diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'chpass/chpass.1')
-rw-r--r-- | chpass/chpass.1 | 485 |
1 files changed, 485 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/chpass/chpass.1 b/chpass/chpass.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a97531e --- /dev/null +++ b/chpass/chpass.1 @@ -0,0 +1,485 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1990, 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" @(#)chpass.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93 +.\" $FreeBSD$ +.\" +.Dd December 30, 1993 +.Dt CHPASS 1 +.Os +.Sh NAME +.Nm chpass , +.Nm chfn , +.Nm chsh , +.Nm ypchpass , +.Nm ypchfn , +.Nm ypchsh +.Nd add or change user database information +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl a Ar list +.Op Fl p Ar encpass +.Op Fl e Ar expiretime +.Op Fl s Ar newshell +.Op user +.Nm +.Op Fl oly +.Op Fl a Ar list +.Op Fl p Ar encpass +.Op Fl e Ar expiretime +.Op Fl s Ar newshell +.Op Fl d Ar domain +.Op Fl h Ar host +.Op user +.Sh DESCRIPTION +The +.Nm +utility +allows editing of the user database information associated +with +.Ar user +or, by default, the current user. +.Pp +The +.Nm chfn , +.Nm chsh , +.Nm ypchpass , +.Nm ypchfn +and +.Nm ypchsh +utilities behave identically to +.Nm . +(There is only one program.) +.Pp +The information is formatted and supplied to an editor for changes. +.Pp +Only the information that the user is allowed to change is displayed. +.Pp +The options are as follows: +.Bl -tag -width indent +.It Fl a +The super-user is allowed to directly supply a user database +entry, in the format specified by +.Xr passwd 5 , +as an argument. +This argument must be a colon +.Pq Dq \&: +separated list of all the +user database fields, although they may be empty. +.It Fl p +The super-user is allowed to directly supply an encrypted password field, +in the format used by +.Xr crypt 3 , +as an argument. +.It Fl e Ar expiretime +Change the account expire time. +This option is used to set the expire time +from a script as if it was done in the interactive editor. +.It Fl s Ar newshell +Attempt to change the user's shell to +.Ar newshell . +.El +.Pp +Possible display items are as follows: +.Pp +.Bl -tag -width "Other Information:" -compact -offset indent +.It Login: +user's login name +.It Password: +user's encrypted password +.It Uid: +user's login +.It Gid: +user's login group +.It Class: +user's general classification +.It Change: +password change time +.It Expire: +account expiration time +.It Full Name: +user's real name +.It Office Location: +user's office location (1) +.It Office Phone: +user's office phone (1) +.It Home Phone: +user's home phone (1) +.It Other Information: +any locally defined parameters for user (1) +.It Home Directory: +user's home directory +.It Shell: +user's login shell +.Pp +.It NOTE(1) - +In the actual master.passwd file, these fields are comma-delimited +fields embedded in the FullName field. +.El +.Pp +The +.Ar login +field is the user name used to access the computer account. +.Pp +The +.Ar password +field contains the encrypted form of the user's password. +.Pp +The +.Ar uid +field is the number associated with the +.Ar login +field. +Both of these fields should be unique across the system (and often +across a group of systems) as they control file access. +.Pp +While it is possible to have multiple entries with identical login names +and/or identical user id's, it is usually a mistake to do so. +Routines +that manipulate these files will often return only one of the multiple +entries, and that one by random selection. +.Pp +The +.Ar gid +field is the group that the user will be placed in at login. +Since +.Bx +supports multiple groups (see +.Xr groups 1 ) +this field currently has little special meaning. +This field may be filled in with either a number or a group name (see +.Xr group 5 ) . +.Pp +The +.Ar class +field references class descriptions in +.Pa /etc/login.conf +and is typically used to initialize the user's system resource limits +when they login. +.Pp +The +.Ar change +field is the date by which the password must be changed. +.Pp +The +.Ar expire +field is the date on which the account expires. +.Pp +Both the +.Ar change +and +.Ar expire +fields should be entered in the form +.Dq month day year +where +.Ar month +is the month name (the first three characters are sufficient), +.Ar day +is the day of the month, and +.Ar year +is the year. +.Pp +Five fields are available for storing the user's +.Ar full name , office location , +.Ar work +and +.Ar home telephone +numbers and finally +.Ar other information +which is a single comma delimited string to represent any additional +gecos fields (typically used for site specific user information). +Note that +.Xr finger 1 +will display the office location and office phone together under the +heading +.Ar Office: . +.Pp +The user's +.Ar home directory +is the full +.Ux +path name where the user +will be placed at login. +.Pp +The +.Ar shell +field is the command interpreter the user prefers. +If the +.Ar shell +field is empty, the Bourne shell, +.Pa /bin/sh , +is assumed. +When altering a login shell, and not the super-user, the user +may not change from a non-standard shell or to a non-standard +shell. +Non-standard is defined as a shell not found in +.Pa /etc/shells . +.Pp +Once the information has been verified, +.Nm +uses +.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 +to update the user database. +.Sh ENVIRONMENT +The +.Xr vi 1 +editor will be used unless the environment variable +.Ev EDITOR +is set to +an alternate editor. +When the editor terminates, the information is re-read and used to +update the user database itself. +Only the user, or the super-user, may edit the information associated +with the user. +.Pp +See +.