar skeleton
-directory.
-.Pp
-To send an initial email to new users, the
-.Ar newmail
-keyword may be used to specify a path name to a file containing
-the message body of the message to be sent.
-To avoid sending mail when accounts are created, leave this entry
-blank or specify
-.Ql \&no .
-.Pp
-The
-.Ar logfile
-option allows logging of password file modifications into the
-nominated log file.
-To avoid creating or adding to such a logfile, then leave this
-field blank or specify
-.Ql \&no .
-.Pp
-The
-.Ar home
-keyword is mandatory.
-This specifies the location of the directory in which all new user
-home directories are created.
-.Pp
-The
-.Ar homemode
-keyword is optional.
-It specifies the creation mask of the user's home directory and is modified by
-.Xr umask 2 .
-.Pp
-The
-.Ar shellpath
-keyword specifies a list of directories - separated by colons
-.Ql \&:
-- which contain the programs used by the login shells.
-.Pp
-The
-.Ar shells
-keyword specifies a list of programs available for use as login
-shells.
-This list is a comma-separated list of shell names which should
-not contain a path.
-These shells must exist in one of the directories nominated by
-.Ar shellpath .
-.Pp
-The
-.Ar defaultshell
-keyword nominates which shell program to use for new users when
-none is specified on the
-.Xr pw 8
-command line.
-.Pp
-The
-.Ar defaultgroup
-keyword defines the primary group (the group id number in the
-password file) used for new accounts.
-If left blank, or the word
-.Ql \&no
-is used, then each new user will have a corresponding group of
-their own created automatically.
-This is the recommended procedure for new users as it best secures each
-user's files against interference by other users of the system
-irrespective of the
-.Em umask
-normally used by the user.
-.Pp
-The
-.Ar extragroups
-keyword provides an automatic means of placing new users into groups within
-the
-.Pa /etc/groups
-file.
-This is useful where all users share some resources, and is preferable
-to placing users into the same primary group.
-The effect of this keyword can be overridden using the
-.Fl G
-option on the
-.Xr pw 8
-command line.
-.Pp
-The
-.Ar defaultclass
-field determines the login class (See
-.Xr login.conf 5 )
-that new users will be allocated unless overwritten by
-.Xr pw 8 .
-.Pp
-The
-.Ar minuid ,
-.Ar maxuid ,
-.Ar mingid ,
-.Ar maxgid
-keywords determine the allowed ranges of automatically allocated user
-and group id numbers.
-The default values for both user and group ids are 1000 and 32000 as
-minimum and maximum respectively.
-The user and group id's actually used when creating an account with
-.Xr pw 8
-may be overridden using the
-.Fl u
-and
-.Fl g
-command line options.
-.Pp
-The
-.Ar expire_days
-and
-.Ar password_days
-are used to automatically calculate the number of days from the date
-on which an account is created when the account will expire or the
-user will be forced to change the account's password.
-A value of
-.Ql \&0
-in either field will disable the corresponding (account or password)
-expiration date.
-.Sh LIMITS
-The maximum line length of
-.Pa /etc/pw.conf
-is 1024 characters.
-Longer lines will be skipped and treated
-as comments.
-.Sh FILES
-.Bl -tag -width /etc/master.passwd -compact
-.It Pa /etc/pw.conf
-.It Pa /etc/passwd
-.It Pa /etc/master.passwd
-.It Pa /etc/group
-.El
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr passwd 1 ,
-.Xr umask 2 ,
-.Xr group 5 ,
-.Xr login.conf 5 ,
-.Xr passwd 5 ,
-.Xr pw 8