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 +for an explanation of the impact of setting the +.Ev PW_SCAN_BIG_IDS +environment variable. +.Sh NIS INTERACTION +The +.Nm +utility can also be used in conjunction with NIS, however some restrictions +apply. +Currently, +.Nm +can only make changes to the NIS passwd maps through +.Xr rpc.yppasswdd 8 , +which normally only permits changes to a user's password, shell and GECOS +fields. +Except when invoked by the super-user on the NIS master server, +.Nm +(and, similarly, +.Xr passwd 1 ) +cannot use the +.Xr rpc.yppasswdd 8 +server to change other user information or +add new records to the NIS passwd maps. +Furthermore, +.Xr rpc.yppasswdd 8 +requires password authentication before it will make any +changes. +The only user allowed to submit changes without supplying +a password is the super-user on the NIS master server; all other users, +including those with root privileges on NIS clients (and NIS slave +servers) must enter a password. +(The super-user on the NIS master is allowed to bypass these restrictions +largely for convenience: a user with root access +to the NIS master server already has the privileges required to make +updates to the NIS maps, but editing the map source files by hand can +be cumbersome. +.Pp +Note: these exceptions only apply when the NIS master server is a +.Fx +system). +.Pp +Consequently, except where noted, the following restrictions apply when +.Nm +is used with NIS: +.Bl -enum -offset indent +.It +.Em "Only the shell and GECOS information may be changed" . +All other +fields are restricted, even when +.Nm +is invoked by the super-user. +While support for +changing other fields could be added, this would lead to +compatibility problems with other NIS-capable systems. +Even though the super-user may supply data for other fields +while editing an entry, the extra information (other than the +password -- see below) will be silently discarded. +.Pp +Exception: the super-user on the NIS master server is permitted to +change any field. +.It +.Em "Password authentication is required" . +The +.Nm +utility will prompt for the user's NIS password before effecting +any changes. +If the password is invalid, all changes will be +discarded. +.Pp +Exception: the super-user on the NIS master server is allowed to +submit changes without supplying a password. +(The super-user may +choose to turn off this feature using the +.Fl o +flag, described below.) +.It +.Em "Adding new records to the local password database is discouraged" . +The +.Nm +utility will allow the administrator to add new records to the +local password database while NIS is enabled, but this can lead to +some confusion since the new records are appended to the end of +the master password file, usually after the special NIS '+' entries. +The administrator should use +.Xr vipw 8 +to modify the local password +file when NIS is running. +.Pp +The super-user on the NIS master server is permitted to add new records +to the NIS password maps, provided the +.Xr rpc.yppasswdd 8 +server has been started with the +.Fl a +flag to permitted additions (it refuses them by default). +The +.Nm +utility tries to update the local password database by default; to update the +NIS maps instead, invoke chpass with the +.Fl y +flag. +.It +.Em "Password changes are not permitted". +Users should use +.Xr passwd 1 +or +.Xr yppasswd 1 +to change their NIS passwords. +The super-user is allowed to specify +a new password (even though the +.Dq Password: +field does not show +up in the editor template, the super-user may add it back by hand), +but even the super-user must supply the user's original password +otherwise +.Xr rpc.yppasswdd 8 +will refuse to update the NIS maps. +.Pp +Exception: the super-user on the NIS master server is permitted to +change a user's NIS password with +.Nm . +.El +.Pp +There are also a few extra option flags that are available when +.Nm +is compiled with NIS support: +.Bl -tag -width indent +.It Fl l +Force +.Nm +to modify the local copy of a user's password +information in the event that a user exists in both +the local and NIS databases. +.It Fl y +Opposite effect of +.Fl l . +This flag is largely redundant since +.Nm +operates on NIS entries by default if NIS is enabled. +.It Fl d Ar domain +Specify a particular NIS domain. +The +.Nm +utility uses the system domain name by default, as set by the +.Xr domainname 1 +utility. +The +.Fl d +option can be used to override a default, or to specify a domain +when the system domain name is not set. +.It Fl h Ar host +Specify the name or address of an NIS server to query. +Normally, +.Nm +will communicate with the NIS master host specified in the +.Pa master.passwd +or +.Pa passwd +maps. +On hosts that have not been configured as NIS clients, there is +no way for the program to determine this information unless the user +provides the hostname of a server. +Note that the specified hostname need +not be that of the NIS master server; the name of any server, master or +slave, in a given NIS domain will do. +.Pp +When using the +.Fl d +option, the hostname defaults to +.Dq localhost . +The +.Fl h +option can be used in conjunction with the +.Fl d +option, in which case the user-specified hostname will override +the default. +.It Fl o +Force the use of RPC-based updates when communicating with +.Xr rpc.yppasswdd 8 +.Pq Dq old-mode . +When invoked by the super-user on the NIS master server, +.Nm +allows unrestricted changes to the NIS passwd maps using dedicated, +non-RPC-based mechanism (in this case, a +.Ux +domain socket). +The +.Fl o +flag can be used to force +.Nm +to use the standard update mechanism instead. +This option is provided +mainly for testing purposes. +.El +.Sh FILES +.Bl -tag -width /etc/master.passwd -compact +.It Pa /etc/master.passwd +the user database +.It Pa /etc/passwd +a Version 7 format password file +.It Pa /etc/chpass.XXXXXX +temporary copy of the password file +.It Pa /etc/shells +the list of approved shells +.El +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr finger 1 , +.Xr login 1 , +.Xr passwd 1 , +.Xr getusershell 3 , +.Xr login.conf 5 , +.Xr passwd 5 , +.Xr pw 8 , +.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 , +.Xr vipw 8 +.Rs +.%A Robert Morris +.%A Ken Thompson +.%T "UNIX Password security" +.Re +.Sh HISTORY +The +.Nm +utility appeared in +.Bx 4.3 Reno . +.Sh BUGS +User information should (and eventually will) be stored elsewhere. |